agilent_3g_rnc.pdf

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1300 1320

1320 1330

1330 1430

1430 1450

1450 1550 Agilent UMTS Troubleshooting and Optimization System

1550 1650 Triple Play

1650 1700


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NSTO Mobile Field Training Agilent Restricted

February 2006Page 3

3GPP UMTS Release Evolution

Release 99 : Initial 3GPP release in 1999, also called as Release 3 ATM based UTRAN, uses GSM/GPRS core networkRelease 4 Big changes in core network Uses VoIP technology and Soft Switch Architecture (Separate the MSC

into MSC server and MGW) Support for GERAN (GSM/Edge RAN)Release 5 Implement IP based UTRAN Support for HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) Core network is upgraded to IMS architectureRelease 6 Support for HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access), etc.


February 2006Page 4

UMTS Roadmap


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February 2006Page 5

Agenda

3GPP UMTS Release Evolution UMTS Network Architecture

3GPP Protocol Model

Key UMTS Technology Concepts


February 2006Page 6

UE

UE


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February 2006Page 7

Node BUU

Node B

Node B

Node B

UU

UE


February 2006Page 8

RNCIub

RNC

Node B

Node B

Node B

Iub

UU

UE


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February 2006Page 9

RNS

RNC

Node B

Node B

Node B

Iub

RNSUU

UE


February 2006Page 10

RNCIur

RNC

Node B

RNC

Node B

Node B

Iub

Iur

UU

UE


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CS CoreIuCS

RNC

Node B

RNC

CoreCircuit Switched (CS)

Node B

Node B

Iub

Iur

UUIuCS



PSTN Connectivity

RNC

Node B

RNC


PSTNCS networks

Node B

Node B

Iub

Iur

UUIuCS


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PS CoreIuPS

RNC

Node B

RNC


Packet Switched (PS)

PSTNCS networks

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

UUIuCS



Internet Connectivity

RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

UUIuCS


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MSC

RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

UUIuCS



HLRC

RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

HLR AuC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

CUUIuCS

Subscriber location information

Subscriber services


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VLR

RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

HLR AuC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

CUUIuCS

VLR



GMSCD, E, G, Nc

RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

HLR AuC

GMSC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

C D

E, G, Nc

UUIuCS


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SS7 Core Physical Architecture

RNC

Node B

RNC


MSC

HLR

GMSC

Node B

Node B

Iub

Iur

UUIuCS

STPSTP

SGSN



GSNGs, Gr

RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

GSN

HLR AuC

GMSC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

C D

E, G

Gr

Gs

UUIuCS

GSN


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RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

SGSN

HLR AuC

GMSC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

C D

E, G

Gr

Gs

UUIuCS

SGSNGs, Gr

Mobility ManagementSession ManagementBilling



RNC

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

SGSN

HLR AuC

GGSN

GMSC

Node B

Node B

Iub IuPS

Iur

Gn Gi

C D

E, G

Gr Gc

Gs

UUIuCS

GGSNGn, Gi, Gc

Edge routing

FirewallBilling


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ATM Infrastructure in UTRAN

RNC ATM

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSC

SGSN

HLR AuC

GGSN

GMSC

Node B

Node B

ATM

Iub Iu

IuPSIur

Gn Gi

C D

E, G

Gr Gc

Gs

UUIuCS



MSC Server and MGW (R4)Mc

RNC ATM

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSCServer

SGSN

HLR AuC

GGSN

GMSCServer

MGW MGW

Node B

Node B

ATM

Iub Iu

IuPSIur

Gn Gi

C D

E, G, Nc

Gr Gc

Gs

Mc

UU

Nb

IuCS


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HSS

RNC ATM

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networks

MSCServer

SGSN

HSS

GGSN

GMSCServer

MGW MGW

Node B

Node B

ATM

Iub Iu

IuPSIur

Gn Gi

C D

E, G, Nc

Gr Gc

Gs

Mc

UU

Nb

IuCS



GERAN



PSTNCS networks

InternetPS networksSGSN

HSS

GGSN

GMSC

BSCBS Abis

Gb

A

Gn Gi

C D

E, G

Gr Gc

Gs

VLR

MSC


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GERAN and UTRAN

RNC ATM

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks


HSS

GGSN

GMSCServer

MGW MGW

Node B

Node B

ATM

BSCBS

Iub Iu

IuCS

IuPSIur

Abis

Iurg

Gb

A

Gn Gi

C D

E, G, Nc

Gr Gc

Gs

Mc

UU

Nb

VLR

MSCServer



SART Solution

RNC ATM

Node B

RNC



PSTNCS networks


HSS

GGSN

GMSCServer

MGW MGW

Node B

Node B

ATM

BSCBS

Iub Iu

IuCS

IuPSIur

Abis

Iurg

Gb

A

Gn Gi

C D

E, G, Nc

Gr Gc

Gs

Mc

UU

Nb

VLR

MSCServer

Mc


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TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model

Control Plane User Plane



RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model



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RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model


System Network Layer (NAS: Non Access Stratum)




RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model


Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)


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RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model


Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)

Transport NetworkControl Plane




RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model



Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)


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RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model



ALCAP(s)

Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)




RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model



ALCAP(s)

Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

TransportUser

NetworkPlane


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RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model



ALCAP(s)

Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

ApplicationProtocol



RadioNetwork

Layer

TransportNetwork

Layer

3GPP Protocol Model



ALCAP(s)

Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

TransportUser

NetworkPlane

ApplicationProtocol

DataStream(s)



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3GPP Protocol Model

ApplicationProtocol

DataStream(s)

ALCAP(s)

TransportNetwork

Layer

Physical Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

TransportUser

NetworkPlane


TransportUser

NetworkPlane


RadioNetwork

Layer

SignallingBearer(s)

DataBearer(s)

System Network Layer (NAS: Non Access Stratum)MM, GMM, CC,SM, SS, SMS

NBAPRANAPRNSAP

ATM UNI and NNIStacks, or IP/EthernetStacks

RRCRLCMAC



Radio Network Control Plane

Node BDRNC SRNC MSC/SGSN

Transport Network

Iub Iur Iu

NBAP RNSAP RANAP

Node BDRNC

UESRNC MSC/SGSN

UU

Transport Network

Iub Iur Iu

RRC RANAP

Node BDRNC

UESRNC MSC/SGSN

UU

Transport Network

Iub Iur Iu

RRC RANAP

NAS


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UMTS Key Protocols Radio Network Layer RRC Radio Resource Control

Setup, manage, release radio bearers. Control transport and physical channels.

