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Agnihotri Engineering & GATE Classes Scripting success stories

PLAIN SCALE

Stage (I) Q.1) Construct a plain scale for a R.F of 1:4 to show centimeters & decimeters & long enough to measure up to 5

decimeters. Also show the distance of 3.7decimeter on this scale?

Q.2 )Construct a plain scale for a R.F of 1:40,to show meters & decimeters & long enough to measure up to 6

meters & mark 4.8 meters on this scale ?

Q.3) Construct a plain scale for a R.F of 1:60, to show meters & decimeters & long enough to measure up to 6

meters & mark 4.2 meters on this scale?

Q.4) Construct a plain scale in which 0.5 meter of distance is represented by 1cm & to measure distance up to 6

meters. Also show the distance of 4.6m & 5.2m?

Q.5) Construct a plain scale, to show meters & decimeters where 1 m is represented by 2.5 cm & long enough to

measure up to 6 meters & mark 4.5 meters on this scale ?Also find R.F of scale?

Q.6) Construct a plain scale to show kilometers & hectometers when 1km is represented by 2.5 cm, & long

enough to measure up to 7km & mark 5.4 km on this scale ?What is R.F of the scale?

Q.7) Construct a scale for which a 4cm long line represent the length 1.5m & log enough to measure up to 6m.

Determine the R.F & also show the distance of 4.6m on this scale?

Stage (II)

Q.8) Construct a plain scale for which a line 1cm long represent a length of 4decimeter.Draw a plain scale &

mark the distance of 6.7 meters on it?

Q9) Construct a scale for which 1.5 inches is equal to 1 foot & to show feet & inches & long enough to measure

up to 4 feet. Show the distance of 2 feet and 10 inches in this scale?

Q.10) Construct a scale of R.F 1:14 to read feet & inches & long enough to measure up to 7 feet. Also show the

distance of 5 feet & 10 inches on this scale?

Q.11) Construct a scale of R.F 1:60 to read Yard & feet, and long enough to measure up to 5 yards. Show the

distance of 3 yards & 1 foot on this scale?

Q.12) Construct a scale of R.F 1/84480 to show miles & furlong & long enough to measure up to 6 miles. Show

the distance of 4 miles & 3 furlongs on this scale?

Q.13) A rectangular plot of land area 16km² is represented by an area of 1cm² on a map.Draw a plain scale to

show units of km & tens of km & long enough to measure up to 60 km & mark 47 km on this scale?

Q.14) A rectangular plot of land area 25km² is represented on a map by an area of 1cm².Draw a plain scale

which can read up to single km & long enough to measure up to 80 km & mark 64 km on this scale?

Q.15) An area of 4cm² on a map represent the actual area of 100km² of the field. Draw a plain scale to show

single km and long enough to measure up to 50km.Also mark the distance of 35km on this scale?

Q.16) A 3.2cm long line represent a length of 4m.Extend this line to measure length up to 25m & show the unit

of meter & 5 meters on this scale? Also show the distance of 17 meters on this scale?

Q.17) A container of 1000m³ volume is represented by a block of 125cm³ volume. Find the R.F & construct a

scale to measure up to 30m. Also show the distance of 19m on the scale?

Q.18) A room of 1728m³ volume is shown by a cube of 216 cm³ volume. Draw a plain scale to show meters and

long enough to measure up to 42 m & mark 23 meters on this scale ?

Q.19) A car is running at speed of 60km/hr & on a scale 1cm represent 1/3rd of km. Show the distance traveled by

car in 3 minute & 30 seconds & also determine R.F of the scale?

Q.20)A car is running at the constant speed of 80km/hr. Costruct a plain scale which is long enough to measure

up to 70 km.Choose a suitable R.F which limit the length of scale between 17cm to 19cm.Also measure the

distance travel by car in 9minutes and 45seconds ?

Stage (III) Questions on comparative scale asked as plain scale

Q.21) The distance between Mumbai & pune is 180 km & it is covered by a passenger train in 6 hours. Draw a

plain scale to measure time up to single minute. The R.F of scale is 1:200000.Find the distance covered by train

in 36 minutes & show minutes & kilometers on the scale?

Q.22) The distance between 2 station is 144km & it is covered by a passenger train in 4 hours .Draw a plain scale

to measure time up to single minute. The R.F of scale is 1:240000.Find the distance covered by train in 45

minutes & show minute & kilometers on the scale?

Q.23) The distance between Badodra & Surat is 130 km & it is covered by a passenger train in 2.5 hours. Draw a

plain scale to measure time up to single minute. The R.F of scale is 1/260000. Find the distance covered by train

in 45 minutes & show minutes & kilometer on the scale ?

Q.24)The distance between Ludhiyana & Ambala cant Railway station is 120 km. A train covers this distance in

4 hours. Construct a scale to measure time up to a single minute. R.F of the scale is 1/200000,indicate the

distance covered by train in 38 minutes?

Q.25) The distance between Delhi & saharanpur is 180 km & it is covered by a passenger train in 6 hours. Draw

a plain scale to measure time up to single minute. The R.F of scale is 1:200000.Find the distance covered by

train in 34minutes & show minutes & kilometers on the scale?

Classes on (ED,BEEE,M1,M2,M3,NA,CONTROL,DSP & other GATE oriented Engineering Subjects)

By :- Agnihotri sir (7415712500) Infront C.M. House, Sherpura , Vidisha Download GATE syllabus & Ebooks at AEGC site www.aegc.yolasite.com & follow us at www.facebook.com/aegcsumit

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Agnihotri Engineering & GATE Classes Scripting success stories DIAGONAL SCALE

Stage-(I)

Q.1) Construct a diagonal scale for a R.F of 1/4000 to show units of meter, tens of meter & hundreds of meter

& long enough to measure up to 500 meters & mark 374 meter on this scale ?

Q.2) Construct a diagonal scale for a R.F of 1/5000 to show single meters & long enough to measure up to 600

meters & mark 457m on this scale?

Q.3) Construct a scale for which 40 m is represented by 1cm,& to read hundreds of meter , tens of meter &

units of meter. Find R.F & mark the distance of 433m & 567 m on this scale?

Q.4) Construct a diagonal scale for which a line 22cm long represent a length of 440 m & read up to single

meter & long enough to measure up to 300 m . Also mark the distance of 187 m on this scale?

Q.5) The area of the field is 50,000 m² which is shown by the field of length & breadth 10cm & 8cm long

respectively.

Draw a diagonal scale to show single meter & long enough to measure up to 500 m & mark 235 m on this

scale?

Q.6) A rectangular plot of land area 0.45 hectare is represented on a map by an area of 5 cm². Draw a diagonal

scale for this map to show up to single meter & long enough to Measure up to 400 m ?

Q.7) Construct a diagonal scale for a R.F of 1/6250, to read up to 1 km & to read meter on it. Show a length of

653m on it ?

Q.8) The distance between 2 stations A & B is 300 km & its equivalent distance on a railway map measures only

6 cm. Draw a diagonal scale to show hundreds of km, tens of km & units of km. Mark distances of 525 km, 313

km & 258 km on this scale?

