AGEH 27: Evergreen OrnamentalsShasta Campus,

City Hall and Cypress Square

Arctostaphylos viscidaWhitelaf Manzanita

Arctostaphylos viscidaWhiteleaf Manzanita

• Native to California and Oregon

• In foothills and conifer forest

• Stems of flowers and fruits sticky

• Manzanita is Spanish for Little Apple

• Native Americans used seeds to make cider

The species name is derived s from the Sanskrit term devadāru, which means "wood of the gods", a compound of deva (god) and dāru (wood, tree). This tree is sacred to Hindus, and is the national tree of Pakistan.

Cedrus deodara, Deodar cedar

pine family, Pinaceae

Cedrus deodara, Deodar cedar

pine family, Pinaceae • Large tree, native to

Himalayas• Needs full sun and moderate

water• True cedar: needles sharp, in

tufted clusters on short side shoots; cone upright, disintegrates when mature

• Droopy leader

Cotoneaster horizontalis rockspray cotoneasterrose family, Rosaceae

•Stiff, angular habit•Low to medium ground cover or espalier

Cotoneaster horizontalis rockspray cotoneaster

Cotoneaster horizontalis rockspray cotoneaster

• ID: white to pink flowers, red berries, no thorns

• ID: small shiny, entire leaves, herringbone pattern of leaves and stiff side branches

Cupressus arizonica, Arizona cypress Cypress family, Cupresssaceae

Cupressus arizonica, Arizona cypress

• Very drought tolerant, but will tolerate moderate water

• Reluctant to burn (this is good)

• Mass for windbreak or screen• Resists cypress canker• Form ‘Blue Ice’ (shown) and

others

Eriobotrya japonica, loquat rose family, Rosaceae

Eriobotrya japonica, loquat

• 15-30 ft high and wide, full sun to part shade, moderate to regular water (more water if growing for fruit)

• good in containers or espaliered

• subject to fireblight• if planting for fruit, buy a

named form, and check to see if a second tree is needed for pollination.

Eriobotrya japonica, loquat

• ID: leaves rusty-woolly underneath, ovate, toothed, with obvious pinnate veins

• Blooms in winter; white flowers in pyramid-shaped clusters, fragrant

• Fruit a pome, ripening in spring, apricot-colored

FireblightBacterial disease affecting pome-producing members of the rose family (apple, pear, loquat, quince, cotoneaster, pyracantha)Shoots blacken and die, appearing burned; appears in moist spring weather.Disinfect pruners after every cut, remove damaged material 8 inches below the blighted tissue.

Eucalyptus camuldulensis,

red river gum, Myrtaceae

Large tree, to 150 ft. tall; adult leaves slender, lance-shaped; “unimportant” pale flowers; “a tree for skylines”

In hot years, leaves have “lerp psyllid” insect tents on leaves

Parasitoid wasp of red gum lerp psyllid

Red gum lerp psyllid Lerp psyllids are small insects that suck sap from leaves; nymphs look like tents, excrete honeydew which makes sooty mold; cause leaf drop; discovered in S. Cal in 1998, attack many eucalypts

Parasitoid wasps have been released to control psyllids, so do not spray trees

Eucalyptus polyanthemos silver dollar gum

myrtle family, Myrtaceae

• Juvenile leaves rounder, adult leaves more lance-shaped; susceptible to wind and snow

• Leaves one per node (alternate) with a definite petiole (leaf stalk)

• Flowers white• Prune if you want juvenile

foliage• Bark is fibrous, brown

Eucalyptus polyanthemos silver dollar gum

myrtle family, Myrtaceae

Heteromeles arbutifoliatoyon, hollywood

rose family (Rosaceae)

Heteromeles arbutifoliatoyon, hollywood

rose family (Rosaceae)• Shrub native to CA, including

Redding area—common around Whiskeytown

• White flowers, red winter ‘berries’ (actually pomes)

• takes part to full shade

Heteromeles arbutifoliatoyon, hollywood

rose family (Rosaceae)

• ID: Leaf teeth point out, not forward; not painfully spiny to touch; margins flat, not wavy

• White flowers, red winter ‘berries’ (actually little pomes),

• Berries in pyramidal, not flat-topped clusters

Heteromeles arbutifoliatoyon, hollywood

rose family (Rosaceae)

• More ID: medium to large shrubs; branches erect, not arching

• New leaf growth not bright red

• Ten stamens per flower—photinias have 20 stamens per flower

This is the plant that the city of Hollywood was named after

Original Sign in 1920’s Sign as it looks today

Juniperus procumbens Japanese garden juniper

cypress family, Cupressaceae •Low spreading ground cover, blue-green

•Leaves are all awl-shaped, sharp

•procumbens means low, trailing, lying down

Mahonia lomariifolia, Chinese barberry

barberry family, Berberidaceae

Mahonia lomariifolia, Chinese barberry

barberry family, Berberidaceae•Native to China, Z 7-9 •Large “architectural” shrub, 6-12 x 6 ft, erect stems branch only slightly

•leaves compound, 19-41 very stiff, thick leaflets

•flowers midwinter•afternoon shade recommended, regular water

M. lomariifolia on left, M. aquifolium on right

Pinus sabinianaGray Pine

Pinus sabinianaGray Pine

• 3 needles in a bundle• Native Americans

used pine nuts for food

• Only known food of the catepillars of the gelechid moth

Pinus sabinianaGray Pine

• Found in foothills surrounding the central valley

Pinus wallichiana, Himalayan white pinepine family, Pinaceae

Pinus wallichiana, Himalayan white pinepine family, Pinaceae

• 50-ft. pine from the Himalayas (can reach 150 ft in the wild)