Transport NAS from UE to Core (along with RANAP)NBAP Node B Application Protocol

Management of NodeB by RNC on the Iub. Setup of Radio Links. Dedicated measurement reports,downlink power control.

RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part

Signaling between UTRAN and Core on t he Iu. Manage Radio Access Bearers, SRNC Relocation,control security mode in the UTRAN

Transport NAS from UE to Core (along with RRC)

RNSAP Radio Network Subsytem Application Part

Signaling between two RNCs on Iur. Mobility procedures, setting up radio links on DRNC for controlby SRNC

RLC Radio Link Control

Data Link Layer transport for control plane (RRC) and user plane (PDCP) on UU and Iub.

Acknowledged, Unacknowledged, Transparent modes of operation.

MAC Medium Access Control

Maps RLC frames to logical radio channels. Designed for CS and PS services.MAC-common, MAC-dedicated, MAC-broadcast channels

Unacknowledged mode of operation.



UMTS Key Protocols - NAS

CC Call Control

Controls establishment and release of circuit-switched (CS) calls in the Core Network (CN) CS domain

SM Session Management

Controls establishment and release of Packet Data Protocol (PDP) sessions for packet data transfer in the CoreNetwork (CN) Packet-Switched (PS) domain

SS Supplementary Service

Controls the activation and deactivation of various supplementary services

SMS Short Message Service

Controls the delivery of short text messages to and from Ues

MM Mobility Management

Sub-layer to other NAS services to control mobility and authentication in the CS domainGMM GPRS Mobility Management

Sub-layer to other NAS services to control mobility of services in the PS/GPRS domain

Iub IuIub/IP


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Latest and Upcoming Technologies

IP UTRAN (IP-based UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)

HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access)

IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)

MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service)

UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)

GAN (Generic Access Network)

WiMax

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

Flash OFDM

MIMO (Multiple In, Multiple Out)

UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE): higher data rates, lower latency, QoS, IP



Agenda

3GPP UMTS Release Evolution

UMTS Network Architecture

3GPP Protocol Model

Key UMTS Technology Concepts


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Technology Concepts

Soft Handover Core Network (CN)

Iu

UTRAN

Iur is point-to-pointlogically but may notbe physically direct

MAP: GSM 09.02migrates to 3GPP 29.002

Iur

Node BNode B Node B

RNCRNS

Iub

RNS

IubIur

Node BNode B Node B

RNC

Mobility

Iur

ServingRNC

DriftRNC

EIR

HLR

SMSC

VLR

MSC

SGSN

Iu



Technology Concepts

Near-Far Effect

Node B

Total b/w is shared by users. Total limited power is divided among UE connections.

UE near the BS can dominate signal of UE far from BS

Careful power control is needed


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Technology Concepts

Closed and Open Loop Power Control

B

wr

RNC

Node B

Open Loop Power Control

Closed Loop Power Control

Inner Loop Power Control

Outer Loop Power Control



Technology Concepts

Micro-diversity

Node B

Rake filter shifts delay of signals from multiple paths andcombines signals


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Technology Concepts

Macro Diversity

RLC/MAC Reassembly

B

wr

SRNCNode B

Node B

Node BB

wr

DRNC

Core Network



Technology Concepts

Pseudo-RNC RLC/MAC Reassembly

RNC

With Pseudo- RNC feature,Signaling Analyzer is able toreassemble messages like whatRNC does, if SART ismonitoring all Iub (& Iur) links ofthe RNC.

With post-selection mechanismin place, it selects good CRCRLC/MAC PDUs from differentIub (&Iur) links and discardduplicated RLC/MAC PDUs.

It supports Iub/Iur deciphering iftraffic is ciphered.

NodeB1

NodeB2

UE

1 3 4

1 2 3 4

2 1 3 4

Bad CRC

Bad CRC

1 2 3 4

Iub

IubP-RNCselects thesePDUs andperformsreassembly

One message


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Technology Concepts

RNC

NodeB1

NodeB1

E1 (Iub1)

E1 (Iub2)

E1

E1

.

.

.

Load-sharing logical interfaces, such as Iub, Iur andIu indicates that non-user dedicated data can beexchanged between the network nodes, flexibly overany of the load sharing physical links (typically E1 forIub/Iur and STM1 for Iu).

While transport channels can be dynamicallyallocated on any of the load-sharing physical links,once allocated, dedicated user data can only beexchanged on the physical link on which it isallocated, unless explicitly specified, e.g. TransportChannel Reconfiguration over the Iub/Iur interface.

Each link could be monitored bySingle E1/T1 LIM or One port from an 8-port E1/T1 LIM

Iub Load Sharing



LA RA

URA

Technology Concepts

Location Area, Routing Area, UTRAN Registration Area, Cell

Cell Cell

Cell Cell

CellCellCell

Cell

URA Cell Cell

Cell Cell

CellCellCell

Cell

RA

URACell Cell

Cell Cell

CellCellCell

CellURA

Cell Cell

Cell Cell

CellCellCell

Cell


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Agilent UMTS Troubleshooting andOptimization System

Brian_Liu

Pre-sale AE886-917-672-065

[email protected]

Agilent UMTS Test Solution Agilent Restricted Page 2

UMTS Troubleshooting/Monitoring Requirements

- Fixed Installed Monitoring solution for Iu, Iub, Iur Interface

- 40 different locations each location includes 1-3 RNCs

- Each RNC has between 4 and 8 STM-1 interfaces

- STM-1 interface carry Iu/Iur and Iub traffic

- Remote Access up to 6 users in parallel

- Monitoring Purpose:

- flexible monitoring and troubleshooting 24/7 of a cell, call or RAN cluster

- Collect data for Optimization group

- KPI generation

- Post Analysis

- Auto Deciphering and NTP Synchronization between locations


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Agilent provides a Tactical Troubleshooting System withdistributed monitoring capability

Application is focus in Radio Access Network (RAN) in additionto Core Network (CN)

The tactical troubleshooting system has a strong monitoringcapability on Iub, Iur and Iu interface

Positioning


Overview

Commonly Used Monitoring Equipment

UMTS RANTactical

Troubleshootingand Monitoring

System

UMTS RANOptimization

and Drive TestPost

Processing

UMTS RANCluster

Analysis andKPI Generation

Return on Investment (ROI)


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Problem Analysis

Expected Problems in UMTS Network(Today)

10%

50%15%

20%5%

Mobile Station

Radio AccessNetwork

TransmissionNetwork

Core Network

Application

Common UsedMonitoringEquipment

UMTS RANTactical

TroubleshootingandMonitoring

System

UMTS RANOptimizationandDrive TestPost

Processing

UMTS RANClusterAnalysis

andKPIGeneration

ReturnonInvestment(ROI)


What we can show!

