agricultural and biological engineering purdue universitystudy design summary ¾twenty...

National Air Emissions Monitoring Study

Purdue Agricultural Air Quality Laboratory

Albert J. Heber, [email protected]

www.AgAirQuality.com

Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Purdue University

mailto:[email protected]

NAEMS ObjectiveDetermine whether livestock farms are likely to emit PM and VOC in excess of

CAA thresholds, or NH3 and H2S in excess of CERCLA and EPCRA reporting

requirements.

8 states$14.6M (incl. admin + contingency)2.5 yrs24 months of monitoring

Air emissions from two to three barns per site will be measured for 24 months using accepted methods.

NAEMS Timeline1/04 1/06 1/071/05 1/08

Protocol development

PI selection, staffing, budgeting

Producer Signup

EPA’s review of Consent Agreements

Data collection (2 yrs)

1/09 1/10

EPA’s Development of Emission Estimation Methodologies EEM

Site setup

EPA’s QAPP review

QAPP development Site selection, SOPs, SMPs

NAEMSNAEMS

Equipment acquisition Purdue Training Session

Study Design SummaryTwenty representative livestock production sites.Outdoor manure facilities (9) and corral (1) monitored every season

Hydrogen sulfide (UVDOAS or pulsed fluorescence with S-OP).Ammonia (TDLAS, UVDOAS, photoacoustic spectroscopy)Ethanol, methanol, NMHC (photoacoustic spectroscopy)Tomography or Radial Plume Mapping with TDLASBackward Lagrangian stochastic (BLS) modeling

Barns (38) monitored continuouslyHydrogen sulfide (pulsed flourescence) Ammonia (photoacoustic spectroscopy) Ethanol, methanol, NMHC (photoacoustic spectroscopy)Non-methane HC (photoacoustic spectroscopy, GC-FID)Carbon dioxide (photoacoustic spectroscopy)TSP, PM2.5, PM10 (TEOM)Barn airflow (fan speed, pressure, velocity, portable fan tester)

Integrated SamplingVOCs: GC-MS (canisters, tubes), IC (impingers)

EPA-approved standard operating procedures

NAEMS Purdue Team for Barn Monitoring

Erin Cortus

Al Heber

Connie Li

Hua Xu Bill Bogan

Claude Diehl Kaiying Wang

Richard Liu Teng Lim

Juan Carlos Ramirez Sam Hanni

Jeong Ha Jiqin Ni

National Milk Producers Federation National Pork Board United Egg Producers National Chicken Council

U.S. EPA Agricultural Air Research Council

Battelle Independent Monitoring Contractor (Purdue University)

Administrator (Dimmitt) Project Director (Heber)

NAEMS Organization

DB DBDB DB DB

SB SB SB SB SB

LB LB LB

Purdue(TL)

NCSU(WR)

NCSU (LW)

Cornell(CG)

UMN(LJ)

WSU(PN)

UCD (RZ)

UCD(FM)

TAMU (KC)

Purdue(JN)

ISU(JK)

BB

E team (AL, MB)

W team (EF, JF)

CLTech

DL DL DL DC

S Bas

SL

SL

SLSL SL

Open-Source Project Manager (Grant)

Assist. Project Manager (Lim)

Operations Mgr (Bogan)

QA Mgr (Ramirez)

Assist. Project Manager (Ni)

VOC Mgr(Xu)

GA Mgr(Diehl/Li)

DA(Cortus)

DA(Wang)

DA(Li)

DA(Liu)

DA(Ha)

RA (Hanni)

DA (Ramirez)

Meat Chicken Producer Egg Producers Pork Producers Milk Producers

Site Principal Investigators at Eight Cooperating Universities

Lim/Ni/Grant – Purdue UniversityJacobson - University of MinnesotaMitloehner/Zhang – University of California -DavisKoziel/Hoff/Harmon – Iowa State UniversityCasey – Texas A&M UniversityNdegwa – Washington State UniversityRobarge/Wang –North Carolina State University

Legend1 – Broilers2 – Layers3 – Swine finishers4 – Sows (swine)5 – DairiesA – Open sourceB – Barn source

