age of absolutism 16th – 19th century
DESCRIPTION
study guide for Age of Absolutism assessment.TRANSCRIPT
- 1. Age of Absolutism 16th 19th Century Civitella
2. Key Terms
- Absolute Monarchy
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- Ruler with complete authority (over people/government)
- Divine Right
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- Authority to rule came from God
3. Overview of Spanish Monarchy
- Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
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- 15 thcentury
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- Catholic
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- Brought stability and greatness to Spain
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- Oversaw Columbus expeditions
- Charles V
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- 16 thcentury
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- Grandson of Isabella & Ferdinand
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- Married 1 stcousin Isabella of Portugal
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- Ruler of Spain and Holy Roman Empire
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- Catholic
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- Gave up crown for monasterynow what ?
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- Passes legacy onto Son Phillip
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4. Overview of Spanish Monarchy continued
- Phillip II
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- Mid-late 16 thcentury
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- Catholic
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- It is best to keep an eye on everything
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- Verymethodicalandmeticulous
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- Performed with order
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- Extreme care to minor detail
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- Saw himself as guardian of Catholic Church
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- Relied on Inquisition to halt the Reformation
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- Expanded Spanish empire
5. 6. Spanish and The Netherlands Relations
- The Netherlands
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- Spanish territory
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- Strong Protestant representation
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- Eventually breaks away from Spanish rule & declares itself independent
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- The Netherlands were getting help from Protestant England
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- Spain sendsArmadato stop insurrection
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- Spanish navy; most powerful in all the world
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- 130 ships; 20,000 men; 2,400 pieces of artillery
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- English navy + horrible storms = armada defeat
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- End of Spanish naval glory?
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7. Downfall of Spain
- Late-17 thcentury Spain was shell of former self
- Economy was drained
- Ineffective rulers
- Rise in power of France and England
8. Overview of French Monarchy
- Louis XIV
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- Late-17 thcentury
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- I am the state
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- Ruled for 72 years
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- Great-grandson of Phillip II
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- Firm believer in divine right
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- Sun King
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- Built strong army
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- CreatedVersaillesas symbol of power
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- Palace outside of Paris; the most magnificent building in Europe
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- Kings home and seat of government
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9. 10. Downfall of France
- King Louis XVI
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- Late-18 thcentury
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- Only king of France to be executed
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- Bad with $$$
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- King during the French Revolution
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- Neglected his people/abused his power
- King Louis death leads to end of Absolute monarchy
11. Overview of British Monarchy
- Parliament
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- Legislative governing body
- James I
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- Stuart
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- Early 17 thcentury
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- From Scotland
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- Believed in divine right/absolutism
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- Battled Parliament for power
- Charles I
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- James son
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- Mid-17 thcentury
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- Dissolved Parliament and ruled as absolute ruler for 11 years
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- Angered Puritans; seemed a Catholic supporter
12. English Civil War & Revolution
- Charles I recalls Parliament for funding
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- Parliament upset with Charles I try to limit his power =English Civil War
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- CavaliersversusRoundheads
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- Supporters of the King
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- Supporters of Parliament led byOliver Cromwell
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- Puritan military leader; Lord Protector of England post-Civil-War
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- Charles I executed by Parliament
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- England enters kingless decade
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- Oliver Cromwell dies 1658 ending the kingless decade
13. English Civil War & Revolution continued
- Cromwells death + Puritans losing control = return to monarchy
- James II
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- Charles II brother (Charles II = Charles I son)
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- People feared James would restore the Catholic church
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- Catholic supporter
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- Believed in absolutism
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- Parliament becomes worried and calls for help
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- Parliament reaches out toWilliam of Orangeand wife Mary (James II daughter)
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14. English Civil War & Revolution continued
- Glorious Revolution
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- Late 17 thcentury
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- James II leaves England for France
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- William and Mary take over as King and Queen
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- No bloodshed
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- Creation ofBill of Rights
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- Creation ofConstitutional Monarchy
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- Monarchs governing alongside Parliament with Parliament having ultimate power
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- Power lies in Parliament
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- Monarchy cant interfere with Parliament
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- No Catholics allowed to sit on throne
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- Trial by jury
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- Habeas corpus
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- Must be charged before being imprisoned
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15. Overview of Russian Monarchy
- Peter Romanov
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- Peter the Great
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- Tsar
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- Russian equivalent of king
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- 10 years old when taking throne
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- Late 17 thcentury
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- Wanted towesternizeRussia
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- Traveled Europe & brought back experts in intellectual fields
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- Copy western ideas (Europe/United States)
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- Adopted feudalism
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- Tortured and killed those who defied him
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- See video on Peter the Greathere .
16. Overview of Russian Monarchy continued
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- Created powerful army
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- St. Petersburg his city
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- Expanded Russian empire
- Catherine
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- Catherine the Great
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- Mid-18 thcentury
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- German princess married Peter III age 15
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- Peter III murdered making Catherine Queen
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- Embraced western ideas like Peter the Great
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- Education = important
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- Expanded empire
17. Downfall of Russia
- Russian Revolution
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- During World War I 1917
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- Monarchy collapses in favor of Communism
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