Minimizing error detection into minutes instead hours ---> lowercost per error case

Visualization of QoS KPI ---> optimization of network resources --->increasing ROI for RAN components

Increasing the efficiency network load by similar high QoS --->increasing of the total revenue through more customers by the samenetwork infrastructure


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Key DNA Features

Extended Iub, Iu, Iur, Gn, Gi Call Trace FunctionalityHigh Data Capture Performance

Extended Hardware Filter Options

From Top to Root Cause Troubleshooting

Perfect working Remote Control

Comprehensive Decode capabilities

Auto Iub / Iur AAL2 detection and configuration


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



High Density STM-1 Solution

4 Full duplex STM-1 interfaces in one DNA Rackmount and portable form factors PDH demux on up to 4 STM-1/OC-3 streams down for up to 63 x 4 = 252 VC12

E1 or 332 VC11 T1 streams for ATM capture only


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Call Manager

B

wr

RNC

ByNwos

MSC

Node B

ATM AGNode

IubIub

ByNwos

SGSNIu-CS

Iu-PC

ATM AGNode

Iu

Signaling Analyzer Server

Call Manager ClientCall Manager ClientCall Manager Client

Multi-User Client

Reporting

Call Manager

Multi-User


Summary - Platform

- Fixed Installed Monitoring System quick response to

troubleshoot problems in the network

- Short configuration time (Iub auto configuration)

- Monitoring System can be accessed from any place in the TMO

network if required

- The WAN network is not loaded through the monitoring system

- Multi-user SART -> Equipment sharing between different

organizations possible

- Call Manager -> Quick query and statistics in the millions ofcalls


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Overview Tactical Troubleshooting System


UMTS RANTactical


System


and Drive TestPost

Processing

UMTS RANCluster




Tasks of a Troubleshooting Department

- Analyze network issues based on the protocol level

- Analyze problems based on IMSI, Cell, Node B, RNC, Link

- Provide log files and problem description to vendor or

internal development organization (IOT group)

- Analyze problems over a short or long time frame

(sporadic problems)- Analyze problems under load conditions (capture

capabilities of RNC cluster, CT function)


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SWTraffic Overview

Traffic Overview

Indicate all or call relatedmessages time based

Decode all protocol layers

Indicates RLC/MAC PDUand RRC PDU

Flexible Column settings

Export Function to CSV


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SWCall Trace

Call Trace

Indicate each call in a single line

Flexible Column settings

Columns indicate KPI values

Export Function to CSV

Soft Handover Leg Indication

Iub, Iur, Iu, Gn, Gi call trace


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SWLine Graph

Line Graph:

The analyzer provides severalline graphs on Iub/Iur andstatistical analysis


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SWCall Trace Tool Tip


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SWCall Trace Configuration


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SWCall Trace Sequence Diagram


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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UMTS to GSM Handover Analysis

Only callswith HO from3G 2G inactive call

See a list ofCells wherethe HO takeplace from.


a)

b)

UMTS to GSM Handovers Call Flow


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c)

d)

e)

f)



g)


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What is SART Pseudo- RNC?

RNC

Prior to 4.8 release, Signaling Analyzerperforms UMTS RLC/MAC reassembly basedon VP/VC/CID. Due to macro diversityscenario, reassembled RRC/IP/H245messages are not 100% accurate most oftime.

With Pseudo- RNC feature, SignalingAnalyzer is able to reassemble messages likewhat RNC does, if SART is monitoring all Iub(&Iur) links of the RNC.

With post-selection machenism in place, itselects good CRC RLC/MAC PDUs fromdifferent Iub (&Iur) links and discardduplicated RLC/MAC PDUs.

It supports Iub/Iur deciphering if traffic isciphered.

NodeB1

NodeB2

UE

1 3 4

1 2 3 4

2 1 3 4

Bad CRC

Bad CRC

1 2 3 4

Iub

IubP-RNCselects thesePDUs andperformsreassembly

One message


How to use Pseudo-RNC? Off-line modeIf traffic is non-ciphered, using BufferPlayback function

If user selects Pre-RNC, SASE performsRLC/MAC reassembly as before, withRLC/MAC entities uniquely identified byphysical link characteristics.

If user selects Post-RNC, SASE performsPseudo-RNC RLC/MAC reassembly. PathID table must be setup correctly for Post-RNC reassembly to work.

If traffic is ciphered, auto-deciphering canbe performed in off-line mode with similaroptions for Pre and Post selectionreassembly. Path ID table must be setupcorrectly for auto-deciphering to work.

Click on it and it brings out this dialog box


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How to use Pseudo-RNC? Real-time mode

Using Real Time Deciphering function

If user selects Pre-Selection RNC (Iub/Iur) ,SART performs RLC/MAC reassembly anddeciphering if traffic is ciphered as before.

If user selects Post-Selection RNC(Iub/Iur) , SART performs Pseudo-RNCRLC/MAC reassembly and deciphering whiledata is captured.

If traffic is ciphered, user must set Path IDTable before deciphering & reassembling trafficwith either Pre-Selection RNC or Post-Selection RNC method in real-time.

If traffic is not ciphered, user must set Path ID

Table to perform Post-Selection RNCreassembly in real-time.

Click on it and it brings out this dialog box


Real Time and Auto Deciphering


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Deciphering Multi-RAB Calls

During a multi-RAB call, 2 Cipher Keysare assigned:

The CS U-Plane will use the keyassigned by MSC

The PS U-Plane will use the keyassigned by SGSN

However, the control plane (i.e. RRC)will use the last of these keys


Signaling Analyzer Video Call Analysis Capability

Existing features (SART 5.0): Support Circuit Switch video call analysis over Iu, Iub and Iur interfaces

Extraction of call control information (H.245) from H.223 byte stream for videocalls

H.245 messages are decoded in all layers. The protocols supported are: H.223,NSRP, CCSRL and H.245

H.245 messages are grouped by Iub, Iur, Iu-CS call trace together with otherradio signaling messages, like RRC, RANAP, NBAP, ALCAP, etc.

