agenda bell ringer review islam byzantine empire closure

Agenda

• Bell ringer• Review Islam• Byzantine Empire• Closure

Review

• What is the significance of the Shari’a?• How did urbanization and conversion prompt

accomplishments?• What was the role of women in Islamic

society? Slaves?• How did the migrations of Iranian scholars

center Islam on the madrasa and how did they contribute to the rise of Sufism?

Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

ESSENTIAL LEARNING: CHRISTIAN SOCIETIES EMERGE IN EUROPE(600-1200)

Objectives

• Evaluate the origins and effects of the schism in 1054.

• Describe the evolution of the Byzantine Empire from rise (or survival?) to fall.

• Identify cultural achievements of Byzantium.• Identify the contributions of Byzantine

missionaries to Russia.

Essential Questions

• What were the origins and effects of the schism in 1054?


• What were the cultural achievements of Byzantium?

• What did Byzantine missionaries contribute to Russia?

Target: The Byzantine Empire (600-1200)

• Christianity.• Continuation of Roman imperial rule and

tradition.• One ruler with absolute authority prevented

fall.• Arab invasions reduced population, wealthy

provinces, and power.• Turks threatened north and south.

• Schism in 1054– Mid-ninth century – patriarchs of Constantinople

challenged Roman papal jurisdiction and some Latin church practices.

– Formal break between the Latin and Orthodox churches.

• Society and urban life– Initial imperial authority and urban prosperity.– 6th century – “plague of Justinian” – 7th century – epidemics, loss of land to Muslims– Family-based military aristocracy by end of

eleventh century.

– Economics• Emperors set prices, organized grain shipments, and

monopolized trade in luxury goods.– May have slowed technological development and economic

innovation.

• Focus on Constantinople drained wealth from other cities.• No advanced farming technology.• Fell to the Ottomans in 1453.

• Cultural achievements– Hagia Sophia (“Sacred Wisdom”) cathedral– Preserved Greco-Roman civilization– Justinian’s Code– Missionaries influenced Russia with Cyrillic

alphabet, domed architecture, and Orthodox Christianity

Essential Questions





Agenda

• Bell ringer• Review Byzantine Empire• Early Medieval Europe• Closure

Review





Objectives

• Describe the role of Germanic kingdoms in western Europe after the fall of Rome.

• Identify the importance of the Carolingians.• Describe manorialism.• Describe feudalism.

Essential Questions

• What was the role of Germanic kingdoms in western Europe after the fall of Rome?

• What was the importance of the Carolingians?• What is manorialism?• What is feudalism?

Target: Early Medieval Europe (600-1000)

• Rise of kings, nobles, and chieftains changed legal and political landscape of western Europe.

• People sought protection of local lords.

• Carolingian family– Military effectiveness– Charlemagne encouraged Latin learning, set up

schools, helped spread Christianity.– Treaty of Verdun (843) divided into French-

speaking, Burgundy, and German-speaking regions.

• Vikings new threat to western Europe in 793.– Captains organized settlement of Iceland,

Greenland, and Vinland.– William the Conqueror invaded England in 1066 –

ended Anglo-Saxon domination of the island.

Map 10-2, p. 260

• Self-sufficient economy– Most cities lost population, some became villages.– Reliance on local resources.– Growth of Germanic cultural traditions because of

decline of literacy.

• Manorialism– Manors - self-sufficient farming estates– Many farmers gave land to large landowners in

return for political and physical protection. – Poor communication + no organized government =

landowners depended on own resources.– Serfs – agricultural workers belonged to the

manor.

• Early medieval society in the West– Men swore allegiance to war chiefs.• Increased use of mounted warriors.

– Feudalism• Kings and lords gave land to vassals in return for

military support from the knights.• Oversimplification.

– Most Germans fought on foot.– Knights• Stirrups.

– Since land was basis of wealth, needed financial support from land revenues.• Kings began to reward armed service with land grants

(fiefs)

– Lords provided governance and justice.– Church limited power of the monarch.

• Noblewomen– Marriage alliances affected entire kingdoms.– Little say in marriage matters.– Could own land, sometimes administered estates

when husbands were at war.– Non-noble women worked in the fields.

Essential Questions



Agenda

• Bell ringer• Review Islam (through umma)• Islam (to

Review



Objectives

• Describe the causes of the investiture controversy and explain how this illustrates the relationship between the Church and monarchs during the Middle Ages.

• Evaluate the role of monasteries.

Essential Questions

• What were the causes of the investiture controversy? How does this illustrate the relationship between the Church and monarchs during the Middle Ages?

• What was the role of monasteries?

Target: The Western Church

• Pope – head of the church in western Europe.• Missionaries spread Christianity to British Isles

and German lands.• Roman nobles lost control of the papacy.