Q.9) The distance between two stations A & B is 100 km & on a road map it is shown by a line of 2.5 cm long.

Draw a diagonal scale to show single km.Find R.F & mark the distance of 677 km , 444 km & 333 km on it?

Q.10)Construct a diagonal scale to show meters ,decimeters & centimeters where 1m is represented by 2.5 cm

& long enough to measure up to 6 meters. Find R.F & mark 4 meters 5 decimeters & 6 centimeters on the

scale?

Q.11) To draw a diagonal scale for a R.F 1/50 & long enough to measure up to 5 meters. Also mark the

distance of 2.89 m & 3.67m on this scale?

Q.12)An area of 144cm² on a map represent the area of 36 km² on the field. Draw a diagonal scale for this map

to show kilometer, hectometer & decameter. It is long enough to measure up to 10 km . Also mark 7.54 km on

it?

Q.13) Construct a diagonal scale for a R.F of 1/2.5, to show centimeters & millimeters & long enough to

measure up to 20 cm & mark 13.4 cm on this scale ?

Q.14) Constuct a scale of R.F 1/250 to show decimeters & long enough to measure up to 30 meters. Also mark

the distance of 28.9 m on this scale ?

Q.15)The distance between two point is 14cm & the real distance between them is 20kms. Draw a diagonal scale

to show kilometers & hectometers & long enough to measure up to 25 kms. Also mark the distance of 17.6 kms

on this scale ?

Stage (II)

Q.16) The distance between 2 station is 100 km & on a road map it is shown by a line of 30 cm. Draw a

diagonal scale & indicate 46.8 km & 32.4 km on this scale?

Q.17)Construct a diagonal scale showing yard , feet & inches for which a 2 inch long line represent 1.25 yard &

the scale is long enough to measure up to 5 yard. Find the R.F , & mark the distance of 4 yard 2 feet & 8 inches

?

Q.18) On a building plan, a line 20 cm long represent a length of 10 m. Device a diagonal scale for the plan to

read up to 12 m & show meters , decimeters & centimeters on the scale & mark the distance of 11.14m & 6.48

m on this scale?

Q.19) A car is running at speed of 50 km/hr & on a scale 3cm represents 1km & to measure up to 6 km. Mark

the distance covered by car in 5 minutes & 28 seconds?

Q.20) An airplane is flying at the speed of 360 km/hr & on a scale 1cm represents 6km & measure up to 60

km.Find the R.F? Draw a diagonal scale & mark the following distances covered by airplane in …

i) 3 minutes & 22 seconds ii) 5 minutes & 36 seconds iii) 7 minutes & 49 seconds

SCALE OF CHORD

Q.1) Construct a scale of chords showing 5º division & with its aid set off angles of 25º , 40 º , 55º & 130º ?

Q.2) Draw a triangle having sides 8 cm , 9 cm & 10 cm long respectively & measure its angle with the help of

scale of chords





Agnihotri Engineering & GATE Classes Scripting success stories CONIC SECTION

Ellipse

Q.1) Construct an ellipse by oblong method when major axis is 150 mm & minor axis is 100 mm long ?

Q.2) Inscribe an ellipse in a parallelogram having sides 150 mm & 100 mm long & included an angle of 120º ?

Q.3) Construct an ellipse by concentric circle method when major axis is 120 mm & minor axis is 80 mm .

Q.4) Construct an ellipse by arc of circle methd when major axis is 150 mm & minor axis is 100 mm long. Also

draw normal & tangent to ellipse at 30 mm from major axis ?

Q.5) Two fixed points F1 & F2 are 100 mm apart. Trace the complete path of point ‘p’ moving in a plane in

such a way that the sum its distances from two fixed point is always the same & is equal to 130 mm . Name the

curve?

Q.6) In a triangle ABC, AB = 100 mm , BC = 55 mm & AC = 75 MM. Draw an ellipse such that A & B act as

focus & C is a point on the curve?

Q.7) The foci of an ellipse are 90 mm apart & minor axis is 65 mm long .Draw the upper half of the ellipse by

concentric circle method & lower half by oblong method & also determine the length of major axis?

Parabola

Q.8) Construct a parabola by general method when distance of focus from directrix is 60mm & e = 1?

Q.9) A fixed point is 75 mm from fixed straight line. Draw the locus of point P moving in such a way that its

distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its distance from the fixed point. Name the curve?

Q.10) Construct a parabola by rectangle method when base AB = 80 mm & axis CD = 100 mm ?

Q.11) A ball is thrown up in the air & reaches the maximaum height of 160 mm & travels a horizontal distance

of 120 meters . Trace the path of the ball assume it to be parabolic & use proper scale?

Q.12) A ball is thrown up in the air & reaches the maximum height of 45 meter & travel a horizontal distance

of 75 meters. Trace the path of the ball , assume it to be parabolic by using the proper scale ?

Q.13)A stone is thrown upwards from a building of 6m height & its highest point of flight just crosses a palm

tree of 12 m height . Trace the path of the projectile if the distance between the building & the palm tree is 3m?

Q.14)Construct a parabola by tangent method when base AB = 60 mm & axis CD = 30 mm?

Q.15)A fountain jet discharges water from ground level at an angle of 60º to the horizontal. The jet travels a

horizontal distance of 8 m from the point of discharge & falls on the ground Trace the path of the jet & name

the curve ?

Q.16)A fountain jet discharge water from ground level at an inclination of 50º to the ground. The jet travels a

horizontal distance of 9 m from the point of discharge & falls on the ground . Trace the path of the jet ?

Hyperbola

Q.17) Construct a hyperbola by general method when distance of focus from directrix is 50mm & e = 3/2?

Q.18) A point ‘p’ 30 mm & 50 mm respectively from two straight lines which are at right angle to each

other.Draw a rectangular hyperbola through point p within 10 mm distance from each line?

Q.19) Construct a rectangular hyperbola when a point p on it is at a distance of 15mm & 20 mm respectively

from two asymptotes ?

Q.20) Two straight lines OA & OB makes an angle of 75 º between them . P is a point 40 mm from OA & 50

mm from OB. Draw a hyperbola through P with OA & OB as asymptotes , making atleast 10 points?






SPECIAL ENGINEERING CURVES

CYCLOID CURVES

(Cycloids, Epicycloids & Hypocycloids)

Q.1) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a straight line without slipping . Draw the curve traced out by any

point P on the circumference of circle for one complete revolution of circle ?

Q.2) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line for half revolution & then on a vertical line

downwards for another half revolution. Draw the curve traced out by point P ?

Q.3) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line for half revolution & then on a vertical line upwards

for another half revolution . Draw the curve traced out by any point P which is on the circumference of circle ?

Q.4) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on the circumference of another circle of 175 mm diameter & outside it.

Draw the curve traced out by a point on the circumference of rolling circle for one complete revolution &

name the curve also? Draw the tangent to it at a point 125 mm from the center of directing circle ?


Draw the curve traced out by any point P on the circumference of rolling circle for one complete revolution?

