agriculture and land use in nagaland, samadangla ao
TRANSCRIPT
Agriculture and Land Use in Nagaland Samadangla Ao
University of Minnesota, 2015
Recently burned cropland
Maturing cropland
Agriculture
Livelihood
Sustainability? Economy
Socio-Cultural
Population & Geography
• Area: 16,579 km2
• Population: 1.98 million
• Rural Population: 71%
• Tribal (16 tribes)
• 60 dialects
Climate & Topography
• Precipitation : ~ 1000 to 3000 mm
• Temperature: Summer ~ 15 - 30 ⁰C
Winter ~ 5 - 25oC
• Elevation: ~ 194 to 3048 m
Contributors to Economy Growth
• Agriculture: 23%
• Sevices: 44%
• Industry: 33%
Agriculture 60%
Cottage industry
1%
Others 39%
Distribution of workers (2011 census)
Kapoor, 2012; Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2013
Land Use & Ownership
Forest area 52%
Non-Ag land 16%
Fallow land 9%
Current Cropland
23%
Distribution of Land use in Nagaland
• 70 % cropland is in hilly terrain
• Land ownership
~ 88% private/community
~ 12% government
Govt. of Nagaland, 2012; Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2013
Cropping Systems
Shifting cultivation (Jhum)
Wet rice cultivation
Slashed forest: Dec/Jan (1)
Burning: Feb (2)
Seedbed prep/planting: March (3)
After 2 or 3yrs fallow (6)
Harvest: Aug/Sept (5)
Weeding: Mid-season (4)
Jhum Cycle
Photo: Kichu
Photo: Changkija
Alder-based Jhum
Photo: Cairns and Brookfield, 2011
Wet Rice Cultivation
Cairns and Brookfield, 2011
Food Production & External Input
• Average rice production
(2013)
– Jhum ~ 1.9 MT ha-1
– Wet rice ~ 2.5 MT ha-1 • Rice variety • Fertility
• Fertilizer Use (2013) ~ 6 kg ha-1 – N:P:K consumption ratio
3:2:1
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, 2013
Rice 45% Maize
17%
Other cereals
4%
Pulses 9%
Oil seeds 16%
Cash crops 9%
Area occupies by different crops
Soil Conservation
Photos: Changkija
Zabo: Nutrient & Water Management
Photos: Changkija
Post-harvest: Crop & Field Management
Photo: Changkija
Photo: Krug, 2009
Sustainability
• Land use - Food security
• Infrastructure
• Economic Income
Thank You Dr. Karlyn Eckman
Photo Courtesy
Dr. Sapu Changkija Suchamayang Kichu
Question?