African Study Guide 4/5/11African Study Guide 4/5/11

Key ? None

Outcome: Using prior

knowledge of content material to answer questions regarding Medieval AfricaWarm-up:

Get out your study guide & checking pen.Late work? Put it inot your folder!Let’s ROCK!

Where was Taghza located?

TaghazaNorth of Ghana

They produced salt!

Trade type: barter

Where was Wangara located?

Wangara,South of Ghana

They produced gold!

Trade type: silent trade

What geographic location was not settled?

The Sahara desert

People can’t settle here because they can’t farm!

Why?

Around what geographic location did most people settle in Africa?

They would settlearound rivers, flood plains would be used for their fertile soil but people would settle farther away.

4. Part 1

How did this affect people’s settle-ment patterns in West Africa?

People would settle in areas that had a fresh water source so they could use it as a trade route, eat the fish, use it for their crops & drink it.

People would migrate to the area with fertile land and natural resources

What made West African What made West African farming more efficient?farming more efficient?

Iron tools

The Nok are the first to use and trade iron tools.

How did Ghana become wealthy?

Ghana collected taxesas traders came inAnd left the kingdom.

Location, location location!Ghana was located at the end of the trans-Sahara trade routes so all of the traders needed to go through them!

Why is the location Why is the location important? important?

Different goods traded Different goods traded to different locations… to different locations…

Because people don’t have the same natural resources nor the same human resources in the same areas so the needs and/or wants are different

What increased trans-Saharan trade?

1. Introduction of the camel2. Muslim traders

What first brought Islam to West Africa?

Trade

Muslim traders cameacross the Saharato trade gold and salt!

Explain what extended-Explain what extended-familyfamily communities did to communities did to survivesurvive during difficult times. during difficult times.

Joined other communities to provide necessary assistance

Became a village!

List the goods each of these traders would have Traders heading

South Copper Cowrie Shells Salt

Traders heading North Gold Leather goods Hides Kola nuts Ivory Slaves

Stable Food Supply •Farming w/ excess to trade at Kumbi•Herding livestock to use their hide

Specialization of Labor •Farmers, traders, specialized army soldiers, craftsmen

Social Levels •King (Mansa)•Army General & Government Official•Craftsman, Merchant•Farmer then slave

System of Government •Taxes taken by the king’s official•Public works created for the people from the taxes collected thru trade

Highly Developed Culture

•Music – Griot singing stories •Call & Response showing culture

In Africa, a sahel was a strip of dry grassland between a desert and a savanna where some West Africans settled as they mined for salt in Tahagza.

Sahel –

A griot was an important part of West African culture who kept the stories & history of the past as well as kept the genealogy of the village. Because of this, they taught the customs to others and advised the king!

MatrilinealRelating to the system of tracing descent through the female of the family

Male Female

Savanna In West Africa,

extended families farmed in the savanna, a region containing tall grasses, some trees and shrubs because there would be some water and fertile soil.

Caravan:

Islam traveled to West Africa because Muslim traders started trading using camel caravans. These caravans allowed them to carry large amounts of goods while traveling quickly across the Sahara desert.

Desert

The Sahara desert receives less then 10 inchesof rain per year. This made it very difficultfor traders to travel across this environment withgoods without a camel!

diviner

The villagers went to the diviner to find out when the next flood would come because they wanted to know if they should plant along the flood plain. He talked to the spirits and told them not to plant there this year.

Fill in the graphic organizer

Answers onslides 30 - 35

What influence did Islam What influence did Islam have upon West Africa?have upon West Africa?

Example of the influence: Religious practice – Islam with 5 Pillars

of Faith Explain the change in the culture:

Prayed in Arabic Regarded Muslims as a single

community Combined Islam with their belief in

spirits and use of amulets & charms

What influence did Islam What influence did Islam have upon West Africa?have upon West Africa?

Example of the influence: Government & Law

Explain the change in the culture: Change of succession to patrilineal line Title of sultan, amir/emir used for local

rulers Adoption of shari’ah with customary

physical punishment

What influence did Islam What influence did Islam have upon West Africa?have upon West Africa?

Example of the influence: Education – greater value placed upon

learning Explain the change in the culture:

Education encouraged with universities built

Timbuktu became famous for scholarship Turban used as headdress showing

graduation from Sankore University

What influence did Islam What influence did Islam have upon West Africa?have upon West Africa?

Example of the influence: New Language: Arabic

Explain the change in the culture: Became language of religion,

learning, commerce & government

What influence did Islam What influence did Islam have upon West Africa?have upon West Africa?

Example of the influence: Architecture: built mosques rather

than small shrines Explain the change in the culture:

Houses changed to cube shaped structures of brick with flat roofs

What influence did Islam What influence did Islam have upon West Africa?have upon West Africa?

Example of the influence: Art: used calligraphy

Explain the change in the culture: Geometric patters used within their

art & architecture Textiles with appliqué or kente cloth

used

Create a flow chart outlining the Create a flow chart outlining the development of settlement.development of settlement.

Aunts, uncles,ect. lived together-help farm-trade withother families

Lived together for-Protection- Shared tasks- began use of iron tools

Trade center

Used riverfor trade

Wall forprotection

tribute

Tradedexternally

Taxes paid forarmy

Explain the trade strategy the Wagnerians used, why the North African traders liked this method of trade and why the king of Ghana benefited

from this situation.

Wangarans used silent trade North African traders liked this because

they did not have to learn a different language to effectively trade

Ghana benefited because the traders would leave Ghana to go to Wangara which meant the traders were taxed 4 times (coming into and leaving Ghana) making them wealthy to buy luxuries

Homework:Homework:

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