Q.6) Construct a hypocycloid generated by any point P on the circumference of rolling circle when the diameter

of directing circle is 175 mm & the diameter of rolling circle is 50 mm for one complete revolution. Also draw

the normal & tangent on the curve at a point 50 mm away from the center of directing circle ?

Q.7) Construct a hypocycloid generated by a point on the circumference of rolling circle of radius 30 mm

which rolls inside the directing circle of radius 60 mm .

INVOLUTES

Q.8) Draw an involutes of an equilateral triangle of side 20 mm.

Q.9) Draw an involutes of a square having side 30 mm?

Q.10) Draw an involutes of a regular pentagon of side 20 mm?

Q.11) Draw an involutes of a regular hexagon of side 20 mm?

Q.12) Draw an involutes of a circle of diameter 40 mm. Also draw normal & tangent at a distance of 100 mm

from the center of the circle over formed involute ?

Q.13) A thread unwinds itself from a cylindrical drum having diameter 60 mm. Draw the locus of the free end

of the thread for unbinding through an angle of 180º ?

SPIRAL CURVES

(Archemedian Spiral & Logarithmic Spiral )

Q.14) Construct an archemedian spiral for one complete convolution when the radius of circle is 60 mm ?

Q.15) Construct an archemedian spiral for one & half convolution when the radius of circle is 90 mm. Also

draw the normal & tangent at any point on the spiral ?

Q.16) A point P moves towards another point O , 75 mm from it & reaches it while moving around it once ,its

movement towards O is uniform with its movement around it . Draw the curve traced out by point P ?

Q.17) Construct an archemedian spiral for two convolutions , when the greater & least radii are 100 mm & 15

mm long respectively. Draw a tangent & a normal at a point 65 mm from the pole on the spiral ?

Q.18) A link 225 mm long ,swings on a pivot O from its vertical position of rest to the right through an angle of

75º & return to its initial position at uniform velocity .During that period , a point P moving moving at uniform

speed along the center line of the link from a point at a distance of 25 mm from O, reaches the end of the link.

Draw the locus of the point P ?

Q.19) Construct a logarithmic spiral for 1 convolution , given trhe length of shortest radius is 1 cm & the ratio

of lengths of radius vectors enclosing an angle of 30º is 10/9. Also draw normal & tangent at any point on the

spiral ?

Q.20)Construct a logarithmic spiral for one revolution whose shortest radius is 40 mm. & the lengths of

adjacent radius vectors enclosing 30º angle are in the ratio 9/8 ? Also draw the normal & tangent to the spiral

at any point on it ?






SPECIAL ENGINEERING CURVES

CYCLOID CURVES

(Cycloids, Epicycloids & Hypocycloids)

Q.1) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a straight line without slipping . Draw the curve traced out by any

point P on the circumference of circle for one complete revolution of circle ?

Q.2) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line for half revolution & then on a vertical line

downwards for another half revolution. Draw the curve traced out by point P ?

Q.3) A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls on a horizontal line for half revolution & then on a vertical line upwards

for another half revolution . Draw the curve traced out by any point P which is on the circumference of circle ?


Draw the curve traced out by a point on the circumference of rolling circle for one complete revolution &

name the curve also? Draw the tangent to it at a point 125 mm from the center of directing circle ?


Draw the curve traced out by any point P on the circumference of rolling circle for one complete revolution?

Q.6) Construct a hypocycloid generated by any point P on the circumference of rolling circle when the diameter

of directing circle is 175 mm & the diameter of rolling circle is 50 mm for one complete revolution. Also draw

the normal & tangent on the curve at a point 50 mm away from the center of directing circle ?

Q.7) Construct a hypocycloid generated by a point on the circumference of rolling circle of radius 30 mm

which rolls inside the directing circle of radius 60 mm .

INVOLUTES

Q.8) Draw an involutes of an equilateral triangle of side 20 mm.

Q.9) Draw an involutes of a square having side 30 mm?

Q.10) Draw an involutes of a regular pentagon of side 20 mm?

Q.11) Draw an involutes of a regular hexagon of side 20 mm?

Q.12) Draw an involutes of a circle of diameter 40 mm. Also draw normal & tangent at a distance of 100 mm

from the center of the circle over formed involute ?

Q.13) A thread unwinds itself from a cylindrical drum having diameter 60 mm. Draw the locus of the free end

of the thread for unbinding through an angle of 180º ?

SPIRAL CURVES

(Archemedian Spiral & Logarithmic Spiral )

Q.14) Construct an archemedian spiral for one complete convolution when the radius of circle is 60 mm ?

Q.15) Construct an archemedian spiral for one & half convolution when the radius of circle is 90 mm. Also

draw the normal & tangent at any point on the spiral ?

Q.16) A point P moves towards another point O , 75 mm from it & reaches it while moving around it once ,its

movement towards O is uniform with its movement around it . Draw the curve traced out by point P ?

Q.17) Construct an archemedian spiral for two convolutions , when the greater & least radii are 100 mm & 15

mm long respectively. Draw a tangent & a normal at a point 65 mm from the pole on the spiral ?

Q.18) A link 225 mm long ,swings on a pivot O from its vertical position of rest to the right through an angle of

75º & return to its initial position at uniform velocity .During that period , a point P moving moving at uniform

speed along the center line of the link from a point at a distance of 25 mm from O, reaches the end of the link.

Draw the locus of the point P ?

Q.19) Construct a logarithmic spiral for 1 convolution , given trhe length of shortest radius is 1 cm & the ratio

of lengths of radius vectors enclosing an angle of 30º is 10/9. Also draw normal & tangent at any point on the

spiral ?

Q.20)Construct a logarithmic spiral for one revolution whose shortest radius is 40 mm. & the lengths of

adjacent radius vectors enclosing 30º angle are in the ratio 9/8 ? Also draw the normal & tangent to the spiral

at any point on it ?






Introduction

Computer-Aided Design (CAD), also known as computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) , is the use of

computer technology for the process of design and design-documentation. Computer Aided Drafting describes

the process of drafting with a computer. CADD software, or environments, provides the user with input-tools

for the purpose of streamlining design processes; drafting, documentation, and manufacturing processes.

CADD output is often in the form of electronic files for print or machining operations. The development of

CADD-based software is in direct correlation with the processes it seeks to economize; industry-based software

(construction, manufacturing, etc.) typically uses vector-based (linear) environments whereas graphic-based

software utilizes raster-based (pixelated) environments.

CAD definition : CAD extends for Computer Aided Drafting. CAD is a process of making drawing of an object

on the screen of computer .

There are various types of drawing required in the field of engineering ,science & technology.CAD is one

of them . overview of CAD with different streams.

Civil Engineering - In the field of civil engineering , plan & layout of building are prepared .

Mechanical Engineering – In the field of mechanical engineering ,drawing of machine component , machine

design & layout are prepared .

Electrical Engineering - In the field of electrical engineering layout of power distribution system is prepared .

In all other field of engineering use of computer is made for drawing and drafting .

In modern CAD system interactive computer graphics (ICG) is used. ICG system is combination of

hardware ,software & human designer.The ICG system is a main component of CAD . The other main

component is a human designer. The system magnifies the power of designer.

