agra administrative law reviewer 05.04.14

7/26/2019 Agra Administrative Law Reviewer 05.04.14

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Administrative Lawand Administrative

Agencies

Alberto C. AgraProfessor of Laws, Ateneo Law School

2014


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Administrative Law

Denition: All the laws that regulate or control theadministrative organization and operations of thegovernment

Classications:

1 !nternal and "#ternal Administration

$ Law that Controls and those made %& AdministrativeAgencies

' Su%stantive or Procedural Administrative Law

( )eneral or Special Administrative Law

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra $


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Administrative Agencies (AAs)

An agenc& which e#ercises some signicant form orcom%ination of e#ecutive, legislative or +udicial powers-(th.ranch/0

!nclude %oards, commissions, departments, %ureaus,

oces, authorities, government corporations, governmentinstrumentalities, and local governments

*ationale: comple#, diverse and specialized concerns

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra '


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Creation of AAs

1 Constitution$ Congress Law2 for 3uasi4Corporations 5

economicall& via%le and common good2

L)6s 4 ple%iscite0' President "#ecutive 7rder2 %& authorit&

under the Constitution or of law0

( Supreme Court reclassication %&Decision0

8 Administrative Agencies themselvesArticles of !ncorporation2 %& authorit& of

law0 Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra (


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Government Bureaucracy

oAdministrative Agenc&

oPu%lic 7ces

oational )overnment

Agenc&oPu%lic Corporations

o)overnment47wned and 5Controlled Corporationsoriginal charter or specialcharter0

o)overnment!nstrumentalities withCorporate Powers

o )overnment ;inancial !nstitution

o 3uasi4Corporation

o 3uasi4Pu%lic Corporation

o


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Public Oces (POs) !lements

1 Creation

$ Sovereign Power

' Stated Powers

( *elationship with other P7s

8 Continuing and Permanent

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 9


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"elineation

oAll PCs are AAs, %ut not all AAs are PCs eg D.Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra >


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C#arter !nabling $nstrument

1 ame

$ Principles

' ?urisdiction

@ Structure

.udget1BDissolution

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra @


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C#aracteristics of AAs

1 Size

$ Specialization

' *esponsi%ilit& for *esults

( ariet& of Administrative Duties

8 Delegated Authorities

9 Accounta%ilit&

> *elationships

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra


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%y&es of AAs

1 7ers gratuities, grants or privileges (PAO)

$ Performs specic governmental functions (BIR)

' 6ndertaEes pu%lic service (MWSS)

( *egulates %usinesses aected with pu%lic interest (NTC)

8 "#ercises police power to regulate private %usinesses(SEC)

9 *esolves controversies (NLRC)

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 1B


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Administrative 'elations#i&

Areas: policies, operations, %udget, decisions, da&4to4da&,polic& and program coordination

F&pes:

1 Supervision and Control (substitute

judgmet! "u#es $ %$& t$ e'eute t! #te"*eg$! e+g+ P"esidet d ,OTC)

$ Administrative Supervision ($-e"sig%t."e/$"ts. /"$/e" /e"$"me! $t $-e"//$itmets d $t"ts. $t "e-e"se

deisi$s! e+g+ ,e/"tmet d Regu#t$"Ageies ,OE d ERC! Cit d B"g)

' Attachment (sit i B$"d! "e/$"tig! $t d*t$*d! e+g+ ,PW3 d MWSS)



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Powers

Possesses Delegated, not !nherent, Powers

Su%ordinate, not Superior, to "na%ling !nstrument

Li%eral, not Strict, !nterpretation of Powers

AA cannot prohi%it what law does not prohi%it

.asic Powers

1 !nvestigative

$ *ule4


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"elegation of Powers

Potestas delegata non potest delegari

"#ceptions: President 5 tari and emergenc&

Local )overnments

PeopleGs !nitiative Administrative Agencies

Fests of alid Delegation: Completeness the HwhatG02 and

Sucient Standards ma& %e %road2 need not %e stated in law02

not vague

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 1'


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$nvestigative Powers

"#press )rant

1 Contempt$ Su%poena

' Search

(P"esee $$use# $t"eui"ed)

"#press or !mplied1 ;act4;inding

$ 7cular

!nspection' isitorial

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 1(

partaEes of +udicial discretion, not+udicial function


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'ulea*ing

Denition: Power to !ssue *ules= ;ill in details= HIowGnotHJhatG0 a Law will %e implemented

ature: !nferior= Su%ordinate cannot change, amend orconKict with charter or law0

*ationale: regulation highl& comple#, future situations cannot

%e full& anticipated



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'ulea*ing

E5ets

1 ;orce and eect of law

$ !nterpretations persuasive not controlling0

' Presumed legal and constitutional

( 7perative eect

8 Su%+ect to +udicial review

9 Su%+ect to repeal and amendment

> Prospective application



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'ulea*ing

Reuisites

1 %& authorit& of law

$ not contrar& to law content0

' properl& promulgated process 5 pu%lication2 hearing, ifreuired %& law0

( *easona%leo *elation to purpose

o Supported %& good reasons

o ot ar%itrar&o ;ree from legal inrmities

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 1>


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%y&es of 'ules (P$P$C+)

