AgricultureFoster renewable naturalresources, knowledgebased agriculture: OrganicPrecision Biotech Ag,Balance local productionwith global trade

Socio-EconomicsEquity: reconcile traditionalknowledge with science,foster biomimetics, reduceagricultural subsidies,global dialogue includingnew creative capitalism

TechnologiesInnovation supportedby artificial intelligence,influence evolution,new technologies toprocess and use ofhousing, food, energy

Sustainable World

before we can builda sustainable world,we must free agriculturefrom ideology and myth

Free agriculture from ideology and myth

National Research Council NAP (2004)Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods: Approaches to Assessing Unintended Health Effects, NAP pp 255 Table p. 23Washington (Report)http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10977.html AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Food/NAP-Safety-GMO-Food-2004.pdf

Genomic disturbancies related to breeding technologies

Relative likelihood of unintended genetic effectsassociated with various methods of plant geneticmodification. The gray tails indicate the committee’sconclusions about the relative degree of the range ofpotential unintended changes; the dark bars indicatethe relative degree of genetic disruption for eachmethod.

Relative likelihood of unintended genetic effects

Institute ofRadiation BreedingIbaraki-ken, JAPANhttp://www.irb.affrc.go.jp/

100mradius

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source atthe centerShieldingdike 8m

high

Gamma Fieldfor radiation

breeding

BetterBetter

spaghettis, whiskyspaghettis, whisky

1800 new plants1800 new plantsRadiation breeding as field experiments

Real Frankenfood

Real Frankenfood

Worldwide:

all pasta is madefromradiation mutateddurum wheatTriticum durum

Figure 4. Web site pages addessing the 'Frankenfood' and 'Frankenstein food' issuesat Monsanto, the Times, and the Friends of the Earth Web sites.jcmc.indiana.edu/vol8/issue4/hellsten.html

History of websites mentioning Frankenfood

Frankenfood: Sic transit gloria mundi...

Batista, R., Saibo, N., Lourenco, T., & Oliveira, M.M. (2008)Microarray analyses reveal that plant mutagenesis may induce more transcriptomic changes than transgene insertion. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 9, pp 3640-3645http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Genomics/Batista-Microarray-Analysis-2008.pdf

Batista, Volcano plots comparison

geneticallystabletransgenic

geneticallystablemutant

geneticallyunstabletransgenic

geneticallyunstablemutant

We found that the improvement of a plant varietythrough the acquisition of a new desired trait, usingeither mutagenesis or transgenesis, may cause stressand thus lead to an altered expression of untargetedgenes.In all of the cases studied, the observed alteration wasmore extensive in mutagenized than in transgenicplants. We propose that the safety assessment ofimproved plant varieties should be carried out on acase-by-case basis and not simply restricted to foodsobtained through genetic engineering.

Microarray analysis Batista

Genetic Roulette Jeffrey Smith

Yogi Jeffrey Smith flies

Working on the Senatecampaign of the Maharishi’sNatural Law Party in 1996, hepublicly claimed there were500 studies proving that yogicflying and transcendentalmeditation cut crime andincreased IQ. He evendemonstrated some flyinghimself, although he did littlemore than bump up and downon his undercarriage.http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,22844154-5000117,00.html

Jeffrey Smith‘s grossly exaggerated cartoons

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PRAVDA

Ermakova, I.V. (2005)People eating genetically modified food may have rat-short lifespan, Prawda 27.10.2005 pp (Prawda Article)http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/9136-gmf-0 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Ermakova/Ermakova-Pravda-2005.pdf

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The same story from„Seeds of Deception“In „Genetic Roulette“srepeated,

Counter evidenceignored since years

even Terrje Traavikdoes not want to becited in this storyAnymore

The literature cited(no. 40 to 48: not asingle peer reviewedscientific paper,unconfirmedNewspaper articlesand a letter to theBritish Governmentwith unconfirmedallegations. See nextslide.

Smith, J. (2007) Genetic Roulette, The Documented Health Risks of GeneticallyEngineered Foods, second printing edn. YES! Books and Chelsea Green (January 31,2007) Fairfield Iowa, IS: ISBN-10: 0972966528

ISBN-13: 978-0972966528 pp 319Inhaled Bt Pollen fraud

In a final and devastating rebuttal with some never answered questions toTerje Traavik from GENOK, Norway, Rick Roush is dismissing the case of thePhilippinian Bt maize pollen allergy for goodhttp://www.gene.ch/genet/2004/Apr/msg00026.html, scroll down through theWorthless defense without giving the hard facts of Terje Traavik and read therebuttal of Rick Roush, with some references of peer reviewed publications.