Traditional Drawing -

In Traditional drawing practice, the designer prepares rough free hand sketches of individual components. On

the basis designer’s line work and strength these sketches can be modified.This is followed by a labourius &

time consuming drawing work on the drawing board or drawing sheets.

Reasons for implementation of CAD system (Advantages)

1)To increase the productivity & accuracy of designer.

2)To improve the quality of design.

3)To create the Data-base for manufacturing.

4)To improve the efficiency in the design.

5)To save our time by shortening preparation and construction time.

6) It improves the quality of drawings produced as it offers better drawing visualization through colours.

7)It causes low wastage as does not require paper or drawing sheets to construct drawings.

8)It reduces man power requirement.

9)Printing can be done to any scale.

Application Of CAD

There are various process where we use CAD.

Automated Drafting :- It involves the creation of Hard Copy of engineering drawing directly from the

CAD data base.

Geometical Modelling :- It is concerned with the mathematical description of the geometry of an object.

Limitation Of CAD

1)A 32 bits word computer is necessary because large amount of computer memory is required .

2)The size of software package is very large.

3)Skills & judgement are required by designer whille making a drawing.

4)Huge investment is need to be made.

Some Important CAD softwares

1)COREL DRAW 2)MICROSFT-OFFICE 3)PAGE MAKER 4)MICRO STATION 5)PAINT

6)PHTO-PHINISH 7)COREL CAD 8)AUTO-CAD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

AUTO CAD

AUTO CAD is one of the 2D & 3D drafting & modelling software commonly used in engineering practice.

It is a powerful drafting tool that has a flexible features for the creation of drawing , editing & plotting.

The Machine drawing , isometric view & assembly drawing is possible in AUTO CAD.

AUTO CAD was first introduced by AUTO DESK (USA) in 1982.

Application Of AUTO-CAD

1)Preparation of 2D & 3D machine component drawing.

2)Preparation of graph using mathematical data

3)Preparation of building drawing.

4)Company logo and presentation.

5)preparation of work flow chart , map & layout etc.

AUTO CAD COMMANDS

To prepare the correct dimensional engineering drawing the co-ordinate system followed in Auto-Cad is used.

There are 4 co-ordinate system in AUTO CAD

i)Absolute Co-odinate System ii)Polar Co-ordinate system iii)Relative Co-ordinate System

iv)Direct Distance Co-ordinate System

We generally use Polar Co-ordinate System in AUTO CAD,in polar co-ordinate system points are

located to draw a line by defining the distance of points from the current position & the angle made to that

line.

BASIC DRAWING COMMANDS FOR AUTOCAD

Basic Draw Commands

CIRCLE: Draws circles of any size.

Command: Circle (enter)

3P/2P/TTR/<center point>: (pick a center point)

Diameter or <Radius>: (Pick a point on the circle)

LINE: Draws straight lines between two points

Command: LINE (enter)

From Point: (pick a point using the mouse)

To Point: (Pick a point using the mouse)

To Point: (Press return to end the command)

Specify first point (20,20)

Specify Next point (Undo) @60<0






Specify Next point (Undo/Close) press Enter to complete the drawing


By :- Agnihotri sir (7415712500) Infront C.M. House,Sherpura, Vidisha Download GATE syllabus & Ebooks at AEGC site www.aegc.yolasite.com & follow us at www.facebook.com/aegcsumit



ARC: Draws an arc (any part of a circle or curve) through three known points. Command: ARC (enter)

Center/ < Start point > : (pick the first point on the arc)

Center/End/ < Second point > : C

Center: (pick the arc's center point)

Angle/Length of chord/ <End point > : (pick the arc endpoint)

Editing Commands

CHANGE: Alters properties of selected objects

Command: CHANGE (enter)

Select objects or window or Last (select objects to be changed)

Properties/<Change point>: (type P)

Change what property (Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/Thickness)? (type Layer)

New Layer: (enter new layer name and press enter)

ERASE: Erases entities from the drawing.

Command: ERASE (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (Select objects to be erased and press enter when finished)

EXTEND: Lengthens a line to end precisely at a boundary edge.

Command: Extend (enter)

Select boundary edge(s)...

Select Objects (pick the line which represents the boundary edge which lines will be extended

to)

(press enter when finished selecting cutting edges)

<Select object to extend>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be extended

TRIM: Trims a line to end precisely at a cutting edge.

Command: Trim (enter)

Select cutting edge(s)...

Select Objects (pick the line which represents the cutting edge of line in which objects will be

trimmed to)

(press enter when finished selecting cutting edges)

<Select object to trim>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be trimmed)

Construction Commands

ARRAY: Makes multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular or circular pattern

Command: ARRAY (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (select object to array)

Rectangular or Polar array (R/P) <current>: (P)

Center point of array: (pick the point around which to form the array)

Angle to fill (+=CCW, -=Cw) <360>: (enter)

COPY: Draws a copy of selected objects.

Command: COPY (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be copied)

Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be use as a reference point)

Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location of the copied

object)





MIRROR: Makes mirror images of existing objects.

Command: MIRROR (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be mirrored)

First point of mirror line: (pick a point on top of the mirror line)

Second point: (pick a point on the bottom of the mirror line)

Delete old objects? <N> y or n (enter)

MOVE: Moves designated entities to another location.

Command: MOVE (enter)

Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to move)

Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be use as a reference point)

Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location of the object)

OFFSET: Constructs an entity parallel to another entity at a specified distance. Offset can be used with

lines, circles, arcs, and polylines.

Command: OFFSET (enter)

Offset distance or Through <last>: (enter a distance value)

Select object to offset: (select object to offset)

Side to offset: (Pick any point on the side of the object you wish to offset)

FILLET: Changes any corner to a rounded corner.

Command: FILLET

Polyline/Radius/Angle/Trim/Method/ <Select first line > : (pick the first line)

Select second line: (pick the second line)

CHAMFER: Changes any corner to an angled corner.

Command: CHAMFER

Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/ < Select first line > : (pick the first line)

Select second line: (pick the second line)

Crosshatching a drawing

BHATCH: Allows the user to crosshatch areas of a section view.

Command: BHATCH (enter)

The Boundary Hatch dialogue Box will be displayed. Select the Hatch Options box.

The Hatch Options box will be displayed. Select the Patterns box.

The Choose Hatch Pattern box will be displayed. Select the desired hatch pattern.

The Hatch Options box will be displayed again. You can select a scale and rotation angle for

the crosshatch pattern. Select the OK box when finished.





Agnihotri Engineering & GATE Classes Scripting success stories PROJECTION OF POINT

Q.1) Draw the Projection of the point for the following cases ?

a)Point A is 15 mm above HP & 40 mm in front VP?

b)Point A is 25 mm behind VP & 25 mm below HP?

c)Point A is 30 mm above HP & 20 mm behind VP ?

d)Point A is 25 mm above HP & 40 mm behind VP ?

e)Point A is 15 mm below HP & 50 mm in front of VP ?

f)Point A is 10 mm in front of VP & 45 mm below HP ?

g)Point A is 40 mm below HP 40 mm infront of VP ?

h)Point B is 30 mm from HP & 40 mm from VP ?

i)Point B is in HP & 25 mm in front of VP ?

j)Point B is in H & 40 mm behind VP?

k)Point B is in VP & 30 mm above HP ?

l)Point B is in the VP & 25 mm below HP ?

m)Point B is in both HP & VP ?

n)Point B is in both HP & VP & in third quadrant ?

