aga5802 astro,sica observacional · 2018. 3. 12. · astro,sica observacional 1. introduc,on....
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AGA5802Astro,sicaObservacional
1.Introduc,on.Synergybetweentheoryandobserva,on.TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy.Observa,onalsystem:telescopesandinstrumenta,onBibliography:AstronomyMethods,Decadalsurveys(USA,Australia,Europe),manyreferencesforhistoricalintro.
Prof.JorgeMeléndez1
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Ques,onstodiscussinclass• Whybiggertelescopes?
• Justtelescopes?Whatelsedoweneed?
2
• Howshouldweplanscienceinacountry?
• Whatarethebigques,onsinAstronomy?
ESOExtremelyLargeTelescope
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy• Scienceisthemaindriverfornewmajorfacili<esinastronomy
3
ComparisonoftheELT(ESO)totheVLTtelescopes(ESO)andtheGizapyramids
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Bibliography• 2020vision.AnOverviewofNewWorlds,NewHorizonsinAstronomyandAstrophysics,U.S.A.
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Bibliography• NewHorizons.ADecadalPlanforAustralianAstronomy2006-2015
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Bibliography
6h[ps://www.science.org.au/node/389
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Bibliography• AScienceVisionforEuropeanAstronomy
7
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Bibliography• Na,onalPlanforAstronomyinBrazil
8
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+EUWhatAreOtherPlanetarySystemsLike?
AnExoplanetFamilysurroundingthestarHR8799.Lightfromthecentralstarhasbeenblockedmechanicallyandfurtherreducedelectronicallyfromtheimage.Thefourexoplanetsarecircledinred.Keckdata.Maroisetal.2010,Nature,468,1080
Neptune:30AU
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Mercury 0.4 AU
Venus 0.7 Earth
1.0 Mars 1.52
Jupiter 5.2
Saturn 9.5
Uranus 19
Neptune 30
? Planets around HD 10180
Lovis et al. 2010
TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+EUWhatAreOtherPlanetarySystemsLike?
PlanetsaroundtheSun
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LargeProgramme:88nightsatLaSilla3.6mtelescope+HARPSspectrograph
PlanetsaroundsolartwinsPI:JorgeMeléndez(IAG/USP)
Collaborators:T.Monroe(IAG/USP)
Australia:AlanAlvesBrito,M.Asplund,L.Casagrande
USA:I.Ramírez,J.BeanGermany:P.Baumann,S.Dreizler,K.Lind
2011-2016© Ana M. Molina at La Silla
�Brazilian�planets!
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PlanetarySystemHIP11915
SolarSystem JupiterMercury
Venu
s
Earth
Mars
First“Brazilian”planet
HIP11915b
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h[ps://astropontos.org/2017/09/06/o-primeiro-exoplaneta-brasileiro/
100%
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+AU+EU
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:AustraliaHowareelementsproducedbystarsandrecycledthroughgalaxies?Galac<cArchaeology
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+AU
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:AU+USA+EU
Howaregalaxiesassembledandhowdotheyevolve?
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TheBigQues<onsinAstronomy:USA+AU
NobelPrizeinPhysics2011BrianP.Schmidt,Australia
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20h[p://blogs.estadao.com.br/herton-escobar/receita-para-o-brasil-ganhar-seu-primeiro-nobel-paciencia-e-planejamento-estrategico/
Nocasoespecíficodaastronomia,osenhorachaqueoBrasilprecisavirarsóciodoESOparasercompe<<vo?Absolutamente.Paraterimpactonaastronomia,assimcomoemoutrasáreasdaciência,éprecisoterbonspesquisadores.Eessespesquisadoresprecisamteracessoàmelhorinfraestruturadepesquisapossível.
NaAustrália,ondejásefazastronomiadesdeadécadade1940,nossaprioridadenúmerouméentrarparaoESO,justamenteporisso.Porqueparasercompe,,vonaastronomiavocêprecisateracessoaumagrandevariedadedeinstrumentos,paraumagrandevariedadedeaplicações.
RecipeforBrazil’sfirstNobel:Pa,ence&strategicplanning
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21
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CaltechNobelPrizes• 31recipients,32Nobelprizes• Verysmallins,tu,on<<<USP• 294professorialfaculty,978undergrad,1253grad
• 1inevery10000peoplegetsaNobelprizeatCaltech(needstobechecked)
• ASTRONOMY:26faculty+5emeritus• OperatesthePalomarobservatory(5mtelescope,thelargestintheworldforseveraldecades)
• Keckobservatory,largesttelescopes(2x10m)• Accesstofewmonths/yearat2x10mtelescopes
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USP:ZERONobelprizesBrazil:ZERONobelprizes
• Hugeins,tu,on• 5732faculty,56998undergrad,25591graduate• <<<1/106peoplegetsaNobelprizeatUSP• LargestastronomydepartmentinBrazil• ASTRONOMY:33faculty+2reNredwithcontract• OperatestheValinhosobservatory(~30cm)• Accesstoafewnights/yearwithGemini(8m)–incompe,,onwithallBraziliancommunity
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AnothergoodexampleofCaltech,theCaltechhonorcode:
"NomemberoftheCaltechcommunityshalltakeunfairadvantageofanyothermemberoftheCaltechcommunity.”
24
Observa<onalAstrophysicshonorcode:
Behonest
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h[p://www.caltech.edu/news/caltech-kicks-14-billion-fundraising-campaign-630
252002-2008
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h[p://www.caltech.edu/news/caltech-kicks-14-billion-fundraising-campaign-630
262002-2008
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27h[ps://fundraisingenlauniversidad.wordpress.com/2015/04/01/mejores-prac,cas-de-fundraising-en-universidades-extranjeras/
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Observa,onalsystem
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Lightcollector(e.g.,lens,mirror)
Detector(e.g.,eye,CCD)
Op<calsystem/instrumenta<on