Auto-deciphering (off-line and real-time) video call data over Iub and Iurinterfaces if it is ciphered

De-multiplex H.223 stream into H.245 (call control information), video and audio

Save and play video data by a multi-media player


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H.324m Reassembly and Decode for Iub interface

For H.324m Video Call in UMTSNetwork, Video calls are established byH.223 and H.245 signaling

SART reassembled the H.324m signalsfrom the RLC/MAC packets


H.245 Message Extraction/Deciphering/Decodes


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1) H245messagesare tracedtogetherwith RRC,ALCAP,NBAPmessagesby Iub calltrace

2) H245messagesare tracedtogether withRANAP,ALCAP, IuuPmessagesover by Iuinterface

H.245 (Iub) Call Trace


SignalingAnalyzer is ableto correlate H245messages over Iuand Iub interfacesby Iu&Iubcombined calltrace

H.245 Message Correlation Between Iub and IuInterfaces by Iu&Iub Combined Call Trace


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HSDPA HS-DSCH Decode

Agilent solutions supportthe following Decodecapability:

i) Decode FP frames with HS-DSCH channel

ii) Decode HS-DSCH ControlFrames


Iu & Iub HSDPA Signaling

SART canmeasure:

Uplink BLER

Session setuptime, etc

Understand callsignaling flows

Understand EndUser QoS


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Single HSDPA session in a cell

Over time we can see:

Amount of Creditsallocated

Amount of Credits utilized

User Buffer Size

Overflow of thethreshold for the userbuffer indicatepotential issues withflow control.

That can lead topotential issues withfairness when multipleUEs are used


Two overlapping HSDPA sessions in a cell

Understand:

Fairness

QoS

Cell performance

Two FTPdownloads

Flow control issue

Very poor performance

Overall Poor fairness


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Using traditional Iub information for HSDPAanalysis

Using traditional analysismeans from R99 will allow usto understand:

Uplink BLER

Outer loop power control

Uplink Physical channel BER(QE)

Uplink/Downlink TFI usage


Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SW Call 24/7 Data CapturingCommon UsedMonitoringEquipment

UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Summary - Tactical Troubleshooting System

- Agilent SART SW provides online and offline

functionality (Call Trace, Filtering, Line Graphs, Stats,Export Function) -> Reduce Investigation Time dramatically

- Log files can combined from different locations (Iur

handover)

- Soft handover legs are indicated in a separate CT line

- Call Trace window provides major KPI (e.g. call setup time)

- SART SW is easy to use -> less training needed


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Overview Optimization/Drive Test Post Processing


UMTS RANTactical


System


and Drive TestPost

Processing

UMTS RANCluster




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Drive Test Capturing

RNC

NB

NB

NB

NB

ATMSwitch

DNA DNA

DNA Server

RNC

NB

NB

NB

NB

ATMSwitch

DNA DNA

DNA Server

RNC

NB

NB

NB

NB

ATMSwitch

DNA DNA

DNA Server

DNA

DNA

WAN

Optimization

Group

PC User III

Data

Data Filter for IMSI

Data

Data

Data


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


Optimization

Group


Signaling Analyzer / Nitro Integration


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Signaling Analyzer / Nitro Integration - Features & Benefits

Key benefit is that integration of drive test based protocol datawith probe based protocol data brings productivity gains

By correlating the collected data on the radio and networkinterfaces by time and location we can provide a detailed end-to-end picture of the true network performance

Specific value in NodeB latency measurements i.e. evaluatetimestamp delta for the same message appearing on Uu & Iubinterfaces (assumes synchronization in place e.g. GPS)

Availability (Q1 2007)

Agilent Signaling Analyzer Combined Uu / Iub / Iu Call Trace

CombinedUu / Iub / Iu

Call Trace


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Combined Uu / Iub / Iu Call Trace Sequence Diagram


Tasks of the Optimization Group

Provide highest UTRAN performance as defined by the followingattributes:

Low drop call rate

Low transmission Block Error Rate (BLER)

Low transmission delay

High number of service satisfied users

High system coverage area

Guarantee Throughput and Quality of Service Interaction

Optimized usage of transmission network and radio recourses(maximum users and guaranteed the QoS)

Deliver expected QoS with the lowest possible code power, thelowest needed number of handovers, and the smallest possiblechannelization code!!


UMTS RANTactical


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Processing


andKPIGeneration



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Optimization Areas- Power Control

- Handover Control

- Dynamic Channel Configuration

- AMR Rate Control

- RAB Reconfiguration and RAB/RB Mapping

- Radio Admission Control

- Radio Resource Management

- Congestion Control

- Cell Selection Reselection

- Cell Breathing- Inter-Carrier Load Balancing


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



How data can be analyzed

RAN Related Analysis

Call Statistics

Related toPower Control

Related toHandover

Related toPerformance

Related toVoice Quality

Related to ULQuality (UE)


UMTS RANTactical


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Processing


andKPIGeneration


Cell Related


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Optimization Overview Call Statistics



Related toHandover





UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


Cell Related

Call Statistics


Call StatisticsQuickly and Easily Identify Call Setup and Clear Down Performance

Traffic load willundoubtedly impactsignalingperformance

Setup andCleardown timeswill increase withload and calls willfail if theseparameters exceedthe network limit

Use messageOverview to changethe reference time toany given messagein the call sequence


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Call StatisticsRapidly Pinpoint UTRAN Call Performance

High level statisticsvery important forperformancemonitoring

Immediately flagsthe user whenunsuccessful callsreach a predefinedthreshold

Use terminationcause statistics to

find predominantproblems quickly


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Optimization Overview Power Control



Related toHandover





UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


Cell Related

Call Statistics


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Related to Power Control Common UsedMonitoringEquipmentUMTS RAN

TacticalTroubleshootingandMonitoring

System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


Note: Information on theIub link only indicatesUplink Power ControlInformation. TheDownlink Power Controlis done in the UE. Theonly indication ofDownlink Power is in theDedicated MeasurementReport.


