agriculture birth to today history a research report by allah dad khan
TRANSCRIPT
Agriculture Birth to date . A time line history of Agriculture in World .
Research from different Aspects .By Allah dad
khan Agriculture Expert KPK
Pakistan [email protected]
1200BC to 900BC
12000 BC Neolithic revolution, the first agriculture revolution begins in ancient Near East.Domestication of wheat at PPNA sites in the Levant.
11000 BC Asiatic mouflon sheep domesticated
10000 BC Dogs had been domesticated in Europe by about 10000 BC
10000 BC Beginning of Agriculture in Middle East.
9500 BC Earliest evidence of domesticated wheat
9000 BC In Southern Asia, wheat and barley were cultivated, and sheep and goats were domesticated.
9000 BC The first traces of sheep-keeping go back to around 9000 BC
9000 BC Bitter vetch and lentils along with almonds and pistachios appear in Franchthi Cave Greece simultaneously, about 9,000
9000 BC Indian Agriculture began as a result of early cultivation of plants , and domestication of crops and animals.
9000 BC Wheat, Barley and jujube were domesticated in the Indian Subcontinent
9000 Bc Wild sheep flocks managed in Zagros mountains
8500 BC to 7000 BC
8500 BC PPNB sites across the Fertile Crescent growing wheat, barley, chickpeas, peas, beans, flax and bitter vetch.
8500 BC Sheep and goat domesticated
8000 BC Wild goat domesticated
8000 BC Domestication of Sugar Cane in New Guinea
8000 BC The inca Indian in peru were first to cultivate potato
7700 BC First domesticated wheat in the Fertile cresent
7000 BC Grain Agriculture Developed in Egypt
7000 BC Cultivation of wheat, sesame, barley, and eggplant in Mehrgarh (Pakistan).
7000 BC Cat domesticated ( African Wild cat)
7000 BC Pottery developed in Middle Eastern village
7000 BCAgriculture had reached southern Europe with evidence of emmer and einkorn wheat, barley, sheep,
goats, and pigs suggest that a food producing economy is adopted in Greece and the Aegean.7000 BC Agriculture developed in parts of the Americas. Domesticated crops included beans, corn (maize), cassavas,
squashes, potatoes, and peppers
6800 BC to 6000 BC
6800 BC Rice domesticated in Southern Asia
6500 BC Cattle were domesticated in Greece and Italy and Turkey
6000 BC Archaeological evidence from various sites on the
Iberian peninsula suggest the domestication of plants and
animals.6000 BC The Huang (Yellow) River Valley was an area of early
farming in northern China. Millet was a staple crop there. Rice, which may have originated in India, was cultivated throughout much of Asia by 5000 B.C.
6000 BC Granary built in Mehrgarh for storage of access food
6000 BC Indus valley grows from wheat to sugarcane
5500 BC to 5000 BC
5500 BC In Mesopotamia, simple irrigation began and led to increased agricultural production, eventually contributing to the rise of cities.
5500 BC in Ireland are the oldest known field systems in the world, this
landscape consists of extensive tracts of land enclosed by brick walls .
Millstone used for grinding flour 5400 BC Archeology proof for domestication of chicken
5200 BC Maize domesticated in USA and chicken domestication in China
5000 BC Africa Grows riceandsorghum
4000BC
4000 BC In Mehrgarh, the domestication of numerous crops, including peas, sesame seeds, dates, and cotton, as well as a
wide range of domestic animals, including the Domestic Asian Water Buffalo, an animal that remains essential to
intensive agriculturalproduction throughout Asia today.4000 BC
Egyptians discover how to make bread using yeast
4000 BC Evidence for rice domestication in the Korat plateau area of northwestern Thailand
4000 BC First use of light wooden ploughs in Mesopotamia ( modern day Iraq)
4000 BC Use of wool in textile
4000 BC Donkey domesticated
4000 BC Ploughs make an appearance in Mesopotamia
4000 BC Horse and Camel domesticated
4000 BCWater Bufalloe domesticated
4000 BC Grape cultivation started in Caucasus region
3500BC to 3000BC
3500 BCFirst agriculture in the Americas, around Central Amazonia or
Ecuador3500 BC
Irrigation was being used in Mesopotamia (Modern dayIraq) and
Farming has spread across Europe3500 BC
First agriculture in the Americas, around Central Amazcuadoronia
3500 BC Llamas were domesticated in South America. The animals were used as beasts of burden and as sources of wool and meat in some Andean areas