Q.2)A point 30 mm above the X-Y line is the plan view of two points P & Q.Elevation of P is 45 mm above the

X-Y line while the elevation of Q is 35 mm below the X-Y line. Draw the projection & state the position of

points with respect to HP &VP ?

Q.3)A Point P is 15 mm above HP & 20 mm in front of VP & other point Q is 25 mm behind VP & 40 mm

below HP . Draw the projection of PQ keeping the distance between their projector 90 mm. Draw a straight

line joining their front view & top their view ?

Q.4)Two points A & B are in the HP. Point A is 30 mm in front of VP while B is behind the VP. The distance

between their projector is 75 mm & line joining their top view makes an angle of 45º with X-Y. Find the

distance of point B from VP ?






PROJECTION OF LINE

Stage –I ( General Questions )

Q.1) Draw the projection of a line AB 80 mm long which is parallel to HP & 25 mm above HP , parallel to VP

& 40 mm in front of VP ?

Q.2) Draw the projection of a line AB 80 mm long which is parallel to HP & 40 mm below HP , parallel to VP

& 25 mm behind VP ?

Q.3) Draw the projection of a line AB 75 mm long inclined at 30º to HP. One of its end A is 10 mm above HP.

The line is parallel to & 25 mm in front VP ?

Q.4) Draw the projection of a line AB 80 mm long inclined at 45º to HP . One end of the line A is in the HP. The

line is parallel to & 40 mm in front VP.

Q.5) A line AB is 75 mm long inclined at 30º to VP. One end of the line A is 10 mm in front of VP. The line is

parallel to & 25 mm above HP ?

Q.6) The front view of a line inclined at 30º to VP , is 65 mm long, Draw the projection of line when it is parallel

to & 40 mm above HP , Its one end being 30 mm infront of VP?

Q.7) Draw the projection of a line AB 50 mm long which is perpendicular to HP, one of its end A is 10 mm

above HP & 20 mm infront of VP ?

Q.8) Draw the projection of a line PQ 45 mm long & perpendicular to VP. One of its end P is 20 mm from both

the planes?

Q.9) A vertical line AB 75 mm long & perpendicular to HP , one of its end A is in the HP & 20 mm in front VP.

A line AC 100 mm long parallel to & in the HP & parallel to VP. Draw the projection of line joining B & C &

determine the inclination of line with the HP ?

Q.10) Two pags fixed on a wall are 4.5 meter apart. The distance between the pags measure parallel to floor is

3.6 meters. If one pag is 1.5 m above the floor, Find the height of the second pag & determine its inclination

with the floor ?

Stage – II ( Special Questions to be asked in the exam )

Q.11) A line AB 75 mm long inclined at 30º to HP & 45º to VP . One end of the line A is 10 mm above HP & 30

mm in front of VP, Draw its projection & determine its traces also ?

Q.12) A line AB 80 mm long, is inclined at 30º to HP & 45º to VP. One of its end A is in the HP & 40 mm in

front of VP . Draw its projection & show its traces also ?

Q.13) A line AB 80 mm long inclined at 45º to HP & 30º to VP. One of its end A is in the VP & 40 mm above

HP. Draw its projection & determine its traces also ?

Q.14)A line AB is 65 mm long , inclined at 55º to HP & 25º to VP. One of its end A is in the HP & 15mm

infront of VP. Draw its projection & determine its traces also ?

Q.15) A line AB 70 mm long inclined at 30º to HP & 45º to VP. One of its end A is in both HP & in the VP .

Draw its projection & determine its traces also?

Q.16)A line AB 80 mm long inclined at 45º to HP & 30º to VP. One of its end A is 20 mm from HP & 30 mm

from VP. ? Draw its projection & determine its traces also ?

Q.17) A line AB 75 mm long inclined at 30º to HP & 45º to VP. One of its end A is 25 mm below HP & 40 mm

behind VP. Draw its projection & determine its traces also?

Q.18) A line AB 65 mm long is inclined at 30º to HP & 60º to VP. One end of line A is 25mm above HP & 25

mm in front of VP. Draw its projection & determine its traces also?

Q.19) A line line AB 75 mm long is inclined at 45º to HP & 30º to VP. One end of the line B is in the HP & 40

mm in front of VP. Draw its projection & determine its traces also ?

Q.20) The end projector of line AB is 40 mm, One of its end A is 10 mm above HP & 15mm in front VP while

its other end B is 60 mm above HP & 70 mm in front of VP. Draw the projection of AB & determine the true

length & angle with two planes by using both method of rotation & trapezoidal ?

Stage III (Always asked in the Exam)

Q.21) Draw the projection of a line AB 90 mm long whose mid point M being 50 mm above HP & 40 mm in

front of VP. The end A of line is 20 mm above the HP & 10 mm in front of VP . Show the traces & also

determine the inclination of line with the HP & the VP ?

Q.22) A line AB 65 mm long inclined at 30º to HP & 45º to VP . One of its end A is the HP 15mm in front of VP

while its other end B is in the third quadrant . Draw its projection?

Q.23) A line AB 65 mm long is inclined at 30º HP & 60º to VP, one end of the line A is in the HP & 15mm in

front VP , while its other end B is in the third quadrant. Draw its projection ?

Q.24) Top view of a 75 mm long line is 65 mm while the length of its front view is 50 mm . One end of the line A

is in the HP & 15 mm in front of VP. Draw the projection of line & also determine its inclination with HP & VP

Q.25) The top view of 72 mm long line PQ measures 62.4, while the length of its front view is 49.2 mm. One of

its end P is in the VP & 12 mm above HP. Draw its projection & determine its inclination with two planes ?

Q.26) A line AB 90 mm long inclined at 45º to HP. One of its end A is in the HP & 15 mm in front of VP, its top

view makes an angle of 60º with the VP. Determine its true inclination with VP ?

Q.27) A line AB 90 mm long inclined at 30º to HP. One end of the line A is 12 mm above HP & 20 mm in front

VP. Its front view measures 65 mm. Draw its top view & determine its inclination with VP ?





Q.28)A line AB 65 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP & 25 mm in front VP.The end B is 40 mm above HP

& 60 mm in front. Draw the projection of AB & show its inclination with HP & VP ?

Q.29)The top view of a 75 mm long line AB measures 50 mm. One end of the line A is 15 mm above HP &

50mm in front of VP, while its other end is B is 20 mm in front of VP & is above HP. Draw the projection of AB

& determine its angle with two planes ?

Q.30)The top view of the 75 mm long line CD measures 50 mm. C is 50 mm in front of VP & 15 mm below HP.

D is 20 mm in front of VP & is above the HP. Draw the front view of CD & find its inclination with HP & VP.