Verify Outer Loop Power ControlCall Related Line Graph (SIR, CRCI, QE)

CRCI indicatedbad frame ->Outer LoopPower Controlincreases theSIR value


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Dedicated Measurement Reports per Call

The DedicatedMeasurementsindicate theDownlink PowerControl Status


Overview - Handover



Related toHandover





UMTS RANTactical


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andKPIGeneration


Cell Related

Call Statistics


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Flattened Calltrace Example Soft Handover

A single line for acomplete call

Each Soft handoversession is aindependent call

In macro diversity modeeach message will be sentmultiple times on the Iubinterface to differentNodeBs

Call Trace combines allsoft handover legs into

a single line


Related to Handover Common UsedMonitoringEquipmentUMTS RAN


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


This graph indicatesthe CPICH value ofneighbouring cellsmeasured by the UEand sent in theMeasurement Report


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Related to Handover

Soft Handover Performance

Immediatelyidentify thepresence andamounts of SH

Every ActiveNBAP ALCAPvs. RRCindicates SoftHandover Activity

Verify failedcalls in CallTrace


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Optimization Overview - Performance



Related toHandover





UMTS RANTactical


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andKPIGeneration


Cell Related

Call Statistics


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Related to PerformanceIP Throughput Performance Uplink/Downlink

Get instant visibility onbytes transferred,number of packets andb/s in uplink anddownlink

b/s rate derived fromPDP Context

Get instant visibility on

TCP retransmission,b/s in uplink anddownlink


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



Related to Performance;Iub IP TFI Uplink/Downlink Analysis


UMTS RANTactical


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Optimization Overview Voice Quality



Related toHandover



Related to ULQuality


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


Cell Related

Call Statistics


Related to Voice Quality

Network

PC running VQT ResponderClients and VQT app for PESQmeasurement

VQT Responder

VQT Responder

VQT Phone Adapter

VQT Phone Adapter

Voice drop out from Iu or Iub.

Discriminate between RF or CNrelated problems.

Handover analysis to correctdepartment.


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Active Voice Quality Test with Passive Analysis

What is the added value of the passive analysis?

Point out if problem is related to Core or UTRAN

Identify if issues can be related to a specific network segment or aparticular terminal

Basically a tool for good pin-pointing to the correctdepartment


Isolate Source of VQ Degradation

- utilize DNA protocol analyzer on Iub/Iu to measure MOS in UTRAN

MOS =

3.2MOS =

3.8

MOS =

4.0

SART

VQT


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Optimization Overview Uplink Quality



Related toHandover



Related to ULQuality


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration


Cell Related

Call Statistics


Uplink Quality - QE

The NodeB is constantly measuring the Bit Error Rate (BER)on the traffic received from the UE, i.e. on the uplink direction.

This BER is reported in the Quality Estimate part of the FPframes sent on the Iub from the UE towards the RNC.

The range of values of the QE is 0 to 255, where 0 is the bestand 255 is the worst possible condition.


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QE reported by the NodeB on a single call as afunction of time


UMTS RANTactical


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Processing


andKPIGeneration



QE in FP frames for the complete UTRAN Common UsedMonitoringEquipmentUMTS RAN


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andKPIGeneration



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QE in FP frames for individual NodeBs Common UsedMonitoringEquipmentUMTS RAN


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



QE in FP frames for individual NodeBs oncomplete RNC


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Optimization Overview Cell Related


Related toHandover



Related to ULQuality Cell Related

Call Statistics


Cluster Analysis and KPI Generation


UMTS RANTactical


System


and Drive TestPost

Processing

UMTS RANCluster




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SART/DNA & OSS Integration

B

wr

RNC

ByNwos

MSC

Node B

ATM AGNode

IubIub

ByNwos

SGSNIu-CS

Iu-PC

ATM AGNode

Iu

SignalingAnalyzer

Server

Call Manager Client

Multi-User Client

Iub/IuCDRStore

Iub/IuCDRStore

DMT for Iub and IuUTRAN QoS Manager

and RFQoS

Context Drill Down


Too much data ?

Too much data and not enough information- NBAP, RRC, CM, CC and IP contains a wealth of information

- But hard to get at and use, up until now

The Data Mining Toolkit our solution to OSS decisionsupport

- Sits between the analyst and the raw xDRs, giving them a business

view of the CDRs in the warehouse


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andKPIGeneration



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Whats the Data Mining Tool?

Turning raw network data into knowledge that supportsdecision making


UMTS RANTactical


System


Processing


andKPIGeneration



UMTS DMT Solution

S i g n a lin g A n a l yz e r F e e d in t o D M C / D M T

S i g n a l i n g A n a l y z e r C T

C S VP e r i o d i c f e e d

S A S E L a u n c h

( M a n u a l )

D a t a W a r e h o u s eD a t a W a r e h o u s eA g i l e n tA g i l e n t

D M CD M C

D a t a C u b e s ( A g i l e n tD a t a C u b e s ( A g i l e n t D M TD M T))

D M T Vi s u a l i z a t io n & d r i ll - d o w n


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By Location

proceduresprocedures

countcount

timetime

To see a breakdownof service by location,click the button

This graph shows that the majority ofprocedures seen on the network areLocation Updates. This consumes alot of network resources and is anindication that cell coverage could be

optimized.The next most frequent proceduresare Mobile Originated (MO) andMobile Terminated (MT) calls (MTcalls are shown as Paging Responses).

It is only the customers ownemployees who are subscribers onthis UMTS network. The graphindicates these subscribers mostlyusing their 3G phones outside normalworking hours between 7 and 10pm


LA-1002

Each Location Area (LA) refers to thearea covered by an RNC.

LA-1002 has a disproportionately highpercentage of Location Updaterequests. Drill into this by clicking onthe LA-1002 text on the left handside.


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To Main Page

This graph shows that roaming subscribers areconnecting to the customers 3G networkalthough it is not yet in general service.

The customer has historically operated a policyon the 2G network, that if no IMSI is present froma handset, then all calls (including emergency)are barred. The graph shows this policy has notbeen correctly implemented on the 3G network asService Requests from No IMSI subscribers arebeing captured.


The graph shows that service failurespeak at around 10% between 8 and 10pm.

To investigate further, expand the AllService Type by clicking on the +.


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To Main Page

This graph shows the failure rateacross all services according tohandset (the top 5 handsetsshowing failures are displayed).

The handset seen in the networkthe most, the Nokia 7600, does notappear.

The Motorola A835 appears as thesecond worst handset according toprocedure failures captured.