WA5AWA5B

CA1BCA2BCA5B

IA3AIA4B

WI5AWI5B

OK3AOK4AOK4B

TX5A

IN2BIN3BIN4AIN5AIN5B

NC2BNC3ANC3BNC4ANC4B

NY5B

National Air Emissions Monitoring Study Sites

Summary of NAEMS Sites

Barns per Site Total number Number of Area SitesSpecies

2-b 3-b 4-b Sites Barns Corrals Lagoons Basins Total

Swine 0 4 1 5 16 0 5 1 6

Dairy 3 2 0 5 12 1 3 0 4

Layers 2 0 1 3 8 0 0 0 0

Broilers 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0

Total 6 6 2 14 38 1 8 1 10

Equipment Acquisition

Winding Down

GSS

DAQ

QC

Gas Sampling System

CO2

p

MC

Mb

Exhaust

Vacuum Sensor

A

M1Mb

Tubing and Fitting Material:

Sampling control Data acquisition

RH/Temp sensor

Thermostat

p

Ms

Mb

M1Mb Sampling control Data acquisition

p

MC

Mb


Coolingfan

P1

P2

Cal Gases

Bypass Pumping Circuit

Filter


RH/TRH/TRH/TRH/T

Mass Flow Meter

ffff

fff f

H2SH2SH2SCH4/NMHC

B

Bag Fill Port

Needle Valve

Ball Valve

H2SH2SH2SCO2

H2SH2SH2SNH3/CO2/VOCs

H2SH2SH2SH2S

Flow Direction Sensor

Rotameter

Mb

Ms

Ma

Solenoid Valve

6-port Dilutor(5 L/min)

In Barn Gas Sampling System Instrument Rack

NH3

H2S

Zero AirSO2

C3H8/CH4

TeflonNylonStainless Steel

Flow Restrictor

Type of Line:

SamplingExhaustCalibration

Abbreviation:

P PumpM Manifold

Purdue Training Session

Equipment Received

Cal gases and regulators (air, SO2, CO2, NH3, H2S)TFS TEOM, Beta Gage, and Partisol PM samplersTeflon sampling tubing and static pressure tubingGas diluters from Environics and Thermo FisherInstrument trailers, and most outfitting materials Data acquisition computer systems for all sitesVOC canisters, sorbent tubes, and impingersGas sampling system (GSS) componentsUninterruptible power supply (UPS) unitsRoof-mounted weather station towersMethane/non-methane HC analyzerCAPECAB data analysis softwareRH/T chilled mirror hygrometerMulti-conductor signal cables

Instrument Trailers (13)Modifications:

StepsCompartment ventAC exhaust hoodsShelves, ductworkLightning arrestorFurniture

Equipment Received

Differential pressure sensors Fan monitoring sensors

RPM sensors (142/240)Current switches (134)

Custom TEOM enclosures Solar sensors and shieldsDAQ I/O modules (93%)Temperature calibratorLow pressure calibratorThermocouple wiresAirflow calibratorsActivity sensorsH2S analyzersHeating cable

Equipment Ordered

Multigas (NH3, CO2, VOC) analyzers (10/15 rec’d)Custom Beta Gage Enclosures (1 rec’d)Wind Sentry anemometers (1/14 rec’d)VOC calibration gases and regulatorsUltrasonic anemometers (50% rec’d)DAQ I/O modules (7%)Fan monitoring sensors

RPM sensors (98/240)Propeller anemometers

MSA CO2 analyzers (2)FANS analyzersRH/T sensors

Equipment to Order

55C connection hardwareBalance of RPM sensorsRH/T transfer standardsFANS trailersMisc.

Fan Monitoring MethodsHall effect sensors (RPM sensors)Current switchesPropeller anemometersVibration sensors

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

CA1BCA2B IN

2BIN

2HNC2B IA4B

IN3B

NC3BNC4BOK4B IN

5BNY5BWI5B

Site

Prop

ortio

n of

Act

ive

Fans

No Direct MonitoringCurrent SwitchRPM Sensors

Cal Gases Checked by FTIR

A closed-cell FTIR is used to check calibration gas cylinders

VOC Sampling MethodsCanister

Impinger

Sorbenttube

Tubesampler

VOC Analysis

Ion Chromatograph(Dr. Connie Li)

GC-MS (Dr. Hua Xu)

Major Changes to Original Protocol

Use TEOM for PM2.5, PM10, TSPUse Innova 1412 for NH3, CO2, VOCUse RPM sensors, current switchesConsidering synthetic open path

TEOM Sampling Inlets

PM10

TSP

PM2.5

The TEOM air inlets shown here can measure total suspended particulate, PM10 or PM2.5.

Area Site Layouts

Stakes color-coded to indicate what kind of instrument is installed at each location

All layouts have been staked out on site.

