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Agricultural Science Teachers. Presentation Oilseed Rape Maize Geraldine Hynes B.Agr.Sc. H.D.B.S. Teagasc Drystock Advisor Claremorris Co Mayo - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Agricultural Science Teachers
Presentation Oilseed Rape Maize Geraldine Hynes B.Agr.Sc. H.D.B.S.Teagasc Drystock AdvisorClaremorris Co Mayo (094 ) 9371360
Dec 09
Oil Seed Rape
Source World wide source of Vegetable oilIRL `90s 6000ha – UK for processing CAP economically unattractive `05 SFP and energy premium Energy Crop Scheme €45 /ha max National top up €80/ha max 37.5 ha
+ demand from local bio fuel processors grown on contract Quinns Baltinglass, Glanbia Ireland 4500 ha
Rotation and Soils
Free draining Med heavy Soil Poor yield light /waterlogged soils Ph 6.3 OSR Brassica crop Previously Brassicas Club root leave 4 yrs Previously Sugar Beet Beet Cyst eelworm
leave 2 yrs Good as break crop - Deep roots improve soil
structure
Establishment
Winter OSR Mid Aug (North) – Mid Sept (South ) 60-80seeds/m2 30-50plants/m2 in spring Allows sufficient light to base ,encourage branching
and pod numbers Spring OSR Mid March - April 100-120 seeds/m2 Fine firm level seed bed depth 1.5cm Ploughing one pass drilling In dry conditions to avoid compaction Roll - firm seed bed -Moisture retention
Varieties Spring OSR
HGCA List UK Home Grown Cereal Authority Variety Yield % Standing
Ability
Straw
Shortness
Earliness Maturity
Dorothy 97 8 8 6
Estrade 98 7 7 7
Heroes 101 7 5 5
Liasion 98 7 5 5
Topic 93 7 7 7
Varieties Winter OSR
Daff data
3 year
mean
Daff data
1yr results 2009
HCGA
Resistance to lodging
Shortness stem Light Leaf spot
Osprey 105 103 ------- ------ --------
NK Bavour 101 100 8 7 6
FLASH 115 122 7 6 6
Lioness ----- ----- 8 7 6
Epure 108 108 ------ ------ -----
Castille 100 111 8 8 5
Lime and Fertiliser
PH 6.5 N 130-150kgsN/ha. P + K Soil index 3 20kgs P 35 kgs K /ha. e.g. 400kg/ha 18 6 12 /ha and top dress post
emergence with Nitrogen 50% incorporated pre sowing / Vigorous growth Remainder rosette to early stem stage Sandy soils Sulphur deficiency 20kgs.ha Boron deficiency common especially in drought
conditions Apply Bo fertilizer / Solubar spray @5-10kgs./ha.
Weed Control
Pre sowing Incorporate Treflan (Chickweed/Fat
Hen/Speedweel Pre emergence Trifuralin /Butisan (Knotgrass / Mayweeds) Post emergence Kerb Flow grass weeds broadleaf weeds
Disease
Phoma leaf spot (Canker ) 25% reduction in yield
Light leaf spot 50% Sclerotina effects petals leaf stem 50% Alternaria pod spot WOSR I to 2 sprays of a fungicide to cover
above SOSR usually disease free
Harvesting
End July early August 90% seeds are black 1. Desication and direct combing weedy crops Glyophosphate products 14- 21 days pre harvest (2/3
pods are brown ) scutch/perennial weeds controled Diquat products 7-10 days pre harvest (Bottom pods
Brown /black : middle reddish brown ) 2. Swathing done in exposed locations 6-7weeks after the end flowering ( seeds top pods
turning green to brown : middle brown : lower pods dark brown )
7-14 days later combine seeds black Suits exposed weed free fields
Yields and Returns
WOSR SOSR
Yield Tons/ha 2.5 - 4.3 1.7- 3.1
Materials
Seed fertiliser sprays
711 536
Hire Machinery Plough roll till harvest
462 380
Total Variable costs 1173 616
Gross Margin excl premia -€65 - 500
-€63 - 368
Maize
Why grow High in energy less meals required Could replace 50% silage In cow increases intake by 10% increases milk fat and protein 3- 5% Cattle increased performance by 10% Easy to ensile Utilises slurry well
Feeding value
Protein 9%- 11 % low Grass silage 12-15% Introduce Maize Gradually Feed with long fibre hay /straw if main
roughage Minerals low so balance with Maize Balancer Maize silage spoils quicker than grass Don’t ruffle feed face esp. in mild weather Slightly Cheaper /ton dm €91 versus €118
grass silage
Site Selection
Requires 10° C Ontario Heat units (based on max min
temp e.g crop needs 2400 OHU from sowing to harvest
Ireland south of line from Dundalk to Fermoy back up to Galway
Outside this will grow but yield poor
Site Selection (cont`d)
Sheltered fieldsWell drained good soil Southerly Aspect so max. sunlight &temp
long growing season Good access to facilitate slurry in Spring
harvesting in AutumnGrown continuously without rotational
constraints
Variety
Good yield Maturity date Lodging resistance Disease Resistance DAFF Recommended list
Sowing date
Requires 10 C Seed sown in cold soils poor emergence and
vigour April 20 th complete May 10 th Seed rate 105,000 to110,000/ha 1acre packs Seed dressed soilborne diseases
and bird repellent Germination 90% Plant population 100,000 above this DM% is low and delay in maturing
Fertiliser
Cattle /Pig slurry Ploughed in Mar/Apr should supply most of P&KNitrogen 80 - 225kgs /ha.Phosphorous 10 - 70 kgsPotash 100- 285kgs
Seedbed Preparations
Has deep and flat rooted plant systemPlough Deep (10 - 13 cm ) Generally 2 passes power harrow Firm fine tilth similar to sugar beet Light rolling to ensure good consolation
Sowing
Precision drill in rows 70 -75 cm apart at a depth of 4cm in heavy soils 6 cm in light soils Too deep will delay emergence Plant at right angles to the prevailing wind to facilitate harvesting if lodged
Plastic photodegradable increases temp 3.5 C in May 3.9 C in June 1.0 C in July Cost €300/ha cost effective increases dm yield increases DM content increases starch content
Weed Pest Control
Perennial weeds Scutch/ Docks in Autumn with Round up ?? (C `ant plough grassland
between October 15 and Dec1 0(Green cover 6wks) Pre emergence Cadou Star Post emergence Dow Shield/Titus Annual weeds/Broadleaf weeds Pests not problem Leatherjackets /wireworms after grass Yaltox Frit fly Yellow dead central shoot Dursban
Harvesting
Unlike grass silage DMD does not fall rapidly DMD 68% ( range 60-72)
>30 % DM hard passes through animal High DM crops corn cracker used Harder to ensile Clamp consolidation More Aerobic deterioration 27% Grain med to hard dough stage Top of grain starting to dimple Harvest Sept. _ early maturing crops Harvest Oct _ Majority varieties
Harvesting Cont`d
Chop length 1- 1.5cm so most grains are ruptured
By varying the no blades and speed of feed roller
Generally no additive used
Cost
Maize Grass silage
Seed/Reseding 185 20
Fertilizer 364 260
Seedbed prep 185 15
Spraying slurry 36 63
Harvest into pit Covering
300 453
Total 1148 855
Cost /ton DM 91 118
Maize Versus Silage
Maize Gras silage
Protein % 9- 10 12-15
DM% 27-35 19-25
DMD % 68 60-75
Yield /ha 40-50 24-27
Value 1 ton Meals @€185
40 25-30
Thanks For your attention