Type Grant Publication

+u&&lementary

"#press "0or !mplied !0

*euired

$nter&retative

" or ! ot *euired

Contingent " *euired

Penal " *euiredProcedural " or ! *euired

$nternal " or ! ot *euired

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 1@


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$nvalid !,ercise 'ulea*ing

Law RuleCreates A%olishes

Strict *euirements Li%eralizes *euirements

o *euirement !mposes *euirement

Stated *euirement Alters= Deletes*euirement

"numeration "#clusive Adds= Deletes*euirement

o Classication Discriminates= ClassiesLimited Application "#pands Application

;i#ed Period Changes Period

Continue Practice Discontinues Practice

)rant Power ullies PowerAdministrative Law *eviewer, Agra 1


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-uasiudicial Power

)rant of Power: "#press

Denition: Deciding controversies, resolving conKictingclaims and positions

"#tent: 7rdinaril& onl& uestions of fact uestions of lawor mi#ed if e#pressl& permitted under the Charter= law0

Limitation: Su%+ect to ?udicial *eview

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra $B


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Classes -uasiudicial Power

1 Directing corrective= award0 5 b6&ges

$ "na%ling grant= permit0 5 g"t $ "%ise

' Dispensing e#empt= relieve0 5 mest

( Summar& compel= force0 5 ese d desist

8 "uita%le

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra $1


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-uasiLegislative or udicial

Application for rate increase %& a particular pu%lic utilit&(78)

!ncrease rates for all %uses (7L)

Setting ualication standards (7L)

Disualif&ing a candidate (78)

Procedures for appl&ing for a franchise (7L)

*evoEing a specic franchise (78)

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra $$


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-uasiLegislative and udicialTopic Quasi-Judicial Quasi-

Legislative

)rant " " or !

Parties Particular All= Sectors

Adversarial Mes oControvers& "#ists one

otice andIearing

*euired ot *euiredunless law0

Primar&="#haustion

Applica%le ot Applica%le

Fime Past= Present ;uture

Pu%lication ot *euired Depends

*es ?udicata Applica%le ot Applica%leAdministrative Law *eviewer, Agra $'


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Administrative Proceedings

Character: Adversarial, uasi4+udicial, civil?urisdiction: Dened %& Law= Charter not %& AA or parties0

ature: Power to Ad+udicate ot Delega%le power tohear= receive evidence can %e delegated0

Due Process D!A0: Decision, !mpartial Fri%unal, oticeand Appear= Defend

Procedure: reasona%le, due process, meet ends, pu%lished

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra $(


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otice and Iearingo*euired actual or constructive0

oSu%+ect to waiver and estoppel

oCura%le ie, su%seuentl& heard, ling of motion ofreconsideration, attend oral arguments0

oPosition papers allowedoot reuired when privilege, a%atement, conditional right,

legislative or administrative

*ight to counsel not imperative

;ull Iearing: All Claims, *e%uttal, "vidence and Cross4

"#amination dispensa%le0



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"videnceoSu%stantial unless law provides dierent uantum0

o7cular allowed when relevant0

oAdoption of reports allowed

Decision: .ases, ;orm need not %e full4%lown0, Parties, All!ssues and "vidence

"nforcement: %& AA if authorized %& law if not, courts0



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Administrative /indings

AA ndings are not conclusive and nal %efore courts

)iven weight, not distur%ed unless:oot %ased on su%stantial evidence

o;raud, mistaEe, collusion

oPalpa%le errors

o)rave a%use of discretion

o


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"efenses udicial 'eviewPremature

1 Doctrine of /inality of Administrative Action:Decision of AA must %e nal %efore ?udicial *eview2"#ceptions:

o interlocutor& orderso protect rightso violate Constitutiono e#cessive use of power

$ Doctrine of Primary urisdiction:AA concurrent withcourts2 needs administrative discretion and e#pertise of

AA

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra $


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"efenses udicial 'eviewPremature

' Doctrine of 'i&eness for 'eview:Controvers& must%e real, present or imminent not future= imaginar&=remote0

( Doctrine of !,#austion of Administrative

'emedies: e#haust all administrative remedies%efore recourse to courts, condition precedent, with1 e#ceptions, namel&:PLC+ "'$!" "A'0 CL'0%

Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra 'B


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!,ce&tions 0on!,#austion

PLC+

3uestions

essentiall&udicial

Administrative*emed& is

PermissivePure uestion ofLaw

Constitutionalit&

"'$!"6tter disregardfor "ue Process

o plain speed&'emed&

Strong pu%lic$nterest

!stoppel

Continued andunreasona%le

"ela&Administrative Law *eviewer, Agra '1


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!,ce&tions 0on!,#austion

"A'0

!rrepara%le"amage %& part&

Alter "go .earsapproval ofPresident

o administrative'eview isprovided

!nsistence on

e#haustion will

CL'0%

Civil action fordamages

Land not part of

pu%lic domainSpecial 'easonsdemandingimmediate

+udicial reliefo "ecisionrendered

%ranscendentalAdministrative Law *eviewer, Agra '$


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Administrative Law *eviewer Agra '(

agra administrative law reviewer 05.04.14

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