Concrete tower bases & anchors

Site Status

IN4A DoneNC3A DoneNC4A DoneOK3A DoneOK4A DoneWA5AWI5A DoneIA3A Done

Installing anchors

Installing tower bases in concrete

Setup: Erecting towers

68 ft towerSite Status

IN4A DoneNC3A DoneNC4A DoneOK3A DoneOK4A DoneWA5AWI5AIA3A

Hardware/Software ConfigurationWind and meteorological/lagoon sensors (PAML)

Quality assurance software near completionDatalogger program developedTesting of RF communicationsDesign & manufacturing of communications & power configurations

Design lagoon float for pH, redox, and water temperature (PAML)

Testing to be done at nearby pond.Design and testing of TDLAS communications (Boreal Laser)RPM software under development (Arcadis)

Final testing by PAML awaiting receipt of one complete scanning TDLAS system from Boreal Laser and installation of towers at IN4A.

PC systems for in-trailer and lab use under development (PAML)

Open Source Methods TestingSynthetic Open Path vs. UVDOAS

Testing using release of 10% SO2 in open field10-orifice system w/ flourescence detected SO2 at 20 mUVDOAS calibration verified for SO2 using function cell.UVDOAS 100-m path has alignment problems in winds

Open Path UVDOAS H2S evaluationCurrent modeling efforts have RMSE at approximately 1 ppm-m for both NH3 and H2S.Manufacturer testing and modification near completionWill be tested against S-OPS at lagoon near Purdue.

TDLAS NH3 scanning system testingTesting at dairy lagoon.Scanner reliably moved between 3 retroreflectors (6 h). TDLAS detected NH3 at levels <1ppm-m (measurements failed QA due to sub MDL (5ppm-m) levels).

Site IN2B has one OFIS in placeOFIS trailer in place between the two high-rise layer barns, with raceways

extending into each barn. All-weather access to trailer.

Setup of high-rise portion completed by Dr. Ni’s team in Dec./Jan.

Site IN2B Setup(High rise houses)

14 inside sampling points1 outside sampling pointTeflon tubing (3500 ft)Thermocouples (10) Static pressure sensors (4)Activity sensors (4)Temperature/humidity probes (4)Propeller anemometers (12)Vibration sensors (48)Fan stage relays for automatic stage control (24)

Installing sampling line and port at a fan in the lower level of the

HR barn

Site IN3B Progress

All hardware installedCurrently troubleshooting DAQTraining session site last week.

Trailer Delivery Schedule

April 1 IN3B

April 30 IA4B

May 7 IN5B, IN2B

May 14 WI5B, CA1B

May 21 NC2B, OK4B

May 28 CA5B

June 4 NC3B, CA2B

June 11 NY5B, WA5B

June 18 NC4B

Site Site typeVent type

# UnitsMeas.

Manurecollection

Manurestorage4 Bedding type5 Places

NY5B Freestall MV 23 Scrape Dig./SS/Basin SDSSDS

Mattress/shavingsSoil/MS/

Alm. shells

MS

470IN5B Freestall MV 2 Scrape Dig./SS/Basin 1600

CA5B Open Freestall2 NV 2 Flush SP/Basin 600

WI5B Freestall MV 33 Flush SP/Basin 325

WA5B1 Open Freestall2 NV 2 Flush SP/SS/Basin 650

NAEMS Dairy Sites

1Barn sites that also have measured area sources2Cattle free to walk from open freestall barn into dry lots between barns.3Monitored units include milking center.4SP = settling pond5MS = Manure solidsSDS = Separated digested solids

Freestall barn S

N

New York Dairy Site(NY5B)

Milking Center

Instrument shelterThermocouple SUltrasonic anemometer Static pressure port Solar sensor

AnemometerRH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor Air sampling

Wind sensor

Exhaust fan

Air InletHeated racewayRPM sensor

Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.Updated April 24, 2007 ELC

New York Dairy Site(NY5B)

Cross section of the freestall barns showing measurement locations.

21

13

3

14

4

15

2423 25

16

5 6 7 8

17 18

28 29

19

30

9

20

11

12 22

26 27

5410

21

S

Static pressure port

RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Instrument shelter

Air Inlet

Ultrasonic anemometer

Anemometer

RPM sensor

Indiana Dairy Site(IN5B)


RH/Temp probe

PM monitor

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan Cool cell

S

Barn 1 (29 m x 472 m)

Barn 2 (29 m x 472 m)

Each fan symbol represents 3 fans along here and on

corresponding fans on east end of barn.