Stage-IV (Miscellaneous problems, very important )

Q.31) The end projectors of the line AB are 50 mm apart , one end of the line A is 10 mm above HP & 20 mm in

front of VP while its other end B is 40 mm behind VP & 50 mm below HP. Draw the projection of AB

determine its true length , traces & angle with HP & VP ?

Q.32) End projector of line AB are 5cm apart. One end of the line A is 2 cm above HP & 3 cm in front of VP ,

while its other end B is 1 cm below & 4 cm behind VP. Draw the projection of AB & determine true length ,

traces & angle with HP & VP ?

Q.33)The end A of line AB is in the HP & 25 mm behind VP , End B is in the VP & 50 mm above HP. The

distance between end projector is 75 mm. Draw the projection of AB . Determine its true length , traces & angle

with both planes ?

Q.34) TV & FV of a line is equally inclined to both the planes. If end A of line AB is in front of VP & 20 mm

above HP & end B is behind VP & 40 mm below HP. Any point on this line is in the VP & 10 mm below HP. If

distance between end projector is given to be 60 mm .Draw the projection of line. Find the True length of line &

its inclination with both HP & VP?

Q.35) The end projector of line AB is 90 mm apart. A is 20 mm above HP while B is 45 mm behind VP. The HT

& VT of line coincide with each other on X-Y line between the two projectors & 35 mm away from the end A.

Draw the projection of AB. Determine its true length & inclination with two planes ?

Q.36) The distance between the end projector of line AB is 70 mm & projector through the traces are 110 mm

apart. The end A of line is 10 mm above HP, If the top view & front view of line makes an angle of 30º & 60º

with X-Y line respectively. Draw the projection of line AB & determine traces , angle with HP & VP & true

length of line?

Q.37)The projectors drawn from HT & VT of a straight line AB are 80 mm apart while those drawn from its

end are 50 mm apart. If the HT is 35 mm in front of VP & the VT is 55 mm above HP & end A is 10 mm above

HP. Draw the projection of line AB. Determine its true length & angle with two plane?

Q.38) The front view of a line AB makes an angle of 30º with X-Y.The HT of line is 45 mm in front of VP while

its VP is 30 mm below HP. One end of line A is 10 mm above HP & its other end B is 100 mm in front of VP.

Draw the projection of line & determine true length & inclination with HP & VP ?





Stage-V (Brain Twister- To sharpen your brain)

Q.39) The front view of a line AB measures 65 mm & makes an angle of 45º with X-Y. A is in the HP & the VT

of the line is 15 mm below HP. The line is incline at 30º to VP .Draw the projection of AB , Find its true length

& inclination line with HP ,Also locate its HT?

Q.40) The End A of line AB is 25 mm behind VP & is below the HP. The end B is 12 mm in front of VP & is

above the HP. The distance between the end projector is 65 mm. The line is inclined at 40º to HP Its HT is 20

mm behind the VP. Draw the projection of line ,also determine its true length & VT?

Q.41)The straight line AB is inclined at 30º to HP while its Top view is inclined at 45º to X-Y line. The end A is

20 mm in front of VP & it is below the HP. The end B is 75 mm behind the VP & is above the HP. Draw the

projection of the line when its VT is 40 mm below. Find the true length of the portion of straight line which is in

the second quadrant & locate its HT ?

Q.42)A line AB measures 100 mm, The projector through its VT & the end A are 40 mm apart. Point A is 30

mm below HP & 20 mm behind VP. The VT is 10 mm above HP. Draw the projection of line & determine its

HT & inclination with HP & VP ?

Q.43)A line PQ 100 mm long inclined at 30º to HP & 45º to VP ,Its mid point M is in the VP & 20 mm above

HP & 45º to VP , its mid point M is in the VP & 20 mm above HP. Draw its projection if its end P is in the 3rd

quadrant & Q is in the 1st quadrant?

Q.44) The front view of a 125 mm long line PQ measures 75mm & its TOP view measures 100 mm. Its end Q &

mid point M are in the 1st quadrant. M is 20 mm from both the planes. Draw the projection of PQ ?

Q.45) Two lines AB & AC both of length 60mm are 20mm from both HP & VP and they are making an angle

of 120º between them in their front view & Top view.AB is parallel to both HP & VP. Determine the real angle

between AB & AC ?






PROJECTION OF PLANES

Stage-( I ) Q.1) An equilateral triangle ABC having side 50 mm has its plane parallel to HP & perpendicular to VP.

Draw its projection & show its traces also?

Q.2) A rectangular plate ABCD having side 30 mm × 50 mm has its plane parallel to VP & perpendicular to

HP. Draw its projection & show its traces also?

Q.3) An equilateral triangle ABC having side 50 mm has one of its side is in the HP , its plane is inclined at

45º to HP & perpendicular to VP. Draw its projection & show its traces also?

Q.4) A square ABCD having side 50 mm resting on one of its corner is in the HP. Its plane is inclined at 30º

HP & perpendicular to VP. Draw its projection & show its traces also?

Q.5) A regular Hexagon having side 40 mm resting on one of its corner is in the HP. Its plane is inclined at

30º to HP & perpendicular to VP. Draw its projection & show its traces also?

Q.6) Draw the projection of a circle of 5cm diameter ,having its plane vertical & inclined at 30º to VP . Its

center is 3 cm above the HP & 2cm in front VP . Also show its traces?

Q.7) A pentagonal plate of 45 mm side has a circular hole of 40 mm diameter in its center . The plane stands

on one of its side on the HP with its plane perpendicular to VP & inclined at 45º to HP ? Draw its projection

& show its traces also?

Q.8) Draw the regular hexagon of 40 mm side & with its two sides vertical. Draw a circle of 40 mm diameter

in its center.The figure represents a hexagonal plate with a hole in it & having its surface parallel to the VP.

Draw its projection when the surface is vertical & inclined at 30º to the VP.Assume that thickness of plate is

equal to that of line.

Stage ( II )

Q.9) An equilateral triangle ABC having side 50 mm has one of its side is in the HP & inclined at 60º to VP.

Its plane is inclined at 45º to HP & perpendicular to VP ?

Q.10) A 30º- 60º set square having longest side 80 mm is so kept that longest side is in the HP inclined at 30º

to the VP, Its surface is inclined at 45º to HP. Draw its projection ?

Q.11) A regular hexagon having side 30 mm with one of its side is in the HP & inclined at 60º to VP , its

surface is inclined at 45º to HP & perpendicular to VP . Draw its projection?

Q.12) A regular Hexagon having side 30 mm has a corner is in the HP, its surface is inclined at 45º to HP &

the top view of diagonal through which the corner is in the HP makes an angle of 60º with the VP. Draw its

projection?

Q.13) A regular pentagon having side 30 mm has one of its side is in the HP & inclined at 60º to VP. Its plane

makes an angle of 45º with HP. Draw its projection ?

Q.14) Draw the projection of a pentagonal plane having side 30 mm resting on HP with one of its edge in it.

The surface is inclined at 45º to HP & perpendicular from mid-point of resting edge makes an angle of 30º

with VP.