• Keeps branches to the ground

• 5-needles per bundle• long, soft, droopy needles

• cones like a small western white pine—long and narrow

Xylosma congesta, xylosma

flacourtia family, Flacourtiaceae

Xylosma congesta, xylosma

• Arborescent• Grown for shiny green

foliage• Alternate, ovate to

lanceolate, serrate leaves• Dioecious—flowers small,

in congested clusters, greenish

• Older plants with shaggy gray bark

Pinus halepensis, Aleppo pine, pine family, Pinaceae

Pinus halepensis, Aleppo pine, pine family, Pinaceae

•Mediterranean native, adaptable to poor conditions, “rugged character”

•Cone not armed•2 needles per bundle

Pinus mugo, Mugho pine, Pine family

Pinus mugo, Mugho pine, Pine family

• arborescent shrub pine, size varies• 2-needled • cones small, with prickle on each umbo• Native to Alps, Europe

Sequoiadendron giganteumGiant sequoia

Sequoiadendron giganteumgiant sequoia• awl-like leaves, • woody cones much larger than coast

redwood cones

Cycas revoluta, Sago “palm”

cycad family, Cycadaceae

NOT A PALM, A GYMNOSPERM

Sexes on separate plants, making either a pollen cone or seed cone

•Native to Japan, Z 8-24, hardy to 15 degrees, so grow where sheltered or in movable container, too much cold makes speckled foliage

•grows very slowly to 10 x10 ft; tough and tolerant, and even good for bonsai

•ID: feather leaf very flexible, deep green

Cycas revoluta, Sago “palm”

cycad family, Cycadaceae

•Cycads, including Sago “Palm” are extremely poisonous to animals (this includes humans) if ingested.

•Pets are at particular risk since they seem to find the plant very palatable.

•Clinical symptoms of ingestion will develop within 12 hours and may include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, seizures, liver failure.

•The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center estimates a fatality rate of 50 to 75 percent when ingestion of the Sago Palm is involved. 

Propagate cycads from pups Cut off or dig pups in late winterRemove leaves and allow to dryPot in well-draining mix, in a pot that matches size of pupRoots and leaves will take time to grow (18 mos)

www.rhapisgardens.com/sagos/sagopups.htm

Feather Palms(pinnately lobed fronds)

Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm palm family, Arecaceae

•Native to Canary Islands•Big, heavy trunked, to 60 ft.•Hardy to 20 degrees, tolerates seacoast conditions where warm enough

•Dying in Los Angeles; succumbing to Fusarium wilt, a fungal disease

•Brought to California by the Mission Fathers

• Fronds deep green with many leaflets

• no petiole --spiky leaflets all the way to base of frond

• Young fronds very stiff-spiny

Phoenix canariensis Canary Island date palm palm family, Arecaceae

• Young fronds very stiff-spiny!

Fan Palms(palmately lobed fronds)

Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean fan palmpalm family, Arecaceae

Clumping palm, to 20 x 20 ft Survives 0 degrees brieflyUse in containers, mass under trees, hedge; takes poor soil and strong winds, regular water

Chamaerops humilis, Mediterranean fan palm

“piranha teeth”

Chamaerops humilis

Mediterranean fan palm

ID: fan leaves cut at least 2/3 of way to stalk—palmately lobed

teeth on frond stalk are long and widely-separated (piranha teeth)

Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm

palm family, Arecaceae

Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm

palm family, Arecaceae

• Tall plant, to 100 ft., trunk slim and maybe curved, compact head of foliage, good for large properties, avenues, parkways

• Hardy to 20 degrees; damaged in the cold winter, but OK if in ground

Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palm

• ID: Palmate leaf divided about 1/3 to ½ of way to leaf stalk

•Leaf stalk heavily toothed, teeth often golden (“shark tooth”)

Most widely grown palm tree

“ Washingtonia palms are well known for being a large apartment complex for all sorts of vermin from rats and mice, spiders and scorpions and all sorts of birds”

Washingtonia robusta, Mexican fan palmpalm family, Arecaceae

Pinus pinea, Italian stone pinepine family, Pinaceae

Needles in bundles of two, but juvenile foliage on potted Christmas trees

Pinus pinea, Italian stone pinepine family, Pinaceae

• Thick trunk with umbrella of branches, curved canopy

• cone heavy like a stone, with scales round-tipped

• tolerates heat and salt, makes pine nuts, good for largish gardens

• Pine depicted in Renaissance paintings of Italy

Pinus pinea, Italian stone pinepine family, Pinaceae

Euryops pectinatus, yellow bush daisy, sunflower family, Asteraceae

• Native to South Africa• Blooms all winter in

warmer microclimates around Redding

• Hardy to maybe 16 degrees

• Cut back in late spring to keep compact form

Euryops pectinatus, yellow bush daisy, sunflower family, Asteraceae

• ID: leaf deeply cut—’pectinate’ like a comb

•Long-stemmed single yellow daisy heads

Cupressus sempervirens, Italian cypress

cypress family, Cupressaceae

Cupressus sempervirens, Italian cypress

cypress family, Cupressaceae

Ligstrum japonicum Privet

Ligustrum japonicum Privet

• Native to Northern China, Korea and Japan

• Excellent for hedges, screens and topiary