Once again, a performance issuewith the Motorola A835 is beingindicated.


To Main Page

This highlights the Node Bs with thehighest of each error type. This is usefulfor focusing troubleshooting activities.

Node BsNode BsError CausesError Causes

Count ofCount oferrorserrorscausescauses


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Summary


UMTS RANTactical


System


and Drive TestPost

Processing

UMTS RANCluster




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1

3P Seminar Europe/Installing andMaintaining 3P Networks

Oct-Nov, 2005Page 1

Installing andMaintaining

Triple Play Networks

Agilent Technologies S ig n a l in

g

Brian_LiuPre-sale [email protected]

Page 2

3P Seminar Taiwan / Installing andMaintaining 3P Networks

March, 2006

Agenda

Market and Technology Trends

NGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges

Technology Implementation Lifecycle

Agilent Test Instruments Throughout the Lifecycle

Signaling

Installing and MaintainingTriple Play Networks


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2

Page 3


March, 2006

Networks Trends Convergence to IPLegacy Complexity

Converged & Simplified

Triple play services deployment driving plans

VoIP crossing the chasm into the mainstream

Video over IP is hot; along with broadband growth, driving bandwidth needs

Core IP/MPLS architecture now moving into the edge

Spending on convergence is increasing

Goal: increase the top line while reducing OPEX

Source: Cisco CRS White Paper

Page 4


March, 2006

A Next Generation Networkis typically characterized by:

A Core Network based on IP/MPLS technologybuilt on top of existing optical SDH/Sonet backbones

An Edge/Distribution Network based on 10/100/1-GigE/10-GigE technology

An Access Network built around various xDSL technologies, 10/100 Ethernet,coax cable and WLAN technologies

A Softswitch environment dedicated to Next Generation IP/PSTN Telephony

The ultimate goal of an NGN is to be the enabling infrastructure forService Providers to offer innovative Triple Play services to the market:Video, Voice and Data Services in one broadband access package

What is an NGN?

D a t a

I n t e r n e t

V o i c e S

i g n a l i n g


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Page 7


March, 2006

Agenda


NGN, IPTV and VoIP ChallengesNGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges



Signaling

Page 8


March, 2006

Operators under massive pressure to:

Generate incremental revenue fromexisting assets

Diversify their service offerings andexpand beyond traditional markets

Differentiate on service quality throughmanaged service level agreements(SLAs) and Class-of-Service (CoS)offerings

Add new services like IPTV

Need to address immediate operationalissues

Increased complexity of multi-protocolnetworks

Successfully deploy IPTV services

Toll-quality is the benchmark for voice over IP

Monitor network performances by class ofservice

Translate contractual SLAs into verifiablenetwork measurements

Next Generation Service Challenges


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5

Page 9


March, 2006

The Challenge : NGN Testing

Ethernet PoS ATM FR

MPLS & VPNIP IPv6

Voice Video Data S e

r v i c e

s

R o u t i

n g

T r a n s

p o r t

NGNs add new dimensions of complexity toTesting, Troubleshooting and Monitoring

Page 10


March, 2006

VoIP


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6

Page 11


March, 2006

Key Challenges Throughout

Service Performance what to measure & how to measure Provisioning/configuring IP network for VoIP is your data network

ready & how do you know

Getting the first call to complete Getting the next n calls to complete Scalability: systems, sites, users, IP network Security cant be overlooked in this day and age Integrating network management and operations with that for

data network- common quality of service objectives

Page 12


March, 2006

What can go wrong?

Software bugs

Network element failures

Call signaling failures

Poor network performance

Routing and configuration problems

Resource, traffic and congestion problems

Whatcant go wrong?


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7

Page 13


March, 2006

IP Telephony Requires Signaling and Media

Signaling Plane- Protocols and events to establish, and then clear, an end-to-end media path- Key challenge is Interoperability and Call Performance

Media Plane- Protocols and events to encode and transport real-time media, such as voice- Key challenge is Quality of Service

Page 14


March, 2006

How do I Determine VoIP Performance(Quality of Service)?

End User Parameters Clarity

listening quality or speechquality

Voice Delay Echo

IP Network Parameters: Packet Loss

impacts speech quality Packet Delay

impacts speech delay impacts echo delay increases packet loss

Packet Jitter impacts speech quality increases packet loss


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Page 15


March, 2006

Voice Quality Definition End User

The Speech Quality Factorsfor every Voice Network:

Clarity-The correlation of theamount of informationthat can be extractedout of a conversationversus what was sent

Echo Delay

Clarity

Delay

Echo

Speech Quality Space

Page 16


March, 2006

PerceptualModeling

Time Alignment

PerceptualModeling

CognitiveModeling

InternalRepresentation

of Output Signal

Audible Differencesin Internal

Representations

InternalRepresentationof Input Signal

Perceptual Evaluation ofSpeech Quality (PESQ)

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) is newly approved ITU RecommendationP.862

Combines best merits of PSQM+ (P.861) and PAMS (Proprietary BT) into a single, widelyapplicable voice clarity measurement

Compares network output signal (received) with input signal (transmitted) for perceptual quality;produces quality score that predicts subjective test results

Input Signal

Output Signal

Quality Score

AlignmentChanges


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9

Page 17


March, 2006



Clarity Echo -Reflection of theoriginating signal atthe far end with enoughstrength and delay that it isperceptible to a human.

Delay

Clarity

Delay

Echo


Page 18


March, 2006

HybridJunctionSpeech

VoIP Echo> 100 msec delayed

HybridJunction

Speech

PSTN Echo< 20 msec delayed

CircuitSwitch

CircuitSwitch

Class 5Switch

IPMediaGateway

MediaGateway

VoIP One-way Delay > 50 msec

PSTN One-way Delay < 10 msec

PBX

Main Source of Echo in VoIP Networks

HybridJunction


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Page 19


March, 2006

Echo - Aggravated by Delay

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Echo Path Delay (msec.)