SE1

NE1

SE15

NE15

SW1SW15

NW1NW15

Milking Center (28 m x 96 m)

Bank of 13 fans

Dry Cow Barn

NCurrent SwitchRPM sensor

Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing at freestall barns 1 and 2, and in the holding barn associated with the milking parlor.

Indiana Dairy Site(IN5B)


RH/Temp probe

PM10, continuous

TSP, gravimetric

PM2.5, gravimetric

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Cool cell

Barn 1 Barn 2

Offices and Milking Parlor Cow holding

OFIS

1 78 13

1 1 1 1

1 3

5

77

8 8

9 9

10 10 1011

Ventilation stageFan numbers

S

Cross section of freestall barns 1 and 2 and side view of milking center showing measurement locations.

Thermocouple Air sampling

RH/Temp probe PM10 monitor Activity sensor

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS

Ultrasonic anemometer Raceway

OFIS


Exhaust Fan

Anemometer

Barn 2 (30 m x 107 m)

10

1 20

30

5 42453555 5 543451453 524

40

50

56

45

35

25

15

5

345413543 2 355542453 414 455524535 355

324554324 4 524531545 453 145435245 54535454 155 43545 5 35542543 425 451534 5

10

1 20

15

5 25

30

40

50

45

35

60

55

66

Barn 1 (28 m x 93 m)

Holding

Parlor

ofis

S

NBarn 3

Fan Number

Ventilation Stage

SS

Wisconsin Dairy Site(WI5B)

Site monitoring plan for continuous air emission testing.

Wisconsin Dairy Site (WI5B)

Barn 2Barn 1HoldingParlor N

S

Barn 3


RH/Temp probe TEOM Activity sensor

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS


OFIS


Exhaust Fan

Anemometer

Barn 2Barn 1HoldingParlor NN

S

Barn 3


RH/Temp probe TEOM Activity sensor

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS


OFIS


Exhaust Fan

Anemometer

S

Barn 2Barn 1


California Dairy Site(CA5B)

N

Thermocouple Air samplingRH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Wind sensorSolar sensorS

Ultrasonic anemometer Instrument shelterHeated racewayDifferential Pressure

S2 2 2

4444 44

2 2 2

1 3 3 3 3 3 3

1

7 7 7

10 9 99 9 9 9

77 7 10

6 8 8 8 8 8 8

6

OFIS 11

5

5

Barn 2

Barn 1

Soil temperatureN


TEOM

Activity sensor




TEOM

Activity sensor



S2 2 2

4444 44

2 2 2

1 3 3 3 3 3 3

1

7 7 7

10 9 99 9 9 9

77 7 10

6 8 8 8 8 8 8

6

OFIS 11

5

5

Barn 2

Barn 1

Soil temperature


California Dairy Site(CA5B)

NS

Barns 1 and 2

Barn 1 Barn 2 SE

Thermocouple

Air samplingRH/Temp probeTEOM

Activity sensor



NS

Barns 1 and 2

Barn 1 Barn 2 SE

Thermocouple

Air samplingRH/Temp probeTEOM

Activity sensor




Washington Dairy Site(WA5B)

Heated raceway

Thermocouple

Air samplingRH/Temp probe

PM10, continuousActivity sensor

Instrument Shelter

TSP, gravimetric

PM2.5, gravimetric

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS

Ultrasonic Anemometer

Barn 1 Barn 2

S

N

31.1 m 18.3 m 18.3 m 39 m

Differential Pressure

Heated raceway

Thermocouple



Instrument Shelter

TSP, gravimetric

PM2.5, gravimetric

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS


Barn 1 Barn 2

S

NN

31.1 m 18.3 m 18.3 m 39 m

Differential Pressure



Barn 2

Ultrasonic AnemometerStatic pressure port

RH/Temp probe

TEOMActivity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling Wind sensor Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

OFIS

1

1

7 7 7

10

10

6

6

9 9 9

8 8 8

5

5

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

N

OFIS

Barn 4

Barn 2

Ultrasonic AnemometerStatic pressure port

RH/Temp probe

TEOMActivity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling Wind sensor Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

OFIS

1

1

7 7 7

10

10

6

6

9 9 9

8 8 8

5

5

2 2 2

3 3 3

4 4 4

N

OFIS

Barn 4

Barn top-view showing measurement locations.