The references 40 – 48 given by Jeffrey Smith in Genetic Roulette p.34-35:

40 – 43: Unconfirmed newspaper article from BusinessWorld andManila Bulletin, March 2004.44-46: Unconfirmed ISIS press release from Mae van Ho, June 2, 2006http://www.organicconsumers.org/ge/wanho060208.cfm,It seems to have disappeared from the ISIS websitehttp://www.i-sis.org.uk/GE-maize.php47: another unconfirmed newspaper article from Mindanews October 200448: Tomlinsons letter to the FDA, p. 66, Appendix XI in ACNFP-Report 1998http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfp1998.pdf Tomlinsons remarks refer toinhaling antibiotic resistance marker genes other than those involved in thePhilippine case, an irrelevant citation of the sort to mislead the non-experts.

A precise, extensive and peer reviewed account on real and imaginative risks of foodDerived from GM crops is given recently by Peggy Lemaux from California

Lemaux, P.G. (2008)Genetically Engineered Plants and Foods: A Scientist's Analysis of the Issues (Part I). Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59,10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103840, pp 771-812http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103840 ANDhttp://www.botanischergarten.ch/Food/Lemaux-GM-Plants-Food-2008.pdf

Inhaled Bt Pollen fraud

Oral interpretation of the numbers: No of reported cases showing acute oral toxicity

Later exaggerated to No of deaths reported due to Bt toxicity in UNEP classes

Table as givenin GENOKBiosafety classas slidefrom Kuiper etal. 2001

Below in white:False informationreplacing originallegend

No 2

GENOK Slide Fraud

Original tablefromKuiper et. al.2001With legendshowingreference no. ofeach paperdemonstrating noeffect

GENOK: HOW YOU CAN TELL LIES WITH A SLIDE: No 1

GENOK Slide Fraud

Myhre, M.R., Fenton, K.A., Eggert, J., Nielsen, K.M., & Traavik, T. (2006)The 35s Camv Plant Virus Promoter Is Active in Human Enterocyte-LikeCells. European Food Research and Technology, 222, 1-2, pp 185-193http://www.botanischergarten.ch/35S/Myhre-Cauliflower-Active-2006.pdf

Semi-holistic,grossly misleadingapproachAn alarmist paper on the35S promoters activitieson animal cell culturesand not mentioning thatwe eat this promoterdaily with our normalFood without ANY harm

Semiholistic approach assessing the risk of 35S promoter

Monocle

Figure 1. A diagrammatic indication of the relationship between economic development andenvironmental concern. The three primary economic systems of agrarian-, industrial-, andknowledge-based service are indicated with arbitrary indications of wealth and development. SO2emission is used merely as an indicator of industrial development and the subsequentenvironmental concern generated

The Population/Biodiversity Paradox. Agricultural Efficiency to Save WildernessAnthony J. Trewavas Plant Physiology Jan. 2001

Agrarian-Industrial-Knowledge based Agriculture

www.irri.org/gis/cartograms/cartograms.htm

Cartogram World Maize Production

Cartogram World Maize Production

in the US maize yields have accelerated inin the US maize yields have accelerated inthe last ten yearsthe last ten years

• actual breeding plus cultural practice gain

Source: March 2006. Crop Science. Ref# 46:528-543

corn yields in France and Italy in thecorn yields in France and Italy in the

last 10 years fail to show the same trendlast 10 years fail to show the same trend

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Source; Eurostat

Agricultural research intensity in the LDCs and other developing countries (ODC),1971-2003 (Investment in agricultural research as % of agricultural output)

Source: UNCTAD, Least Developed Countries Report 2007Agricultural Research Intensity, different

Conservation tillage adoption in the US 1990-2002

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Survival rates: no difference between Bt and non-Bt maize, results of extensive field research by science consortium

Early, but largely ignored research: Averages of two years (1997- 1998) of development times (days) of a specific stage for Rhopalosiphum padi feeding on transgenic and isogenic corn leaves

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Lozzia, G., Furlanis, C., Manachini, B., & Rigamonti, I. (1999)Effects of Bt Corn on Rhodopalosiphum Padi (Rhynchota Aphidiae) and on Its Predator Chrysoperla Carnea Stephen (Neuroptera Chrysopidae). Boll. Zool.Agr. Bachic. Ser. II, 30, 2, pp 153-164http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Bt/Lozzia-Effects-Bt-1998.pdf

Lozzia, G.C. (1999)Biodiversity and Structure of Ground Beetle Assemblages (Coleopterae, Carabidae) in Bt Corn and Its Effects on Non Target Insects. Boll. Zool. Agr. Bachic.Ser. II, 31, pp 37-58http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Bt/Lozzia-Biodiversity-1999.pdf

Rhopalosiphum padi

Wolfenbarger, L.L., Naranjo, S.E., Lundgren, J.G.,Bitzer, R.J., & Watrud, L.S. (2008)

Bt Crop Effects on Functional Guilds of Non-Target Arthropods: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE,3, 5, pp e2118http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002118 ANDhttp://www.botanischergarten.ch/Bt/LaReesa-Bt-crop-Meta-Analysis-2008.pdf

Wolfenbarger Meta-Analysis

Conclusions/Significance: Overall, we findno uniform effects of Bt cotton, maize andpotato on the functional guilds ofnon-target arthropods. Use of and type ofinsecticides influenced the magnitude anddirection of effects; insecticde effectswere much larger than those of Bt crops.