E c

h o

P a

t h L o s s

( d B )

Perceptible

Page 20


March, 2006



Clarity Echo Delay -

The time a signalneeds to traversethe network

Clarity

Delay

Echo



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Page 21


March, 2006

Delay

VoIP networks add substantial delay through codecs, packetization,buffering, which easily exceeds 100ms

One-way delay above 150ms is perceptible and annoying (per ITUG.114)

Echo is perceptible

Annoyance

Delay[ms]

32 100 150 200 300

Recommended upperend-to-end delay limit

Conversationseverely influenced

Listener perceives hesitation up to 'cold'sounding conversation;

interruptions are more frequent

Low

High

Page 22


March, 2006

Voice Quality Thresholds

Clarity, or Listening Quality: MOS > 3.0 (typical)

Round-trip voice delay < 300 milliseconds (source: ITU G.114)

Speaker Echo above the acceptable curve (source: ITU G.131) Function of echo delay and echo loudness

Signal Loss < 10 dBClarity

Delay

Echo

Speech QualitySpace


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Page 23


March, 2006

How does IP network performanceimpact end users VoIP service?

Its whats in between that affects yourusers Experience!

Page 24


March, 2006

Acoustic/Electricalconversion

VoIP Processing

VoiceActivity

DetectionPacketization PacketTransmission

PacketCapture &

Jitter Buffer Reassembly

Decode& PLC

(Packet LossConcealment)

ComfortNoise

Generation

Electrical /Acousticconversion

Encode(Compression)

Gateway processing

Gateway processing


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Page 27


March, 2006

IPTV Services

Services provided:

Broadcast content from the networks - multicast

Video on Demand - Unicast

Video Clips news, sports

PVR/DVR/TiVo network versus STB based

Multi-conference (future)

Gaming

Network-based personal video recording and playback Dadvideos of new baby uploaded so grandma can watch at anotherlocation

Page 28


March, 2006

IP/MPLS Core

Typical IPTV Wireline Network

Super Head End

Satellite and Terrestrial ReceptionBroadcast Content AcquisitionAggregationEncoding Transcoding

IP Core Router

Video

HubOffice

VOD

Server

1 or 10 GigE

AAA

Access NodeIP DSLAM

EthernetAggregationRouter -

EAR

ResidentialGateway

STB

Residence

GigE

ADSL2+VDSL

etc


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Page 31


March, 2006

Layer 3 Network Layer Whats Important for QoS? Latency interval from the CPE sending packets to the Network Elements

response

Packet Loss

Jitter

Throughput measurements

Capture and Decoding Packets

Page 32


March, 2006

Layer 4 Transport Layer

Whats Important for QoS? Traffic analysis and prioritization confirmation

VoIP, Video, Data

UDP versus TCP

IP Port assignment

Connectivity to VOD, Call, and ISP Application Servers

Voice VoIP UDP relatively low bandwidth steady rate Video UDP high bandwidth steady rate but canhandle delays (VOD)

Data TCP bursty retransmissions acceptable


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Page 33


March, 2006

Layer 5, 6, 7 Session, Application, PresentationLayer - Whats Important for QoS? Signaling Protocol errors

Excessive call setup/hold times

Excessive response times for VOD VCR commands

Excessive channel switching response times for IGMP commands joinand leave

Excessive authentication times

MOS for VoIP and Video per call or session

Page 34


March, 2006

Agenda


NGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges

Technology Implementation LifecycleTechnology Implementation Lifecycle


Signaling


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Page 35


March, 2006

Agilent Installation and Maintenance Solutions

Voice, Data, Video and Mobile Installation andTroubleshooting. Portable and Distributed

DNA / DNA PRO

FrameScope

10/100/1000 Ethernet TestVoIP Performance Test

Signaling Analyzer

Real-Time Call trace across multiple telephonytechnologies, including VoIP, SS7, SS7/IP, 2G, 2.5G

and 3G mobile networks

VQT

Measure user voice clarity, delay and echo

Page 36


March, 2006

Triple Play Analysis and Measurement Tools areCritical for Success Through the Lifecycle

ServicecomponentDeployment

New ServiceDeployment

Service UsageRamp-up

C u s

t o m e r

G r o w

t h

( P u

b l i c a n

d C o r p o r a

t e )

ServiceOptimization

Make it work Make it efficientMake it work well

ServiceDesign

DNA PRO

N2XVQT

FrameScope PRO

S u c c e s s t h r o u g h

o u t t h e l i f e

c y c l e


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Page 37


March, 2006

Typical Triple Play Network Lifecycle

Vendor Qualification and Evaluation

Network Design

Lab and Field Trials

Pre-Deployment Assessment

Deployment

Operational Maintenance

Optimization, Capacity Planning, & Performance Management

Page 38


March, 2006

Deployment

Install and certify new VoIP and IPTV serviceturn-ups at a rapid rate

Fix voice and video quality problems toturn-on/restore service within a few minutes

Fix call and session signaling problems to turn-on/restore service within afew minutes

Maintain appropriate levels of voice and video quality and serviceperformance when new data traffic loads are introduced, or when networkconfiguration changes

Certify that service performance objectives are met consistently, across allconnections and sites, under all reasonable traffic load conditions.


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Page 41


March, 2006

Optimization, Capacity Planning and PerformanceManagement

Collect and report performance trending data to determine networkcapacity requirements and plan for provisioning, expansions, orreductions

Determine if long-term network performancemeets objectives

Collect and report performance trending datato determine nature of problems fortroubleshooting

Collect and report performance trending datato plan for network optimization

Page 42


March, 2006

Agenda


NGN, MPLS, IPTV and VoIP Challenges


Agilent Test Instruments Throughout the Agilent Test Instruments Throughout theLifecycleLifecycle

Signaling


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Page 43


March, 2006

Network Analyzer Solutions

Voice, Data, Video and MobileVoice, Data, Video and MobileTesting over Next GenerationTesting over Next Generation

NetworksNetworks

Page 44


March, 2006

VoIP voice quality analysis VoIP signaling and media protocol analysis Distributed Layer 1-7 diagnostics and troubleshooting

10/100 EthernetGigabit Ethernet

STM-4/OC-12STM-1/OC-3

E3/T3T1/E1

T1/E1 8-port IMAATM 25MV-Series

HSSISwappableInterfaces

DataVoiceVideoMobileIP

EthernetATMFrame RelayPoSISDNMPLS

Multi-Service/Technology

Dispatched (Field Service)Distributed (Centralized Support,NOC)

Multi-use

Portable, Drop-Off andDistributedOperation

Remote,installedoperation

Remotely-controlledinterface modules

Turn any PC into aNetwork Analyzer

Network Analyzer Platform


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Page 47


March, 2006

Network Troubleshooting Center Remote Access and DNA Management RMON analysis

Efficiency: Versatile Connectivity

WEB Browser Access No Need of any SW Installed in client PC

WEBInstrument Manager

Remote Access and DNA management

Telemetry WiFi

10/100/1000 EthernetDial Up

Local and LAN-based

Page 48


March, 2006

DNA PRO Applications

LAN WAN ATM IP IPv6 MPLS VoIP Video 3GExpert-Analysis Decodes Stats

Network AnalyzerSoftware

VoIP Media and Signaling. Non-intrusiveVoIP MOS.