Thermocouple



TSP, gravimetric

PM2.5, gravimetric



Freestall Barns # 1

S

S

Barn 2 East Side view

Barn 2 top view N213.4 m

39 m

4.2

m 10.1

m

Thermocouple



TSP, gravimetric

PM2.5, gravimetric



Freestall Barns # 1

S

S

Barn 2 East Side view

Barn 2 top view N213.4 m

39 m

4.2

m 10.1

m

Barn 2 layout showing measurement locations.

Site Site TypeVentilation

Type

# of UnitsMeas.

ManureCollection

ManureStorage

Places

NC2B High-rise MV (tunnel) 2 CBC1 First floor 103,000

IN2B High-riseBelt battery

Manure shed

MV (sidewall)MV (sidewall)

MV

221

CBCBelt

Loader

First floorShed

-

250,000280,000

CA2B High-rise MV (side wall) 2 DB2 First floor 74,000

1CBC = curtain backed cages2DB = dropping boards under cages

Layer and Broiler SitesLayer Sites

Site Site Type Ventilation Type# UnitsMeas.

ManureCollection

ManureStorage

Places

CA1B Litter on floor MV (tunnel) 2 Scraper None 21,000

Broiler Site


RH/Temp probe

PM monitorActivity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorSExhaust fan

Air inlet

S

Barn 3 Barn 4Stage 1 Fans

N

Barn 3

Barn 4 S

NHigh Rise Barns (18 m x 175 m)


North Carolina Layer Site(NC2B)

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

High Rise Barns (100’ x 650’)

Belt Battery Barns (65’ x 525’)

41

44

44

41

41

44

44

41

Barn 7

Barn 6

Barn 8

Barn 9

Manure shed100’ x 280’

Gra

vel D

rive

Gra

vel D

rive

S

4 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 8

2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 8

4 12 5 9 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 812

2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 8

11 V 3 1 4V

2 3 V 1 2 V 3V

11 V 3 1 4V

2 V 1 2 V 3V

3

11 V 3 1 4V

2 V 1 2 V 3V

3

11 V 3 1 4V

2 V 1 2 V 3V

3

11 5 10 9 4

11 7 5 10 9 4

11 7 5 10 9 4

11 7 5 10 9 4

6

6

7

6

6

1 12411 3V

10

1 106 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102

V125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368

V47

1012 912 210 11368V

574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2V

41 10 4 9 3V

10 6 811 2 12 7129

12411 3V

10 6 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102

V

125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368V

47

1012 912 210 11368V

574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2

V

41 10 4 9 3V

10 6 811 2 12 7129

20 30 40 50

1 10 20 30 40 50

1 10 20 30 40 50

1 10 20 30 40 50

N

41

1

Barns 8 & 9

1244

1143

842

841

Stage #Fan #

(on roof)

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

1 19 20 22 32 34 40

High Rise Barns (100’ x 650’)

Belt Battery Barns (65’ x 525’)

41

44

44

41

41

44

44

41

41

44

44

41

41

44

44

41

Barn 7

Barn 6

Barn 8

Barn 9

Manure shed100’ x 280’

Gra

vel D

rive

Gra

vel D

rive

S

4 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 8

2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 8

4 12 5 9 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 812

2 12 5 9 12 12 10 9 12 610 8 7 6

411 7 5 8

11 V 3 1 4V

2 3 V 1 2 V2 V 3V

11 V 3 1 4V

2 V 1 2 V 3V

3

11 V 3 1 4V

2 V 1 2 V 3V

3

11 V 3 1 4V

2 V 1 2 V 3V

3

11 5 10 9 4

11 7 5 10 9 4

11 7 5 10 9 4

11 7 5 10 9 4

6

6

7

6

6

1 12411 3V

10

1 106 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102

V125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368

V47

1012 912 210 11368V

574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2V

41 10 4 9 3V

10 6 811 2 12 7129

12411 3V

10 6 811 2 12 7 9 9 V 1210 4 9 9 11 11 512 102

V

125 111 103 V 127 9 4 1210 86 210 9368V

47

1012 912 210 11368V

574113 V9125 911 1261V 1211 5 9 7 10 8 10 2

V

41 10 4 9 3V

10 6 811 2 12 7129

20 30 40 50

1 10 20 30 40 50

1 10 20 30 40 50

1 10 20 30 40 50

N

41

1

Barns 8 & 9

1244

1143

842

841

Stage #Fan #

Barns 8 & 9

1244

1143

842

841

Stage #Fan #

(on roof)

Indiana Layer Site(IN2B)

Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations.

