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AGENDA. Review What are rhetorical devices? Discuss class activity responses Rhetorical Appeals- TAKE NOTES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK Picket Signs Exit Slip. CONTEXT. The setting or specific set of circumstances in which a speech or text is created. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AGENDA
1. Review 1. What are rhetorical devices?
2. Discuss class activity responses
2. Rhetorical Appeals-TAKE NOTES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK
3. Picket Signs
4. Exit Slip
CONTEXTCONTEXT • The setting or specific set of The setting or specific set of
circumstances in which a speech circumstances in which a speech or text is created. or text is created.
• In the SOAPSTone strategy, this In the SOAPSTone strategy, this is called the OCCASION.is called the OCCASION.
• A question to ask when A question to ask when considering CONTEXT is considering CONTEXT is ““Why Why MUST the writer create this piecMUST the writer create this piece?e?””
PURPOSEPURPOSE • The writerThe writer’’s objective for creating s objective for creating
the piece. the piece.
• A question to ask when considering A question to ask when considering PURPOSE is PURPOSE is ““What does the writer What does the writer want to ACCOMPLISH?want to ACCOMPLISH?””
THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLETHE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE • The relationship between the three The relationship between the three
elements of the triangle help to elements of the triangle help to deepen our understanding of the deepen our understanding of the text. text.
SPEAK
ER
AU
DIEN
CE
SUBJECT
SPEAKERSPEAKER• What impression do
you want to make?
• How will you convince readers to believe you? (credibility)
• What do you have in common with the audience in order to create a bond with them?
AUDIENCEAUDIENCE• How much do they already How much do they already
know about your subject? know about your subject?
• What do they expect to see in What do they expect to see in this document? (format, this document? (format, diction, style)diction, style)
• What prejudices or pre-What prejudices or pre-conceptions might they have conceptions might they have about your subject?about your subject?
• What are their interests? What are their interests?
• What do they need to know? What do they need to know?
SUBJECTSUBJECT• What is your topic?
• What is the best organization or format to present this topic?
• How comfortable are you or your audience with this topic?
• What is prompting you to tackle this subject?
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Rhetorical Appeals • We have already utilized SOAPStone to
identify some of the characteristics of effective argumentation.
• As writers, we will use SOAPStone to maximize how we deliver our messages.
• We must also begin to address how to best target our audience, establish context, and represent ourselves in order to fit our purpose and subject.
• To achieve this “best,” we use Rhetorical Appeals.
Record in your notebook:
Rhetorical Appeals: Tools that help the writer make his or her argument more appealing to the audience.
Ethos / Pathos / Logos
Ethos = “ethical appeal”• How does the speaker present him or
herself?
• As an effective writer, you can control how your audience perceives you.
• Speakers often use allusions, quotes, and references to build their own ethos.
Ethos Example
Politicians. In politics, it’s all about perception. Consider how politicians use their appearance, dress, speaking characteristics, and mannerisms to affect how we perceive them.
Pathos = “emotional appeal”
• How well does the speaker appeal to the audience’s emotions?
• The emotions need to match the subject, purpose, and context.
• As writers, we need to consider how to manipulate our reader’s emotions.
• Emotional appeals can be effective or overwhelming - consider Hallmark commercials.
Pathos ExampleWedding speeches and eulogies. When
giving these types of speeches, the speaker is almost always aware of the audience’s expectations. For wedding speeches and toasts, the audience typically expects to be entertained and reminded of love. In a eulogy, the audience members are already emotional, and they expect the speaker to match their serious and sad state.
Logos = “logical appeal”
• How well does the speaker use his or her own text to make an effective argument?
• Is the argument rational and well-constructed?
• How well does the speaker support his or her thesis?
• Speakers will often use facts, statistics, and references to create logos.
Logos Example
Legal documents. Most effective laws and legal decisions rely heavily on logos. For example, within the United States’ judicial system, the punishment is supposed to fit the crime. Faulty logic may lead to unequal punishments, which is typically not tolerated.
EXIT SLIPEXIT SLIP• Think about major speeches often given to Think about major speeches often given to
large groups of people (ie Presidential large groups of people (ie Presidential addresses). In 7 sentences or more, write about addresses). In 7 sentences or more, write about how the use of rhetorical appeals in such cases how the use of rhetorical appeals in such cases may prove to be effective or ineffective.may prove to be effective or ineffective.
• 5 minutes.5 minutes.