Agenda: 3/10

To predict properties of an element using Periodic Trends (Reactivity and Bonding)

Warm-up: Reviewing trends: sketch PT showing trends Predicting properties based on trends

Practice Video

Using Electronegativity to determine type of bonds

What are the Trends on the Periodic Table?

Periodic Table

Increases

Incr

ease

s

Decreases

Decreases

Label the trends

Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic

Table : Size; IE; EN

Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne

Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic

Table : Size; IE; EN

Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne

Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic

Table : Size; IE; EN

Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne

Predicting Properties using the PT How does the organization of the Periodic Ta

ble help us make predictions?

https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/periodic-table

14 minutes Starts with low reactivity metals: copper, silver & gold Very reactive metals Non-metals

Compounds & Bonds – Unit 5

Why do atoms bond to form compounds?

How are bonds formed?

How do we represent compounds (names and formulas)?

Chemical Bonds Review sources http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/

chp02/02020.html http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/

directory.shtml http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-science-of-mac

aroni-salad-what-s-in-a-mixture-josh-kurz

Bonding Essentials Bonds are formed when valence electrons are

gained, lost or shared by atoms

There are 3 major types of bonds Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

Compounds are 2 or more atoms bonded together, with different properties than their elements.

Metals and Non-metals Act Differently

Atomic Theater Demonstrating bonding

Ionic – 2 students Covalent – 2 students Metallic – 4 students

Chemical Bonds http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-atoms-bond-g

eorge-zaidan-and-charles-morton

Electronegativity Ability of an atom in a compound to attract

electrons from another atom.

Difference between electronegativity of atoms is used to determine the bond type.

Electronegativity Differences Electronegativity Differences = ∆EN

O 3.2

Determining bond typeDetermine the absolutedifference (either + or -)

Type?O ___ - N____= _____ O ___ - O____=_____O ___ - H____=_____F____- Li ____=_____

Element EN

F 4.0 (4.1)

0 3.5

N 3.1

H 2.1

Li 1.0

Be 1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1H

2.1

2He

3Li

1.0

4Be1.5

5B

2.0

6C

2.5

7N

3.0

8O

3.5

9F

4.0

10Ne

11Na0.9

12Mg1.2

13Al1.5

14Si1.8

15P

2.1

16S

2.5

17Cl3.0

18Ar

19K

0.8

20Ca1.0

21Sc1.3

22Ti

1.5

23V

1.6

24Cr1.6

25Mn1.5

26Fe1.8

27Co1.9

28Ni1.9

29Cu1.9

30Zn1.6

31Ga1.6

32Ge1.8

33As2.0

34Se2.4

35Br2.8

36Kr3.0

37Rb0.8

38Sr1.0

39Y

1.2

40Zr1.4

41Nb1.6

42Mo1.8

43Tc1.9

44Ru2.2

45Rh2.2

46Pd2.2

47Ag1.9

48Cd1.7

49In

1.7

50Sn1.8

51Sb1.9

52Te2.1

53I

2.5

54Xe2.6

55Cs0.7

56Ba0.9

57La1.1

72Hf1.3

73Ta1.5

74W1.7

75Re1.9

76Os2.2

77Ir

2.2

78Pt2.2

79Au2.4

80Hg1.9

81Tl

1.8

82Pb1.9

83Bi1.9

84Po2.0

85At2.2

86Rn2.4

87Fr0.7

88Ra0.9

89Ac1.1

104Rf

105

Ha

106

Sg

107

Ns

108

Hs

109

Mt

110

Uun

111Uuu

112Uub

Electronegativity Values for ElementsCircle elements with highest & lowest value & label.Show trends for EN using arrows.

Electronegativity Learning Guide

Determine absolute differences Classify each bonding pair of elements as:

Ionic

Covalent If covalent, determine if the bond is: non-polar (∆ 0 – 0.3) or polar (∆0.4 – 1.7)

Types of BondsIonic CovalentMetallic

Ionic Bond Ionic Bond: formed with Bonds a __________ with a ____________

Valence electrons are ________________from the ___________ to the __________. Therefore, when the valence electron(s) are

transferred to the ____-______, the NM become _______ charged (a ________).

Ionic Bond∆EN = 1.8 – 3.2

Ionic bonds The electronegativity difference must be

equal to or greater than __________. Ionic bonds look like:

Na Cl

Opposite charges attract= electrostatic attraction

Formula unit

Like the attraction of magnets

Ionic compounds

Ionic bonds form ionic compounds. An ionic compound is composed of positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions that are combined so that the negative and positive charges are equal.

Note: Ionic compounds form lattice structures

Why do some atoms in formulas have subscripts and others do not?

Use electron dot notation to show bonds and compounds Lewis structures

Ionic Bonds – Transfer of electrons Show formula unit Strength of bonds (bond energy)

Using electron dot to show the transfer of electrons A metal must lose all its valence electrons A non-metal must gain enough valence electrons

to meet the Octet Rule.

Additional atoms (ions) of each type of element may be needed to form the correct compound.

Ionic Bonds & Compounds

Ionic Formula Ionic formula units: The charges of the atoms

in the compound must equal to zero. Na ion (Na ) and Cl ion (Cl )

_______ + ________ = 0

Na ion (Na ) and Ca ion (Ca ) _______ + ________ = 0

Ionic compound names Metal name + Non-metal (ide)

Prefix??

Note: will practice names & formulas after determining bonds

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Structure: Crystalline solidsMelting

point:Generally high

Boiling Point:

Generally high

Electrical Conductivity:

Excellent conductors, molten and aqueous

Solubility in water:

Generally soluble

Video: Discovery Ed Ionic bonds