Indiana Layer Site (IN2B)

Thermocouple

Air sampling

RH/Temp probe


TEOM

Activity sensor

Instrument Shelter Wind sensor

Solar sensorS Anemometer

Heated Raceway Cages

Manure Drying Belts

Exhaust FanAir inlet

S

Barn 6 Barn 7

Thermocouple

Air sampling

RH/Temp probe


TEOM

Activity sensor

Instrument Shelter Wind sensor

Solar sensorS Anemometer

Heated Raceway Cages

Manure Drying Belts

Exhaust FanAir inlet

S

Barn 6 Barn 7

Cross section of the barns showing measurement locations.

California Layer Site (CA2B)

Instrument shelterStatic pressure port

RH/Temp probe

TEOM (PM10, PM2.5, TSP)

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Anemometer

Air inlet

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

1

High Rise Houses (472 ft x 49 ft)

12

3456

78910

1112

12

3456

78910

1112

Barn 3

House 5

House 6

72

8491693

85

72

8491

1693

85

Water, power, phone

N

Power line (100 A)

Feed

bin

s

Egg

conv

eyor

Instrument shelterStatic pressure port

RH/Temp probe

TEOM (PM10, PM2.5, TSP)

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Anemometer

Air inlet

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

1

High Rise Houses (472 ft x 49 ft)

12

3456

78910

1112

12

3456

78910

1112

Barn 3

House 5

House 6

72

8491693

85

72

8491

1693

85

Water, power, phone

N

Power line (100 A)

Feed

bin

s

Egg

conv

eyor

California Layer Site(CA2B)

Air inlet

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS

RH/Temp probe


TEOM

Anemometer

Exhaust fan

Heated raceway

House 6House 5

Barn 3 S

OFIS

Cages

Air inlet

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Solar sensorS

RH/Temp probe


TEOM

Anemometer

Exhaust fan

Heated raceway

House 6House 5

Barn 3 S

OFIS

Cages

Barn cross section showing measurement locations.

1 (inactive)

1 (inactive)

7

910

11

8

3 4 5 6

3 4 5 67

9 10

11

128

2

SBarn 10(12.2 m x 125 m)

Barn 12(12.2 m x 125 m)

12

N

2

Fan Number

California Broiler Site(CA1B)

S

Barn 12 Barn 10N

PM, continuous Static pressure portVentilation fan BroodersActivity sensor

Thermocouple RH/Temp probeAir sampling S Solar

sensorAnemomete

rCool CellWind sensor Instrument ShelterAir Inlet


SiteProduction

phase# units meas.

Places Manure collection

Manure storage2

NC4B1 B/GF 213

214

21

85020

PPR3

PPRLagoonLagoon

NC3B Finisher 800 PPR Lagoon

IA4B B/GF 110024

Deep pit4

PPRDeep pit4

Gest. pitsIN3B Finisher 1000 Deep pit4

OK4B1 B/GF 120024

PPRPPR

LagoonLagoon

Swine Sites

1Barn Sites that also have measured area sources, which are described in the open-source QAPP 2Characterizes type of farm, not necessarily a measurement location.3PPR = pull plug with recharge4Storage is inside the barn so separate measurement not needed for storage.

North Carolina Swine Site(NC4B)



TEOM

Activity sensorInstrument Shelter


Anemometer

Heated raceway

Exhaust fanCool cell

Gas heater

N

S

W E

Barn 1 (Breeding-Gestation) (430 ft x 57 ft)

Barn 2 (Gestation) (316 ft x 60 ft)

Barn 1 (Farrowing) (352 ft x 56 ft)

53

1247

53

1247

64

12-357

8

8

S

12

3456

78

9101112

123

456

87

1 2 3

3, 41, 2

5

Cooling cell (stage 6)




TEOM



Anemometer

Heated raceway


Gas heater



TEOM



Anemometer

Heated raceway


Gas heater

N

S

W E

N

S

W E

Barn 1 (Breeding-Gestation) (430 ft x 57 ft)

Barn 2 (Gestation) (316 ft x 60 ft)

Barn 1 (Farrowing) (352 ft x 56 ft)