These meta-analyses underscore theimportance of using controls not only toisolate the effects of a Bt crop per se butalso to reflect the replacement of existingagricultural practices. Results will provideresearchers with information to designmore robust experiments and will informthe decisions of diverse stakeholdersregarding the safety of transgenicinsecticidal crops.

Wolfenbarger, L.L., Naranjo, S.E., Lundgren, J.G., Bitzer, R.J., &Watrud, L.S. (2008)

Bt Crop Effects on Functional Guilds of Non-Target Arthropods:A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 3, 5, pp e2118http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002118 ANDhttp://www.botanischergarten.ch/Bt/LaReesa-Bt-crop-Meta-Analysis-2008.pdf

Wolfenbarger Meta-Analysis

GM percentage intermixed:

© ABIC2004 / EricMele, IRTA

Morningwinds

Eveningwinds

Co-existencein Spain 2003

Brookes, G. & Barfood, P. (2004).Co-existence of GM and non GM crops: case study of maize grown in Spain, PG Economics Ltd, pp 13 Dorchester, UK1.http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Coexistence/Brookes-Coexistence-Casestudy-Spain.01.pdf

0.25 ha: no safety distance1, 77 % GM intermixedLabeling required

0.25 ha: 6m safety distance0.77 % GM intermixedLabelling not required

1 ha: no safety distance0.83 % GM intermixedLabelling not required

0.25 ha: no safety distance, 1.77% GM, labelling required0.25 ha: safety distance 6m, 0,77% GM, labelling not required

Maize field I, individual sampling plants

Wider Fields Models of Maize Plants

Maize Field I and II from gene flow experiment in Switzerland: spots caused through sowing machine turned around, caused change in flowering synchroni- zation: higher outcrossing, but all results well within the legal threshold of the EU

Outcrossing of blue kernel maize surrounding yellow kernel maize,Slightly different growing conditions due to sowing machine turningChange in flowering synchronization: higher outcrossing, SIGMEA – resultsin field experiments from Switzerland, Ammann et al. 2006, report

European Safety Attitude: let not the Europeans decide aboutBiosafety in Africa, do your own safety assessment

European safety attitude: a problem for many countries in the developing world

Public Research & Regulation Initiative ASK -FORCE

www.pubresreg.org

Contact person: Kim Meulenbroeks , K.Meulenbroeks@tudelft.nl

www.pubresreg.org

Risk = Hazard / Chance

Widespread definition, but onetrack-mindedRisk = Hazard x LikelyhoodOr worse: Risk = Social bla bla x media frenzy

Ammann, K. (2004)The Role of Science in the Application of the Precautionary Approach,. In Molecular Farming, Plant-madePharmaceuticals and Technical Proteins (eds R. Fischer & S. Schillberg), Vol. 1, pp. 291-302. Wiley-VCHVerlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim,http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Precautionary/Ammann-Precautionary-Approach1.pdf

Chinese risk definition

On farm biodiversity, integrated crop management proposed by Bai er Crop Science

Dollaker, A. (2006)Conserving Biodiversity AlongsideAgricultural Profitability throughIntegrated R&D Approaches andResponsible Use of CropProtection Products.Pflanzenschutz-NachrichtenBayer, 59, 1, pp 117-134http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Organic/Dollaker-2006.pdf

Dollaker, A. & Rhodes, C. (2007)Integrating Crop Productivity andBiodiversity Conservation PilotInitiatives Developed by BayerCropscience, in Weed Science inTime of Transition. Crop Science,26, 3, pp 408-416http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Organic/Dollaker-2007.pdf

Bauer de Jonghe in Holland, produziert Gemüse im Bio-Standard ohne PestizideFoto Claus Lange, Text Michael Miersch Weltwoche 06 2003

Farmer de Jonghe, produces in Holland exactly according to the organi rules

Old Order Amish Farmer in Lancaster, PenssylvaniaOld order Amish Farmers, they adopted partially transgenic crops

No substance in GM protests

MAYBE IN ERRORNEVER IN DOUBT

Greenpeace Maybe in Error

You diden’t hear itfrom Prince CharlesSo it may be well true

Prince Charles