Q.15) Draw the projection of an equilateral triangle ABC having side 30 mm & one of its side is in the VP &

inclined at an angle of 60º HP. Its plane makes an angle of 45º with VP.

Q.16) A square ABCD having side 50 mm has its corner A is in the HP , Its diagonal AC is inclined at 30º to

HP & the diagonal BD is inclined at 45º to the VP & parallel to the HP. Draw its projection ?

Q.17) Draw the projection of a rhombus having diagonal 125 mm & 50 mm long & the smaller being parallel

to both HP & VP ,while the other is inclined at 30º to HP ?

Q.18) A rhombus of diagonal 100 mm & 60 mm long , with the longer diagonal horizontal is a figure of top

view of a square of 100 mm long diagonal, with a corner on the ground. Draw its front view & determine

the angle which its surface makes with the ground ?

Q.19) A Plate having the shape of an isosceles triangle with base 50 mm & altitude 70 mm. It is so placed that

in front view it is seen as an equilateral triangle of 50 mm long side & one of its side is inclined at 45º to

X-Y . Project its top view?

Q.20) A semicircle plate of 80 mm diameter has its straight edge in the VP & inclined at 45 to the HP. The

surface of plate makes an angle of 30º with the VP. Draw its projection?

Q.21) A rectangular plate ABCD measuring 60 mm × 30 mm has its shortest side is in the VP & inclined at

30º to the HP. Project its top view , if front view is a square of 30 mm long side ?

Q.22) A regular pentagon having side 35 mm has one of its side in the HP. Its plane is inclined at 45º to the

HP. Draw its three views?

Q.23) A regular hexagon having side 40 mm resting on one of its corner is in the HP, its plane is inclined at

45º to the ground . Draw its three views?

Q.24) A square ABCD having side 50 mm has its plane perpendicular to both HP & VP. Draw its projection

& show its traces also?

Q.25) The top view of the plane the surface of which is perpendicular to VP & inclined at 60º to HP is a circle

of 60 mm diameter. Draw its three views ?






PROJECTION OF SOLID

Stage ( I ) ( Generally asked in the exam)

Q.1) A square prism having side 40 mm & axis 65mm long resting on an edge of its base on HP & inclined at

30˚ to VP . Its axis is inclined at 45º to HP. Draw its projection?

Q.2) A pentagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side & axis 50 mm long has one of its triangular face in the VP & edge

of the base contained by that face makes an angle of 30º with the HP. Draw its projection ?

Q.3) A Pentagonal pyramid having side 30 mm & axis 65 mm long lying on HP , one of its triangular face is in

the HP with its axis parallel to VP & edge of the base contained by that face makes an angle of 30º with the VP.

Draw its projection ?

Q.4) A cube having side 40 mm resting on one of its corner of its base is in the HP. Its base is inclined at 45º to

HP while the vertical faces of the cube remain parallel to VP. Draw its three views ?

Q.5 A triangular prism having side 40 mm & axis 65mm long resting on HP . One of its rectangular face with

its axis parallel to both HP & VP. Draw its three views?

Q.6 A pentagonal prism base 30 mm side & axis 65mm long resting on one of its rectangular face is in the HP

with its axis inclined at 45º to VP & parallel to HP. Draw its projection?

Q.7) A tetrahedron of 75 mm long edge has one edge parallel to HP & inclined at 45º to VP, While a face

containing that edge is vertical,. Draw its projection ?

Q.8) A hexagonal prism , base 30 mm side & axis 75 mm long, has an edge of the base parallel to the HP &

inclined at 45º to VP. Its axis makes an angle of 60º with the HP.Draw its projection ?

Q.9) A square pyramid , base 40 mm side & axis 90 mm long , has a triangular face on the ground & the

vertical plane containing the axis makes an angle of 45º with the VP. Draw its projection?

Q.10 )A hexagonal pyramid having side 30 mm & axis 70 mm long ,resting on HP on one of its triangular face

in the HP with its axis parallel to VP & the top view of axis makes an angle of 30º with VP. Draw its projection

?

Q.11) A hexagonal pyramid having side 30 mm & axis 70 mm long resting on an edge of its base in the HP &

inclined at 45º to VP. Its axis is inclined at 30º to HP. Draw its projection?

Q.12) A hexagonal pyramid, base 25 mm side & axis 55 mm long, has one of its slant edge on the ground. A

plane containing that edge & axis is perpendicular to HP & inclined at 45º to VP . Draw its projection when

the apex is nearer the VP than the base ?

Q.13) Draw the projection of a cone, base 60 mm diameter & axis 70 mm long, resting on one of its generator is

in the HP, With its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projection when the top view of the axis makes an angle of 30º

with the VP , taking the apex nearest to VP .

Q.14) Draw the projection of a cone, base 50 mm diameter & axis 75 mm long, lying on a generator on the

ground, With the top view of the axis making an angle of 45º with the VP.

Q.15 A cylinder having diameter 60 mm & axis 70 mm long lying on the ground with its axis inclined at 30º to

VP & parallel to the ground. Draw its projections?

Stage ( II )Miscellaneous problems on auxiliary plane

Q.16) A square pyramid base, 38 mm side & axis 50 mm long, is freely suspended from one of the corner of its

base. Draw its projections, when the axis as a vertical plane makes an angle of 45º with VP. When a pyramid is

suspended freely from a corner of its base , the imaginary line joining that corner with the center of gravity of

pyramid will be vertical.

Q.17) A square pyramid of 50 mm side & 60 mm axis is resting on one of its triangular face on the HP having a

short edge containing that face parallel to VP. Draw the projection of pyramid using auxiliary plane method?

Q.18 ) A square prism, with the side of its base 40 mm & axis 70 mm long is lying on one of its base edge on the

HP in such a way that this edge makes an angle of 45º with the VP & the axis is inclined at 30º to HP. Draw the

projection of the solid using auxiliary plane method .


By :- Agnihotri sir (7415712500) Infront C.M. House,Sherpura, Vidisha Download

GATE syllabus & Ebooks at AEGC site www.aegc.yolasite.com & follow us at www.facebook.com/aegcsumit




SECTION OF SOLID

Q.1) A hexagonal pyramid having side 30 mm & axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP with an edge

parallel to VP.

a) Draw its front view & sectional top view ,If it is cut by a section plane parallel to HP & 30 mm above the

base.

b) Draw its front view , sectional top view & true shape of the section, If it is cut by a section plane

perpendicular to VP & inclined at 45˚ to HP.

c) Draw its top view & sectional front view , If it is cut by a vertical section plane parallel to VP & 12mm away

from the top view of the axis.

d) Draw its Top view , sectional front view & true shape of the section, If it is cut by vertical section plane the

HT of which makes an angle of 45˚ with X-Y & 12 mm away from the top view of the axis.

Q.2) A square pyramid having side 40 mm & axis 65 mm long resting on its base on HP & all the edges of the

base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP & inclined at 45˚ to HP &

bisecting the axis. Draw its front view,sectional top view ,side view & true shape of the section?