53

1247

53

1247

64

12-357

8

8

S

12

3456

78

9101112

123

456

87

1 2 3

3, 41, 2

5





S



TEOM



Anemometer

Heated raceway


Gas heater

S



TEOM



Anemometer

Heated raceway


Gas heater



TEOM



Anemometer

Heated raceway


Gas heater



RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

S

Barn 1

Barn 2

Barn 3

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

Each room is 165 ft x 41 ft

Ventilation stage


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

SS

Barn 1

Barn 2

Barn 3

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

Each room is 165 ft x 41 ft

Ventilation stage

North Carolina Swine Site (NC3B)



Static pressure port Thermocouple

RH/Temp probe Air sampling

TEOMActivity sensor Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Solar sensorS Heated raceway

Exhaust fan

S

1 23 45

Ventilation stage

Barn 1 Barn 2

12 34 5

1 23 45

Barn 3Static pressure port Thermocouple

RH/Temp probe Air sampling

TEOMActivity sensor Wind sensorTEOMActivity sensor Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Solar sensorS Heated raceway

Exhaust fan

SS

1 23 45

Ventilation stage

Barn 1 Barn 2

12 34 5

1 23 45

Barn 3


Iowa Swine Site (IA4B)

S

Breeding/Gestation 1


Office

OFIS

N

1

1 2

2 3

4

3

1110

9

12

5

5 6

6

7

8

7


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Cool Cell

Pit fan

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

15Gas sampling location

group number

22 in emergency curtain running length

of building

S



Office

OFIS

N

1

1 2

2 3

4

3

1110

9

12

5

5 6

6

7

8

7


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Cool Cell

Pit fan

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

15

S



Office

OFIS

NN

1

1 2

2 3

4

3

1110

91110

9

12

5

5 6

6

7

8

7


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Cool Cell

Pit fan

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

16

15Gas sampling location

group number

22 in emergency curtain running length

of building


Iowa Swine Site(IA4B)


Breeding/Gestation 1 S

Farrowing(Single Room)

151 ft 197 ft

Note – Pit & wall fans on rear wall


RH/Temp probe

TEOMActivity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Cool Cell

Pit fan


Breeding/Gestation 1 SS

Farrowing(Single Room)

151 ft 197 ft

Note – Pit & wall fans on rear wall


RH/Temp probe

TEOMActivity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

Wind sensor

Instrument shelter

Anemometer

Heated raceway Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Cool Cell

Pit fan


S

1

1

1

1

1

1

23 545

23 4 55

23 545545 3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

2 2

3 3

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 5 47 8 8 7 566

4 5 47 8 8 7 566

Pit Fan


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

TEOM outdoor enclosure

Anemometer

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Wind sensor

Fan number

Room 7 Room 8

Room 5Room 6

OFIS

Each room is 200 ft x 42 ft.

Ventilation stage

Loadout

Heater

N

S

1

1

1

1

1

1

23 545

23 4 55

23 545545 3

2

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

2 2

3 3

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 5 47 8 8 7 566

4 5 47 8 8 7 566

Pit Fan


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling


Anemometer

Solar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Wind sensor

Fan number

Room 7 Room 8

Room 5Room 6

OFIS

Each room is 200 ft x 42 ft.

Ventilation stage

Loadout

Heater

N

Indiana Swine Site(IN3B)


Oklahoma Swine Site(OK4B)

S

Pit Fan


RH/Temp probe

TEOM

Activity sensor

Thermocouple

Air sampling

AnemometerSolar sensorS

Exhaust fan

Wind sensor


Heater

Cross section of a barn showing measurement locations.


Farrowing barn

Breeding / Gestation barn #1S

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 2

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Breeding / Gestation barn #2

N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16151413121110

Room number

1

2 3

4

5

6 7

8

9

10

11

12

Cool cellActivity sensor

Static pressure port Thermocouple Solar sensorS Instrument shelter

Exhaust fanRH/Temp probe Air sampling Anemometer

TEOM Wind sensor Heated raceway Air Inlet

Farrowing barn

Breeding / Gestation barn #1S

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 2

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Breeding / Gestation barn #2

N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16151413121110

Room number

1

2 3

4

5

6 7

8

9

10

11

12







2

1

6345

1

2

5436

N

1 2

345

2

6

7891011

1213

Ventilation stage

East half of gestation barn

Fan number

S

FarrowingGestation barn 1

N

Gestation barn 2





S

FarrowingGestation barn 1

N

Gestation barn 2






What Comes After NAEMS?NAEMS Pollutants?

Ammonia as precursor to PM2.5?Hydrogen sulfide: property line limits?TSP: no longer regulated by states?

