agents of disease
DESCRIPTION
Agents of Disease. Mrs. Pittaluga 8 th Grade Science. Viruses. http://www.examiner.com/article/swine-flu-h1n1-pandemic-should-not-mean-panic. H1N1 Virus. Characteristics. Nonliving Neither a prokaryote or an eukaryote Prokaryote – no nucleus or other defined organelles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Agents of Disease
Mrs. Pittaluga
8th Grade Science
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Viruses
H1N1 Virus
http://www.examiner.com/article/swine-flu-h1n1-pandemic-should-not-mean-panic
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Characteristics• Nonliving
• Neither a prokaryote or an eukaryote• Prokaryote – no nucleus
or other defined organelles
• Eukaryote – nucleus and defined organelles
Varicella Virus – Chicken Pox
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_zoster_virus
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Other Characteristics• Neither a heterotroph nor an autotroph• Reproduces by invading host cells• Two parts:
• Protective protein outer coat (called the capsid)
• Inner core that stores genetic material
• Because viruses are non-living, antibiotics are ineffective.• Immunizations help prevent viral infections• Anti-virals are typical method of treatment
(Tamiflu)
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Method of Infection• Invades a cell and reproduces inside the cell
until it splits open and destroys the cell• How Viruses Attack
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Common Viruses
• Common Cold• Flu – H1N1 (Swine Flu), Bird Flu (H5N1)• HIV/AIDS• Chicken Pox/Shingles• Polio• Rabies
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Bacteria• Living
• Prokaryote – no nucleus
• Single celled organism
• Good and bad bacteria
http://www.terrebonneonline.com/b2eukpro.htm
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Other Characteristics• Both heterotrophs and autotrophs
• Heterotrophs gain their food from other organisms or from food other organisms make.
• Autotrophs gain their food by capturing and using the sun’s energy
• Rapid growth by means of either asexual (binary fission) or sexual reproduction (conjugation).
• Different shapes – spiral, round, rod-shaped• There are approximately five nonillion (5 x 1030) on Earth• The study of bacteria is bacteriology, a branch of
microbiology
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Shapes of Bacteria
• 3 primary shapes• Spherical (cocci/coccus)• Streptococcus (Strep
throat, Scarlet fever, pneumonia)
• Rod-shaped (bacilli/bacillum) – Most common shape• Salmonella• Lactobacillus acidophilus
(yogurt)• Spiral (spirilli/spirillum)• Cholera• Lyme Disease
http://www.desktopclass.com/education/fafsc/structure-of-bacteria-part-1-f-sc-biology-chapter-6.html
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Method of Infection• Some bacteria invade cells
directly
• Some bacteria produce toxins which damage cells
• Can be treated with antibiotics• Amoxicillin (Amoxil)• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)• Azithromycin (Zithromax)• Trimethoprim/
Sulfamethoxazole (Septra)Cholera Bacteria
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Diseases Caused by Bacteria
• Strep Throat
• Tuberculosis
• Anthrax
• Bubonic Plague
• E. Coli
• Necrotizing Fasciitis (“Flesh-eating bacteria”) – Streptococcus pyogenes
• Acidophilus (good bacteria) E. Coli Bacteria
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ProtistsThe Kingdom of Protists are kind of like the misfits. They contain a variety of characteristics that do not place them in any of the other kingdoms of life. (Monera – bacteria, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia)
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Protists• Living
• Eukaryotes – they do have a nucleus
• 3 primary types• Plant-like• Animal-like• Fungus-like
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Other Characteristics• Usually grow in wet
places
• Most are heterotrophs
• Three forms of movement• Flagella• Pseudopods• Cilia
• Some are parasites to humans
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Method of Infection• Drinking contaminated
water
• Eating contaminated food
• Sustaining an insect bite
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Diseases Caused by Protists
• Malaria (Plasmodium)
• Giardiasis (Giardia intestinalis)
• Amoebic dysentary (Entamoeba hystolica)
• African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma)
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Characteristics• Living• Eukaroyotes• Heterotrophs• Use spores to reproduce• Are decomposers• Live in damp, warm places• Some are parasites to
humans
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Classification of Fungi
Club Fungi Sac Fungi Zygote Fungi
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Methods of Infection• Spores from an infected person can survive
on damp surfaces (showers) and infect skin• Growth on skin:
• Asexual reproduction – budding• Sexual reproduction – Hyphae of two fungi
grow together and exchange genetic material
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Diseases Caused by Fungus
• Fungal Meningitis (not contagious)• Jock Itch –Tinea cruris
• Athlete’s foot• Ringworm
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Helminths
• Multicellular organisms with a physiology that is similar to humans so they are difficult to treat
• Diseases include:• Schistosomiasis (caused by the Schistosoma
flatworm)• Trichinosis (caused by the Trichinella spiralis
roundworm)• Guinea worm disease (caused by Dracunculus
medinensis roundworm)
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Prions
• New classification of pathogen (last few decades)
• Infectious Proteins• Diseases include:
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans• Scrapie in sheep• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (“mad
cow disease”) in cattle