ageing population the uk
TRANSCRIPT
7/29/2019 Ageing population the UK
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Lesson 10 – problems with ageing
populations.
Case study 4: The UK
Learning Objectives:• To be able to explain the impacts of ageingpopulations.
• To suggest some solutions to these problems.
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What shape would you expect a
population pyramid to be for the
UK?
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Dependency Ratio
This is equal to the number of non-workingage people per member of the working
population.
• A dependent person is anyone who doesnot earn enough money to be independent
ie they rely on others.
• Eg if there are 3 retired people and 2children per working person the
dependency ratio would be 5:1
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Dependency Ratio
Can be calculated by:
(pop aged 0-14) + (pop aged 65+)
Pop aged 15-65
Is this accurate for theUK?
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Real dependency ratio
Economically ACTIVE Vs INACTIVE• For example, many people aged 16-65 are
effectively economically inactive
• Students
• People on Sickness and disability allowance
• Long term unemployed (given up looking for work)
• Early retirement
• Mothers (or fathers) looking after children at home
• Note: The unemployed are still counted aseconomically active, if they are actively seekingwork. However, if they have given up looking for work, then they are counted as inactive.
• Similarly some people over 65 may still be working
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What is happening?
• Babies in the UK are living longer and therefore
life expectancy is increasing.
WHY?
• The UK population is still growing but onlyslowly.
• However, by 2021, 19% of the UK population will
be pensioners - Old dependants.• The reason is due to the baby boom after the
Second World War
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The Future
Dependency ratios are falling.
This means less and less working age people
per old dependent.
year 1990 2010 2030 2050
Dep
Ratio
5:1 4:1 3:1 2:1
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Problems of ageing populations......
Ageing Populations(MEDC)
Growing Populations(LEDC)
Competition for work
Lack of resources
Pressure on healthcare
and education systems
Congestion and
overcrowding
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What can be done to combat the
problems of ageing populations
• Raise retirement ages – people work longer.
• Encourage working migrants to the UK – to fill ingaps in labour market.
• Employ more community nurses and carers tolook after the elderly at home.
• Provide incentives to have children – they paypeople in France.
• Increase taxes to pay all the pensions.• Encourage people to stay in employment after
retirement….. B&Q.
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All these strategies are designed to
re-balance the dependency ratio
EconomicallyActive
EconomicallyDependent
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TASK
Use the information from the video clip and
from page 143 in the book to complete the
case study sheet.
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Card Sort – Copy the table below and in pairs
discuss and try to sort the statements into the
correct column
MEDC BOTH LEDC
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Alternatively….
France – encouraging births,
• Free/subsidised child care
• tax benefits
• paid parenting leave for men and women
• full time schooling starts at three-allowingparents to go back to work earlier, thus payingmore tax
• Women with bigger families (more children) cantake early retirement
• All designed to create a favourable dependencyratio in the future.
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Homework
• Complete the worksheet by colour coding
the population solutions
• Which apply to LEDCs and Which to
MEDCs
• Choose your top three solutions for each
and be ready to justify your decision at the
start of next lesson.