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IntroductionHow Robot worksFuture farmNeed of Robotic agricultureTypes of RobotsRobots used in agricultureAdvantages and disadvantagesCase studyConclusion

INTRODUCTION• The word robot was derived from the Czech word robota – forced labor or work.

• A robot is a mechanical, artificial agent and is usually an electromechanical system.

• The robot is able to autonomously, according to the program, or under the control of a man running, most dangerous, difficult and laborious, and persevering and precise tasks.

Agricultural Robotics is the logical proliferation of automation technology into biosystems such as agriculture, forestry, green house, horticulture etc.

In agriculture, the opportunities for robot-enhanced productivity are immense – and the robots are appearing on farms in various guises and in increasing numbers.

The idea of robotic agriculture is not a new one.

How Robot works•Robots can move and sense.

•They require multiple sensors and controls that allow them to move in an unknown environment.

FUTURE FARMIn the fully-automated Farm of the Future, dedicated robots will take on the tough farming jobs that once could be done only by people.

It is not just on the ground that technology promises to transform farming. Unmanned Air Vehicles, or drones, are also coming into play on farms.

NEED OF ROBOTIC AGRICULTURE

*Sustain domestic agriculture*Facilitates 24/7 operations*Improves safety*Reduces labor needs*Reduces chemical usage

TYPES OF ROBOTSOAutonomous robots• Work completely under the control of

a computer program• Tele-controlled robots/ Remote-controlledO Work under the control of humans or

computer programs• Robots are controlled by humans

with a controller such as a joystick or other hand-held device.

TYPES OF ROBOTS USED IN AGRICULTURE

Demeter (used for harvesting)

Weed control robot Forester robotFruit picking robotDronesAgriculture robot suit

DEMETER Robot for weed control

Forester robot Fruit picking robot

Drones

ADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS Robots can work 24 hours a day, every day with no breaks.

Robots don’t need to be paid wage (so money is saved).

Robots are extremely accurate compared to humans, so product quality is high.

Robots can perform tasks more quickly than humans, so more products can be made.

Robots can work in very dangerous conditions.

DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTSRobots cannot easily adapt to unusual conditions like a human being can (e.g. if an item on the line is not in correct place, a human worker would notice and correct it).

People are made unemployed because robots are doing their job.

Robots are very expensive and it can take several years to pay for them.

Study focuses on the economic feasibility of applying autonomous robotic vehicles compared to conventional systems in three different applications: robotic weeding in high value crops (particularly sugar beet), crop scouting in cereals and grass cutting on golf courses.

OBJECTIVE

METHODOLOGY

• In all three scenarios, we compared the costs and potential benefits of the potential commercial use of autonomous vehicles with conventional operations and management practices.

Case 1 : Field scouting• In the field scouting scenario, we compared autonomous field scouting for

weeds in cereals with the manual detection of weeds.

• The autonomous system requires an API vehicle and cameras for weed

detection and mapping.

• The vehicle has a height clearance of 0.6 m and track width of 1 m.

• It is equipped with a Real Time Kinematics-Global Positioning System (RTK-

GPS) and, on the top of the frame, there is an operating console and an

implement for the agricultural operation, e.g. spraying or weeding tools.

• The vehicle communicates with the farm management PC for navigation,

according to the computed route plan, as well as collision avoidance .

• An aluminium frame,

• Four wheel-drive,

• Four-wheel steering with two motors per wheel, one

providing propulsion and the other steering to achieve

higher resistance to slippery terrains and more mobility

COST STRUCTURE for robotic systemCost structure € / YEAR RUPEES/YEARCapital costs 951 67,360.05Depreciation 3,802 2,69,298.53Maintenance 1,141 80,817.89GPS- RTK signal yearly fee

1615 1,14,391.67

GPS- RTK signal costs, variable costs

156 1,1049.60

Additional cost for fuel loading

135 9,562.15

Total costs 7,799 5,52,409.06Total cost €/ha/year – 15.6 (1,104.96 rs/ha/year)

Cost structure for conventional system

• Labour costs for manual weed detection 0.72h/ha/year (Pedersen 2003)

at 27€/h – 19.4 (1374.12 rs)• Total costs, €/ha/year - 19.4 (1374.12 rs/ha/year)

PRESENTATION CONCLUSION There are many advantages to robotics as well as

controlling the high cost of labor. The jobs in agriculture are a drag, dangerous,

require intelligence and quick, though highly repetitive decisions hence robots can be rightly substituted with human operator.

The higher quality products can be sensed by machines (color, firmness, weight, density, ripeness, size, shape) accurately.