Age of Exploration: Glory, God and Gold

Voyages and Adventures

America 1500

ASIAASIAEUROPEEUROPENORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICA

SOUTHSOUTH AMERICAAMERICA

AFRICAAFRICA

ANTARCTICAANTARCTICA

AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA

Atla

ntic

Atla

ntic O

cean

Oce

an

Pacific OceanPacific Ocean

Indian OceanIndian Ocean

Arctic OceanArctic Ocean

Number your paper from 1 to 11. Match the name of the ocean or continent with the number and write it on your paper. Use the word bank below.

Word Bank

AfricaAntarctica

Arctic OceanAsia

Atlantic OceanAustraliaEurope

Indian OceanNorth AmericaPacific OceanSouth America

11

22

33 44

55

66

77

88

99 1010

1111

Why did Europeans decide to Why did Europeans decide to sail the seas?sail the seas?

Why did Europeans decide to Why did Europeans decide to sail the seas?sail the seas?

1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.

4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.

5. Technological advances.

6. Fame and fortune.

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe(1532)

Better Maps [Portulan]

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

Caravel Ship

Prince Henry the Navigator

To bring Portugal more trade and power and to spread Christianity, this prince sponsored expeditions beyond the safety of the Mediterranean.

Set up schools that taught people how to sail.

Glory, God or Gold?

What's Beyond Africa

The Portuguese yearned to find a sea route to India to prevent Arab “middlemen” who controlled overland routes, keeping prices of pepper and other spices high by keeping supplies low.

Glory, God or Gold?

Bartholomeu DiasA fierce, 13 day storm blew his ship off course rounding the tip of Africa. He only realized how far he had gone when the skies cleared.

He became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa. (The Cape of Good Hope)

Vasco da Gama

In his first voyage, da Gama managed to reach Calicut in India (his goal) and sail home.

The ruler of Calicut, told da Gama: “The devil take ye!” and was scornful da Gama had not brought valuable presents.

Da Gama’s Second Trip

Da Gama left better prepared the second time, with 14 well armed ships instead of two. Priests and religious processions sent him off with blessings. But he didn’t bring gifts:

He demanded surrender of all valuables from a ship filled with 380 Muslim pilgrims. When they delayed he took the valuables—22,000 ducats ($100,000 today) worth—then burned the ship and everyone on it.

At Calicut, he seized a fishermen and traders in the harbor, hanged them, cut up their bodies, and sent the hands, feet, and heads to the haughty Samuri. He left 5 ships of soldiers to secure the trading city.

Glory, God or Gold?

In 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail across the Atlantic Ocean in search of the Indies. He had spent much time trying to convince King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for the ships that would have him bringing them all of the finest riches in India.

The King and Queen finally agreed and gave Columbus three ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. After a difficult voyage, Columbus and his three ships landed. Believing he had landed in India he named the native people there Indians. Columbus actually landed on an island south of North America, known as San Salvador.

Christopher ColumbusStrengths:

Belief in self and abilitiesFaith in his idea of reaching the Indies and China

by sailing WestAbilities as a sailorLuck

Weaknesses:Belief in self and abilities— made him arrogant and

cruel to crew and nativesFaith in his idea of reaching

the Indies and China by sailing West—made him foolhardy in holding to the idea he’d reached the Indies.

SpainSpain

San SalvadorSan Salvador

Columbus’s 4 voyages

1st Voyage- was a success, Columbus found new land (which he thought was India)

2nd Voyage- This time had 17 ships and 1200 men, 300 men starved, and all of his ships were destroyed by a hurricane. Is able to scrap build 2 ships and limps back home to Spain.

3rd Voyage- 6 ships this time, Columbus meet unfriendly Indians. Also, his ships became worm eating in the tropical waters of the Caribbean. (lack of tar)

4th Voyage- sails one last time but basically finds no riches. In the eyes of the Nobility of Spain his voyages were a large waist of money. Columbus is defeated and returns to Europe a depressed man

Juan Ponce de LeonJuan Ponce de LeonPonce de Leon sailed for

SpainHe went looking for the

Fountain of YouthHe was the first European

to land on the peninsula of Florida

Ponce de Leon explored the area that later became St. Augustine, the first Spanish settlement in the New World

Ponce de Leon’s Journey

FloridaFlorida

Spain

Ferdinand Magellan

Inspired by a friend who was both astrologer and cartographer, Magellan determined he could circumnavigate the globe.

Rejected by his native Portugal, he gained funding and patronage from Spain.

He set out to accomplish Columbus’ goal, to reach the Indies and China by sailing West

Magellan’s Voyage

Although the voyage is attributed to Magellan, he did not succeed in the circumnavigating globe. He was killed on the island of Mactan.

Magellan’s Death

On an island in the Philippines, a native chieftain pretended to be Christian to enlist Magellan’s aid to fight a neighboring chieftain.

Once on the island, Magellan was attacked by the chief and his men. He was repeatedly wounded by natives armed with poisoned arrows, spears and scimitars. He could have retreated and saved himself, but covered his fleeing men, fighting while the rest rowed back to the ships.