– Obstacles to unifying church standards and practices – disagreements over regulations, lack of educated clergy, difficult communication, political disorder.

– Lingering polytheism, lax enforcement of prohibition of marriage of clergy, nepotism, and simony.

• Unifying forces – asserting legal jurisdiction over clergy, combating polytheism, calling on secular rulers to recognize pope’s authority.

• Politics and the church– Pope and kings both saw themselves as ultimate

authorities.– 962 – pope crowned the first Holy Roman

Emperor• Secular authority as guardian of Christian interests.

Little influence.

– Canon law gave pope legal jurisdiction over all clergy and church property.

– Investiture controversy – question over who held ultimate authority over bishops.• Concordat of Worms (1122) reduced tensions

• Monasticism– Monks and nuns lived in organized communities– Devotion, work, celibacy, poverty, obedience to

the abbot.– Preserved literacy and learning.– Missionaries.– Housed travelers.– Convents provided refuge for widows.

Essential Questions



Agenda

• Bell ringer

Review



Objectives

• Evaluate why power in Kievan Russia differed from power in western Europe during the Middle Ages.

• Describe the role of the Varangians in Kievan Russia.

• Evaluate the role of Vladimir I in making Orthodox Christianity the official religion of Kievan Russia.

• Identify Byzantine culture present in Kievan Russia.

Essential Questions

• Why did power in Kievan Russia differ from power in western Europe during the Middle Ages?

• What was the role of the Varangians in Kievan Russia?

• How did Vladimir I make Orthodox Christianity the official religion of Kievan Russia?

• What elements of Byzantine culture were present in Kievan Russia?

Map 10-3, p. 272

Target: Kievan Russia (900-1200)

• The Rise of the Kievan Empire– Geography • Frozen tundra, cold forest zone, more temperate forest,

mix of forest and steppe grasslands, grassland.• Several navigable rivers run north to south.

– Linguistic and territorial changes.• Most Germanic peoples migrated into eastern Europe

from Ukraine and Russia in Roman times.– Those who remained behind spoke eastern Slavic languages.

• Forest dwellers, farmers, and steppe nomads helped each other economically.

– Arrival of Varangians (Swedish Vikings).• Rus came to refer to the Slavic-speaking peoples ruled

by the Varangians.• Kiev controlled trade on Dnieper River, had contacts

with Byzantium.

– 980 - Vladimir I grand prince of Kievan Russia.• Converted to Orthodox Christianity, invited clerics and

missionaries.• Brought Cyrillic alphabet

p. 273

• Society and culture– Power from trade, not landholding.– Many cities little more than fortified trading posts,

but were centers for development of crafts.– Christianity spread, but there was some polytheist

rebellion.• Church became increasingly involved in politics and

economics.

Essential Questions





Agenda


Review





Objectives

• Describe the evolution of western Europe after 1000.

• Describe how new technologies contributed to economic revival.

• Evaluate the significance of northern Italian cities as well as Flanders.

Essential Questions

• How did western Europe evolve after 1000?• How did new technologies contribute to

economic revival?• What was the significance of northern Italian

cities as well as Flanders?

Target: Western Europe Revives(1000-1200)

• Slowly emerged from subsistence economy.• Population and agricultural production

increased.• Money-based economy returned.• Role of technology– Population increase.– New plow, efficient draft harnesses.– Horses.

• Cities and the rebirth of trade– Independent cities appeared first in Italy and

Flanders.• Lacking extensive farmland, turned to manufacturing

and trade.– Serfs free when they lived in the city for a year and a day.

– Ghent, Bruges, and Ypres in Flanders.• Fishing and wool trades.

– Coinage returned.

Map 10-4, p. 277

Essential Questions




Agenda


Review




Objectives

• Describe the causes of the Crusades.• Evaluate the impact of the Crusades on

western Europe.

Essential Questions

• What were the causes of the Crusades?• What were the impacts of the Crusades on

western Europe?

Target: The Crusades (1095-1204)

• Roots of the Crusades– Ambitious – land – Nobles – land and titles.– Italian merchants – increase trade and acquire

trading posts in Muslim territory – Holy Land had been under Muslim rule for 400

years.• Pilgrimages, generally protected by Muslims, but

conditions deteriorated.

• Council of Clermont (1095) – pope called on Christians to reclaim the Holy Land

p. 278

• Impact– Exposure to Muslim culture.• Eventually, Europeans learned to make pasta, paper,

refined sugar, colored glass, etc.• Many works brought back, eventually translated into

Latin and studied.– Transformed the intellectual world of the western Europeans.

Essential Questions

• What were the causes of the Crusades?• What were the impacts of the Crusades on

western Europe?

agenda bell ringer review islam byzantine empire closure

Documents

orthodox christianity

medieval europe closure

essential learning

essential questions

fall of rome

rise of sufism

th century epidemics

th century plague of