african civilizations. i k uu uu ghana ~3 rd century ce, become wealthy off taxing the trade of gold...
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African Civilizations
i k
uu
Ghana~3rd Century CE, become wealthy off taxing the trade of gold for saltIslam adopted ~ 10th Century
Fall of Ghana
Invaded and weakened - 1076 CE
By 13th Century overrun
Mali tttt
• Founded by Sundiata, leader of a tribe who broke away from Ghana
• Economic foundation was agriculture, as well as gold mines
okok
Mansa Musa
Ruler of Mali known for his Hajj
Brought the attention of the world to Mali
Architecture and Timbuktu
Islamic Architects come to Mali and create unique style
Timbuktu becomes a great city of 50,000+ with a famous Mosque, University and Library
yy
Songhai 1450-1600 C.E. Largest West African
State
Revolted against Mali rule and conquered Timbuktu around 1450, gained control of trade routes
Muslim Dynasty
Civil War and invasions lead to downfall
Benin
Rain Forest dwellers
Traded in Ivory, Pepper and eventually slaves
Early 1500s Portuguese contact
The Kingdom of Aksum
Rise of Aksum
South of Kush on Red Sea
Located on a Coastal plain
Spoke Ge’ez1 of 1st
written languages of
Africa
Aksum
Rich farmlandGrew wheat and barley
Controlled Red Sea tradeStrong navyTraders from inland brought
gold, ivory, and slavesUsed moneyBy 300 C.E. grew wealthy
King Ezana
Conquered the Kush in 350 C.E.
Converted to ChristianityMade it official religion
Decline
600s C.E. Muslims begin to invade
700s Muslims conquer territory around AksumIncluding Aksum’s
port city of AdulisPeople of Aksum
retreated to Ethiopian Highlands
Kingdom of Ethiopia
Rise of Ethiopia
1100s C.E. remainders of Aksum est. new Kingdom
1150 - Zagwe Dynasty
~1150 Zagwe Dynasty
King Lalibela built the churches carved from rock
1270 –1974 Solomonid Dynasty
Fought religious wars to conquer Islamic and Jewish territory (Beta Israel and Muslim Kingdom of Adal)
East African City States
Bantu tribes left the central African Tropics about 1000 B.C.E.
Spread their population and knowledge (iron working and farming) throughout Southern Africa
Eastern Africa City-States
The Indian Ocean Monsoons go from the southwest from April to October and from the northeast from October to April.
Trade network developed b/w India and East Africa
East African Ports become wealthy
Mogadishu
Mombasa
Kilwa
Sofala
Trade
From India/China
GlasswarePorcelainSilkcotton
From AfricaCoconut oilCopperLeopard
skinsIvoryGoldSlaves
Swahili
Blending of African and
Islamic CultureEx:
Language:
Bantu + Arabic = Swahili
Architecture
Great Zimbabwe Interior of Africa ~1100s
Middleman of Africa
Located between gold
mines/ivory hunters
AndPort cities
Great Zimbabwe Minimal info from
archeological digs
Disappeared about 1400
Replaced by the Mutapa Empire (to the North) in 1400s