agenda 3.4.10. q uiz … 1. define imperialism. 2. list the 4 major motives for european...
TRANSCRIPT
QUIZ…
1. Define imperialism.2. List the 4 major motives for European imperialism.3. List one Southeast Asian colony ruled by the
British.4. Define protectorate5. Who led the Filipino fight for independence?6. Was the Filipino fight for independence
successful?7. What is the difference between indirect and direct
control over colonies?8. List one negative impact of colonization on the
peoples of SE Asia.9. List one positive impact of colonization on the
peoples of SE Asia.10. T or F – early resistance movements in colonized
nations were largely successful
QUIZ ANSWERS…1. The extension of a country’s power over other lands.2. Economic motives, competition, desire to spread
Christianity and racism/Social Darwinism3. Singapore and Burma4. A political unit that depends on another government
for its protection.5. Emilio Aguinaldo6. No7. Indirect = colonized peoples ruled on behalf of the
colonizing countryDirect = local rulers were replaced by Western rulersList one negative impact of colonization on the peoples of SE Asia.
8. List one positive impact of colonization on the peoples of SE Asia.
9. T or F – early resistance movements in colonized nations were largely successful
AFRICA BEFORE IMPERIALISM
Before European colonization, Africa was divided into 100s of ethnic groups and languages
Many people in pre-colonial Africa practiced traditional religions (NOT one of the major world religions)
Powerful African armies, rough terrain and African-controlled trade networks prevented any European domination. Until…
NATIONS COMPETE FOR OVERSEAS EMPIRES
The Congo Sparks Interest – Scottish minister, David Livingstone
(1860s), went to the Congo looking for the mouth of the Nile
Livingstone stayed in the Congo and a guy named Stanley found him in 1871.
Stanley then got the Africans to sign treaties with the Europeans and gave the Congo River Valley to King Leopold II of Belgium
HYPOCRITICAL LEOPOLD Leopold said his main motivation for
colonizing the Congo was to stop the slave trade
Then Leopold licensed companies that exploited the Africans (what?)
Eventually the Congo was ruled by the whole Belgium government, and other European countries got jealous
Native laborers who failed to meet rubber collection quotas were often punished by having their hands cut off
Isn’t the white man awesome?
HYPOCRISY IN THE COLONIES
King Leopold II – his companies forced Africans to complete Forced labor High taxes Forced collection of
sap from rubber plants
MOTIVES DRIVING IMPERIALISM Economic – Industrial revolution.
Countries want more markets and more resources
Political – Countries had a strong sense of national pride
Social - Social Darwinism – “The survival of the fittest” – those who are wealthy and successful = more “fit” than others
Imperialism = the takeover of one country to dominate the economic, political and social life of that nation
CECIL RHODES
Thought Anglo-Saxons were the superior race
Made a butt ton of$$$$ by exploitingAfrican resources
FORCES ENABLING IMPERIALISM Europeans had a lot of advantages
Better technology – guns etc.Means to control an empire; railroads,
cables, steamers allowed close communication within a colony, and between the colony and the imperializing nation
Europeans were susceptible to malaria, but soon discovered a drug to cure it (quinine)
The varying languages and cultures in Africa caused the Africans to lack the unity and organization. Plus, they didn’t have good weapons
AFRICAN LANDS BECOME EUROPEAN COLONIES
Once the Europeans discovered gold in 1867 (in Sudan), and in 1886 (South Africa), the scramble for Africa began
Berlin Conference14 European nations met at the Berlin
conference in 1884-1885Agreed that any European nation could
claim land in Africa by notifying other nations of the claims and showing control over the area
RESULTS OF THE BERLIN CONFERENCE
Africa was literally divided up into European colonies
By 1914, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only two African territories free from European control.
DRAMA IN SOUTH AFRICA - ZULU WARRIORS
When the Zulu warriors were led by a guy named Shaka, they successfully fended the Europeans off
Shaka’s successors unable to defend themselves against superior British armies
THREE GROUPS CLASH
Africans, Dutch and British all crashed over African resources
Major fights = Zulu versus the British Boers (Dutch settlers) vs. the British Many Boers were forced to move north
in the “Great Trek” to avoid the British Once they got north, the Boers started
fighting with the Zulu and other Africans
THE BOER WAR
Between the Dutch and the British First modern “total war” with
commando raids and guerrilla warfare tactics. The British burned down Boer farms and imprisoned women and children in concentration camps
Britain won – 1902 the Boer territories were all ceded to the British