agr 4501 pasture management 1 agr 4501 pasture management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management1

AGR 4501PASTURE MANAGEMENT


OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session you will be able to: Understand the importance of pastures in

ruminant production Identify the common sown pasture grasses

and legumes in Malaysia Identify common native grass species Establish and manage pastures for long term

production


STATUS OF RUMINANT IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA

Most backward compared to poultry and pigs Low self sufficiency levels 25% for beef, 9%

for mutton, 5% for dairy Dominated by small farmers Lack of feed resources


PROSPECTS FOR RUMINANT INDUSTRY

High income – higher consumption of animal products (beef: 1990 – 3.5 kg; 2000 – 5.3 kg)

Vast areas of plantations (6 m ha) that can be integrated with ruminant production

Strong government support to reduce food importation


Livestock statistics

livestock statistics


Self sufficiency


PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Prior 1970’s animals grazed on native grasses except for Napier and Guinea

1972 – MARDI started work in introducing new pasture grasses and legumes

1972-73 – large farms established by MAJUTERNAK on model of temperate farms

1985 open pastures found to be high cost and low returns

1985-2000 – campaign to encourage plantation-livestock integration


TYPES OF GRASSLANDS

Natural grasslands (24% of world’s vegetation)

Induced grasslands (result of man’s disturbance)

Sown grasslands Grasslands associated with plantations


Natural grasslands


Prairies

PampasVeld Savanna

Steppes


Australian Savanna Grassland


Herding Hereford cattle in Australian extensive farm


New Zealand Alpine Grasslands


MONGOLIAN- Manchurian Grasslands - Steppes


Sown grasslands


New Zealand Dairy Pasture


New Zealand dairy calves


New Zealand Farm boy


Traditional low-input systems


Malaysian goats scavenging garbage


Free grazing


Malaysian KK cattle – roadside grazers


Malaysian KK cattle on induced pastures


Supplementing Induced pastures with fodder grasses


Improved pastures in Malaysia


Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978


Darabif Cattle Farm, Pahang Tenggara, 1978


Darabif Farm pasture, on jungle fringes

forest

Forest regeneration


ALFALFA (LUCERNE)


ALFALFA


Integration of livestock with crops


Immature rubber with grass and legume undergrowth

legumes

grass


Sheep grazing under mature rubber

Ferns largely uneaten


Sown MARDI Digit grass beside oil palm estate (Guthrie)


Sheep integrated with oil-palm plantation


Cattle under coconut plantation - Philippines


Cattle under coconuts - Philippines


Young rubber with leguminous cover crops


Mature canopy shades out light for grasses


Sown grasses (Brachiaria humidicola) in interrows of traditionally planted rubber


Double hedge-row planting system of rubber delays shading of pasture


Using crop by products


Cattle grazing on rice stubble and stover after harvest - Thailand


Friesian cattle feeding on collected rice straw


Brewer’s grain, byproduct of beer manufacture, being used for animal feed


Poultry manure being used to increase protein in feedlot


Feedlot cattle on crop byproducts


Oil-palm frond (OPF) being chopped for easy feeding


Cattle feeding on freshly chopped OPF


Chopping corn stover for feed

AGR 4501 Pasture Management58Chopping OPF for making OPF dry pellets


Mechanized collection and chopping of OPF


OPF drying facility, MARDI


Loading of baled padi straw


Straw left after harvest

agr 4501 pasture management 1 agr 4501 pasture management

Documents

pasture management slide

pasture development

malaysia slide

garbage slide

new pasture grasses

self sufficiency slide

common sown pasture

food importation slide