Add-on studiesGreenhouse gas mitigation testsOdor mitigation studiesAtmospheric dispersion studiesEmission models

Check out www.AgAirQuality.com

Add-on Studies

PI Topic/Sponsor Site(s) Jacobson Odor emissions (USDA NRI) IA&OK4B,

IN&WI5B

Mitloehner VOCs @ GHGs (CA Dept. of Food, Ag. & Dairy) CA5B

Lim Downwind Dairy Odor Survey (Purdue Ag) IN5B

Ni Air emissions (USDA-NRI) IN2B

Koziel GHG (ISU) IA4B

Summary of NAEMS ProgressSubcontracts established with 7 universitiesEquipment acquisition nearly complete.Training of all personnel last week.Site setup period has begun.Data gathering begins after setup.NAEMS web site.

www.AgAirQuality.com

Data Scalability

Are the impacts of a single 4000-hd unit the same as the combined impacts of 8 500-hd units?

Yes, if all major factors are similar.Manure volume, surface area per animal.Animal-specific floor area

No, if the animal-specific parameters change with size.

NAEMS will not determine these impacts.

Model Properties

What model parameters will result from this study?

We will characterize sites for validation of models.See tables shown previously.

Parameter Definitions

What are the specific parameter definitions of each monitored site?

See tables of site descriptions.

PM and H2S MeasurementsSite Species PM2.5, PM10, TSP H2S

CA1B Broilers TEOM TFS 450iNY5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iWA5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iWI5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iCA5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iIN5B Dairy TEOM TFS 450iCA2B Layers TEOM TFS 450iIN2B Layers TEOM TFS 450iNC2B Layers TEOM TFS 450iIN2H Layers TEOM TEI 45CNC3B Swine TEOM TFS 450iNC4B Swine TEOM TFS 450iOK4B Swine TEOM TFS 450iIN3B Swine TEOM TFS 450iIA4B Swine TEOM TFS 450i

NH3 and VOC MeasurementsSite Species 1 2 3 4 5 NMHC VOC

CA1B Broilers NH3 CO2 THC CH4 Eth ICNY5B Dairy NH3 CO2 None None NoneWA5B Dairy NH3 CO2 None None NoneWI5B Dairy NH3 CO2 None None NoneCA5B Dairy NH3 Meth THC CH4 Eth 55CIN5B Dairy NH3 CO2 THC CH4 Eth ICCA2B Layers NH3 CO2 N2O CH4 EthgIN2B Layers NH3 CO2 None None NoneNC2B Layers NH3 CO2 None None NoneIN2H Layers NH3 CO2 THC CH4 Eth ICNC3B Swine NH3 CO2 None None NoneNC4B Swine NH3 CO2 None None NoneOK4B Swine NH3 CO2 None None NoneIA4B Swine NH3 CO2 THC CH4 N2OIN3B Swine NH3 Meth THC CH4 Eth 55C IC

PM OversamplingDoes the sampling methodology and analysis of results include measures to address sampler bias?

No, but we acknowledge the difference between regulated PM10 and true PM10.

Will corrections be applied to field measurements?Not unless EPA requires it.

Will TSP measurements be taken in conjunction with particle size distributions as a point of comparison with PM10 and PM2.5 measurements?

No. However, an AARC-approved add-on study has been proposed that will do this for poultry PM.

If not, what method(s) will be used to ensure measurement of “true” PM?

Since EPA regulates based on response of a particular method or instrument rather than “true” PM10 or PM2.5, EPA did not require the assessment of “true” PM for the consent agreement.

PM Related QuestionsWill the measurement timeframe and method for PM2.5 adequately represent the PM2.5 concentrations for subsequent inclusion in a dispersion model?

PM2.5 will only be measured for a total of 4 weeks. PM2.5 of layer PM is about 10% of PM10.

Which models will be used and evaluated for accuracy in the study?

Evaluating models is beyond the scope of the study itself.Add-on proposals are expected.

Figure 8. One minute means of TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations in a laying hen house, June 4, 2002.

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2800

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0Time of Day (hr)

Con

cent

ratio

n (

g/m

3 ) TSP

PM10

PM2.5

Fate and Transport

What is the fate and transport of any of the pollutants measured? Producers need to know also what is leaving the property and in what quantities.

The NAEMS will not measure downwind concentrations or pollutant dispersion.

Conservation Practices

Will conservation management practices be evaluated as part of the study to determine the efficiency of various practices for each pollutant?

No. This is beyond the scope of the study.

agricultural and biological engineering purdue universitystudy design summary ¾twenty...

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