TelephonyNetwork Analyzer

MPLS Decode capabilities and LDPStatistics. CoS and DiffServ Correlation

MPLS Analysis

Call Trace across multiple technologies VoIP, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, SS7

Signaling Analyzer

Network Analyzer Software Edition

Customer reports to certify installations.Management reports on network

operation and performanceReport Center


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Page 49


March, 2006

Signaling Analyzer

To quickly solve problems in complex telephonynetworks, the signaling analyzer VoIP can trace callsignaling across multiple points in a network and acrossmultiple telephony technologies, including VoIP, SS7,SS7/IP, 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile networks.

Correlating and Grouping Calls Across Complex HybridNetworks to Troubleshoot Signaling/media Problems

PSTNMobileVoIP

Page 50


March, 2006

Signaling Analyzer Key Features

Multi-technology the ability to trace a single call throughVoIP, SS7, SS7/IP and 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile networkssimplifies resolution of the most complex interoperabilityproblems in telephony.

Real-time call trace ties together messages for each call andtracks each call across multiple points in a network to indicatewhere anomalies and failures occur. Includes patented phasegraphics presentation and sequencing diagrams.

Call statistics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) provide

visibility into the performance of the network in setting up andcompleting calls as well as RTP statistics that provide a view ofmedia quality.


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Page 53


March, 2006

Graphical VoIP Call Sequence Diagram- clear visualization of signaling problems

Page 54


March, 2006

NGN Signaling Call Statistics Examples

ISUP/M3UA/SCTP/IP/Ethernet

OPC/DPC/CIC based Call Statistics

Call Completion Ratio Call Time Distribution


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Page 55


March, 2006

Problem: Cost effect means to install networkequipment, troubleshoot interoperabilityissues, and optimize services.

Solution: Using Signaling Analyzer mobileportable and distributed analysis to accessthe critical data from the equipment and thenetwork

Application: Using the multi-user environment toanalyze complex 3G-SIP-SS7 signalingand data procedures through the DNAPro on-site and remotely.

Bringing thesignaling data andinformation to the networkexperts to assess serviceperformance more timely andeffectively

Signaling Analyzer Multi-User Multi-user capability extends the value of the solution by supporting

multiple users needs and applications with a single hardwaredeployment. Different problems can we worked on simultaneouslyenabling faster service restoration while also reducing operatingexpenses.

Multi UserClient

Multi UserClient

Multi UserClient

Multi UserClient

SignalingAnalyzer Multi-

User Server

Mobile / VoIP / PSTN

MobileUMTS

VoIPSIP

PSTNSS7

Page 56


March, 2006

Telephony Network Analyzer Assess VoIP network performance Monitor VoIP call quality Fix VoIP quality and signaling problems

For VoIP Media MOS voice quality scoring (layer 7) Provides end-user

measurements to detect end-user problems

Real-time RTP performance analysis (layer 5) simplediagnostics identify the source of end-user problems

Real-time integrated LAN/WAN analysis (layer 1-4) of all protocols & technologies determines the root cause

For VoIP Signaling

VoIP Expert Commentators automatically identify callsignaling performance and interoperability problems(H.323, SIP, MGCP)

VoIP protocol analysis, filtering, and decodes todetermine the root cause of problems


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Page 57


March, 2006

TNA --- Finding VoIP QoS problems by measuringVoice Quality and Network Impairments

Directly correlate voice quality scores (MOS) with measuredimpairments: loss and jitter for each time segment for each call.

Page 58


March, 2006

TNA - Expedite Resolution of VoIP Problems

Important usability enhancements for the most advanced VoIPanalyzer available

Detailed RTP and RTCP statistics and diagnostics grouped by call See phone numbers for each call with detail real-time RTP diagnostics Search for specific call by phone number Call durations, min/max performance values, and other additions


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Page 63


March, 2006

How are these measurements helpful?

R-factor (ITU-T G.107 E-Model)

Reflects the overall network quality (rangesbetween 0 and 100) to estimate voice quality.

50-59Nearly all Users Dissatisfied

60-69Many Users Dissatisfied70-79Some Users Dissatisfied80-89Satisfied

90-100Very SatisfiedR Factor Value RangeUser Satisfaction

50-59Nearly all Users Dissatisfied

60-69Many Users Dissatisfied70-79Some Users Dissatisfied80-89Satisfied

90-100Very SatisfiedR Factor Value RangeUser Satisfaction

Page 64


March, 2006

How are these metrics measurements helpful?

G.107_FB.2

Excellent 5

Good 4

Fair 3

Poor 2

Bad 10 20 40 60 80 100 R

MOS

MOSCQEas function of rating factor R (Reference : Annex B of ITU-T G.107)

Mean Opinion Score (MOS) (~ITU-T P.800)

For example if the voice quality were to drop duringa call by one MOS, an average user would clearlyhear the difference (ranges between 1 to 5; 1=BadCase & 5 Excellent Case)

A drop of half a MOS is audible whereas a drop of aquarter is barely noticeable.


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Page 65


March, 2006

How are these measurements helpful?Packet LossIn VoIP environment, clarity problems are often caused byPacket loss. Packet loss tracks persistent congestion.

Packet Round Trip DelayDelays affects the quality of a conversation withoutaffecting the actual sound of the voice signal. When end-to-end delay extends, participants in a telephoneconversation begins to notice its effect. Normalconversation seems difficult or impossible.

Inter Arrival Jitter This is an estimate of the statistical variance of the RTPdata packet interarrival time, measured in timestamp units.(RFC 3550 standard) and provides short-term measure ofnetwork congestion. Jitter measure tracks transientcongestion and may indicate congestion before it leads topacket loss causing voice signal distortions.

Page 66


March, 2006

rameScope VoIP Key eatures

SignalingDecipher (To read or interpret) SIPsignaling information to view callsetup process and failures, if any.

LoggingLogged

agilent_3g_rnc.pdf

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