3000 BC The water buffalo was domesticated in India and became an important draft animal.
3000 BC Maize Domesticated in USA
3000 BC Sugar Produced in India
3000 BC Turmeric, cardamom, pepper and mustard are harvested in the Indus Valley Civilization
3000 BC Fermentation of dough , grain and fruit juices in practice
3000 BC Egyptian used the first bread oven
2700 BC to 2000 BC
2737 BC Tea is Discovered
2700 BC Corn is first Cultivated in Mesoamerica
2600 BC Large-scale commercial timbering of cedars in Phoenicia (Lebanon) for export to Egypt and Sumeria. Similar commercial timbering in South India
2600 BC Canal irrigation system was developed in India
2600 BC Number of settlement were build on the bank of Indus river.
2500 BC Grain agriculture formed the basis of the Harappan civilization in the Indus River Valley in present-day Pakistan and India.Yak domesticated
2500 BC Human have utilized pesticides tpo protect their crops
2000 BC 1st windmill in Babylon. , domesticated horses introduced in mEsopotina
2000 BC Sugarbeet domesticated
1700 BC to 1000 BC
1800 BC Indus valley civilization saw the beginning of their decline
1700 BCWind powered machine developed by Babylonians
1500 BC Around 1500 BCE, a large group of nomadic cattle-herders, the
Aryans, migrated into the region from central Asia. Pastoral farming
spread across Eurasian 1500 BC
Jute was first cultivated in India where it was used to make ropes and
cordage.1319 BC The Quatinah Barrage or Lake Homs Dam, located in Syria, is the
oldest operational dam in the world. The dam was constructed during the reign of the Egyptian Pharaoh Sethi between 1319-1304 BC, and was expanded during the Roman period and between 1934 and 1938.
1300 BC Creation of canal linking thr nile delta to red sea
1000 BC Sugar processing in India
1000 BC to 1 BC
550 BC Crystallized sugar was discovered by the time of Gupta
530 BCTunnel of Eupalinos first underground aqueduct
500 BC The moldboard iron plough is invented in China
500 BCRow cultivation of crops using intensive hoeing to weed and conserve moisture practiced in China.
300 BC Efficient trace harness for plowing invented in China
200 BC Iron in the Celtic world experiences a significant boom. Iron manufacturing increase in all facets of life
such as weapon construction and agriculture items.
200 BC The romans started to use animal power to grind wheat and they used sieves to produce finer flour , baking
oven improved100 BC
Rotary winnowing fan invented in China
Mouldboard plough used in China 5 BC
Watermills were introduced to Asia Minor
1 Ad to 1000 Ad
100 AD Proserpina Dam in Spain constructed
200 ADThe fishing reel invented in China
200 ADMulti tube seed drill is invented in China
400 ADRabbit domesticated in France
600 ADThe distillation of alcohol in China
China Established its first sugar cane plantation .607 AD
The Chinese begin constructing a massive canal system to connect the Yellow and Yangtze rivers
700 AD Arab Agriculture revolution
701 AD Manolike Dam I Japan
800 AD the open-field system of planting was common in western Europe. Village land was divided into two or three large fields, and crops were rotated in each field yearly, with one field left unplanted.
1000 AD Plow pulled by Oxen are usedCoffee originates in Arabia
1001 to 1500 AD
1180 AD Wind mills were introduced to Syria, France and England
1400 -1500AD Explorers introduced plants and agricultural products from Asia and the Americas into Europe. Coffee, tea, and indigo were carried back from Asia. Potatoes, tomatoes, corn (maize), and beans were among the plants brought from the Americas. Some of these plants expanded people's diets in parts of Europe.
1400-1600 ADCrop rotation was introduced
1400-1600 AD As the population grew, breadmaking was firmly established as a business and trade.
1480 AD Antwerp saw sugar production extended to canary Island.
1490 AD Madeira had overtaken Cyprus as producer of sugar
1492 AD Colombus exchange changes agriculture
1493 AD Sugar cane probably originated in New Guinea, and was taken to
the Americas by the explorer Christopher Columbus on his second
expedition there in 1493.
1500 AD First Sugarcane Plantation s were formed in Central America
1501 to 1699
1500 AD First Sugarcane Plantation s were formed in Central America
1536 ADPotato arrived in Europe
!589 AD Sir Walter Raleigh introduced potato in Ireland
1597 ADThe potato started and being grown.
1599 ADFirst practical green house created.
1600 AD French Agronomist Oliver de Serres discover crystiline in sugarbeet
1609 ADEuropian sailors take the potato to China
1621 ADThe first potatoarrived in North America
1625 AD After 1625, the Dutch carried sugarcane from South America to the Caribbean islands
1650 AD Improved methods of fishhook making were devised in the 1650s by Charles Kirby
1666 ADA great fire of London originated in the Kings Baker Shop
1700Ad to 1793 AD
1700 ADNew crop rotation methods evolved in Europe's Low Countries and in England, improving previous systems. Charles Townshend popularized a four-field system in Norfolk County, England. He found that turnips could be rotated with wheat, barley, clover, and ryegrass to make soil more fertile and increase yields.