Q.3) A hexagonal pyramid having side 30 mm and axis 65mm long resting on its base on HP with an edge

parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45˚ to HP and intersecting the

axis at a point 25mm above the base. Draw its FV, Sectional top view , Sectional side view & true shape of the

section ?

Q.4) A cone diameter of base 60 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP .It is cut by section plane

perpendicular to VP and inclined at 75˚ to HP and passing through the apex of the cone , Draw its front view

, sectional top view and true shape of the section?

Q.5) A cone diameter of base 60 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP .It is cut by a section plane

perpendicular to VP and parallel to one of the end generator and 15 mm away from it. Draw its front view

,sectional top view and true shape of the section?

Q.6) A cone diameter of base 60 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by an AIP so that

the true shape of the section is an isosceles triangle having base 50 mm. Draw the plan , the elevation and true

shape of the section ?

Q.7) A right circular cone having diameter 60 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a

section plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 45˚ to HP and intersecting the axis 30 mm away from the apex.

Draw its front view , Sectional top view , Side view and true shape of the section?

Q.8) A vertical cylinder having diameter 50 mm and axis 60 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a

section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45˚ to HP and intersecting the axis 30 mm above the base .

Draw its FV, Sectional Top view, Side view and true shape of the section?

Q.9) A cylinder 50 mm diameter and axis 60 mm long , is resting on the ground. It is cut by a sectional plane

perpendicular to VP , the VT of which cuts the axis at a point 40 mm from the base and makes an angle of 45˚

with HP. Draw its front view , sectional top view and another top view on AIP parallel to the section plane?

Q.10) A cylinder 55 mm diameter and 65 mm long , has its axis parallel to both HP and VP. It is cut by a

sectional plane inclined at 30˚ to VP , so that the axis is cut at a point 30 mm from one of its ends and both the

bases of the cylinder are partially cut. Draw its sectional front view and true shape of the section?

Q.11) A square prism having side 40 mm and axis 80 mm long resting on its base on HP and the vertical faces

of the square are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section parallel to VP and 6 mm away from the top view

of the axis. Draw its top view and sectional front view?

Q.12) A square prism having side 40 mm and axis 80 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a section

plane perpendicular to VP , inclined at 60˚ to HP and intersecting the axis 55 mm above the base. Draw its

front view and sectional top view. Project another top view on AIP parallel to the section plane?

Q.13) A square prism axis 110 mm long resting on its base on HP. The edge of the base are equally inclined to

VP. The prism is cut by an AIP passing through the mid point of the axis in such a way that true shape of the

section is a rhombus having diagonal 100 mm and 50 mm long. Draw the projections and determine the

inclination of AIP with the HP .

Q.14) A cube of 50 mm long edge has its vertical faces equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane

perpendicular to VP so that the true shape of the section is a regular hexagon. Determine the inclination of the

cutting plane with HP. Draw the sectional top view and true shape of the section ?

Q.15) A tetrahedron of 65 mm long edges is lying on the HP on one of its faces, with an edge perpendicular to

VP so that the true shape of the section is an isosceles triangle of base 50 mm long and altitude 40 mm. Find the

inclination of the section plane with HP and draw the front view , sectional top view and true shape of the

section?


By :- Agnihotri sir (7415712500) Infront C.M. House,Sherpura, Vidisha

Download GATE syllabus & Ebooks at AEGC site www.aegc.yolasite.com & follow us at www.facebook.com/aegcsumit




DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

Q.1) A hexagonal prism having side 30 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP with an edge parallel

to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP inclined at 45º to HP and bisecting the axis. Draw its

front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section?

Q.2) A square prism, having side 40 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP and vertical faces of the

square are equally inclined to VP. A horizontal hole of 30 mm diameter is drilled centrally through the prism in

such a way that the axis of the hole bisects the axis of the prism. Draw the development of the surface of the

prism and the hole?

Q.3) A cube having side 40 mm resting on its base on HP and vertical faces of the square are equally inclined to

VP. It is cut by a section plane which makes an angle of 45º with the ground and passing through a distance of

20 mm from the base on the axis. Draw its front view, Sectional top view and development of its lateral surface?

Q.4) A cylinder having diameter 60 mm and Axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a section

plane inclined at 45º to HP and passing through the mid point of the axis. Draw the development of its lateral

surface?

Q.5) Draw the development of cylinder for the surface of part ‘P’ , the front view of which is shown in figure

[a]?

Q.6) Draw the development of cylinder for the surface of part ‘Q’ , the front view of which is shown in figure

[b]?

Q.7) Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder of diameter 60 mm and axis 70 mm long

resting on its base on HP . A horizontal square hole of 25 mm side is drilled centrally through the cylinder in

such a way that the axis of the hole bisect the axis of the cylinder and all the edges of the square are equally

inclined to HP. Draw the development of the cylinder and the square hole?

Q.8) A square pyramid having side 40 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP and all the edges of

the base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45º to HP

and bisecting the axis. Draw its front view, sectional top view and development of its lateral surfaces.

Q.9) A square pyramid having side 40 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP with an edge

perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 45º and intersecting the axis 40 mm above the base.

Draw its front view, sectional top view and development of its lateral surface?

Q.10) A frustum of square pyramid has its base of 50 mm side , top 25 mm side and height 75 mm , its axis is

vertical and a side of its base is parallel to VP then …

a) Draw the development of its lateral surface?

b) Draw the development, showing the line joining the mid point of a top edge of one face with the mid point

of bottom edge of the opposite face, by the shortest distance?

Q.11) A hexagonal pyramid having side 30 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP with an edge

parallel to VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP inclined at 45º to HP and intersecting the axis 35

mm from the base. Draw its front view, sectional top view and development of its lateral surface?

Q.12 A hexagonal pyramid having side 30 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP with an edge

perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a section plane inclined at 30º to HP and passing through the extreme edge of

the pyramid. Draw its front view and development of its lateral surface?

Q.13 A right circular cone having diameter 60 mm and axis 70 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by a

section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45º to HP and intersecting the axis 35 mm from the apex.

Draw its front view and development of its lateral surface?

Q.14 Draw the development of the cone for surface ‘R’ the front view of which is shown in figure [c] ?

Q.15 Draw the development of the surface of cone, the front view of which is shown in figure [d]?

Q.16 A cone having diameter 70 mm and axis 80 mm long resting on its base on HP. It is cut by vertical section

plane the HT of which makes an angle of 45º with X-Y and passing through a distance of 15 mm from the top

view of the axis. Draw its sectional elevation and also draw the development of the surface of truncated cone ?

INTERSECTION OF SURFACES Q.1)A vertical cylinder of 80mm diameter is penetrated by another cylinder of 60mm diameter, the axis of both

is 100mm & that of penetrating cylinder is parallel to both HP & VP and it also bisect the vertical cylinder.

Draw the projection showing curve of intersection on two cylinders?

Q.2)A vertical cylinder of 50mm diameter and 70mm long axis & resting on its base on HP, is completely

penetrated by another cylinder of same diameter and length. Their axis bisects each other at right angle & the

axis of penetrating cylinder is parallel to both HP & VP. Draw the projection showing lines of penetration of

the two cylinders?





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