1700 AD Jersey developed in British Channel Island of Jersey
1700 AD In England, Robert Bakewell pioneered the selective breeding of cattle and sheep to produce meatier animals.British Agriculture revolution begins
1700-1800 AD Industrial Revolution , Jethro Tull invented the mechanical seed drill
1701 AD Jethro Tull introduced the seed drill to English farmers. The device, which cut furrows and dropped in seeds, ended the slow, laborious task of sowing seeds by hand for many people.
1719 AD Potato introduced in North America
1730 AD Scots plough invented by James Small
1768 Ad The steam engine first poered a sugarmill in jamica
1793 AD In the United States, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that separated fiber from seed much more quickly than people could do it by hand
1793 Ad to 1840 Ad1793 AD First Merino Sheep imported
1794 AD Cotton Gin invented
1798 AD Thomas Malthus predicts impending femine as population growt outstrips food production
1800 AD Chemical fertilizer began to use
18 01 First First French Fries served in America
101 AD First europian sugar factory was established by Franz Achard in Germany .
1813 AD British Chemist Edward Charles Howard invented a method for rIn the United States, the first practical reaper, or grain harvesting machine, was patented by Cyrus McCormick.efining sugar
1834 AD In the United States, John Deere patented the steel plow. It was stronger, sharper, and more efficient than wooden or iron plows. Heavy damp soil did not stick to it as readily.
1840 Major out break of potato blight in Europe
1841Ad to 1860 Ad
1842 AD In England, Sir John Bennet Lawes founded the first factory to manufacture superphosphate. This marked the beginning of the chemical fertilizer industry.
1844 AD Rochdale Pioneers founded the modern cooperative movement,
1845 AD The Irish Potato Femine
1850 AD Railroad and steamship lines were expanded, opening up new markets. Improved methods of and canning made poss ble the long-distance shipping of perishable agricultural products.
!852 Ad David Weston first applied the centrifuge to separate sugar from molasses
1853 AD Potato crisp invented in Newyork
1860 AD Hay cultivation changes
1861 Ad to 1890 AD1863 AD International corn show in Paris with corn varities from different countries
1866 AD The results of Gregor Mendel's studies in heredity were published in Austria. In experiments with pea plants, Mendel learned how traits were passed from one generation to the next. His work paved the way for improving crops through genetics.
1868 AD The first engine powered farm tractor used a steam engine and were introduced.
1870 AD Sugar beet cultivation commercialized in Central California
1871 AD Louis Pasteur invent Pasteurization
1879 AD Milking Machine replaces milking
1881 AD First generation of hybrid corn to increase production created.
1890 AD The first gasoline-powered tractors were built. They gradually replaced steam-powered tractors and draft animals in many parts of the world
1890 AD Two factories for sugar from sugar beet established in Alvardo ( union city )
1890 AD The combine harvester, which combined the cutting and threshing of grain crops, came into widespread use in California. It gradually spread to other western states. The combine reduced the amount of labor needed to harvest one hectare of wheat from 37 to 6.25 man-hours.
1891 Ad to 1920 AD
1892 AD John Froehlich invented and built the first gasoline /petrol powered tractor in Iowa USA
1895 Ad Refregiration for domestic and commercial food preservation introduced in USA and UK.
1900 AD Birth of Industrial Agriculture
1900 AD Plant breeding advances wheat quality improves , increase in global trade
1901 AD The firm first tractor effort Hart- Part 1 wsa mde
1904 AD The cooperative movement was started in British India with the coming into force of the Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 1904
1905 AD Organic Agriculture begins in Central Asia and India
1920 AD Better nutrition, disease control measures, and breeding practices greatly improved livestock production in many countries.
1920 AD Scientists improved the seeds from which farmers grew corn. The best qualities of several kinds of seeds were combined. Fertilizers helped farmers produce more from each plant
1921 AD to 1940 AD
1923 AD Commercial hybrid seed corn developed by Henry Wallac ( Pioneer Seed )
1929 AD The potato peeler is patented
1930 AD First use of aerial photos in Earth Sciences and agriculture.First plant patent is given .
1930 Ad Brioler Chicken developed
1934 AD The District of Columbia Commissioner sponsor a three day cherry blossom celebration
1935 AD The U.S. Rural Electrification Administration was established. Electricity became more readily available in rural areas.
1939 AD Paul Muller scientists discover DDT was introduced, marking the beginning of agriculture's heavy use of chemical pesticides in developing countries. The U.S. bannedDDT in 1972 because it was harming theenvironment.
1939 AD Comparison of organic and convential farming.
1940 AD Manufactures begin to produce synthetic pesticide
1940 AD Sir Albert Howard book on OF “ An Agricultural Testament”
1941 to 1950 AD
1943 AD Lady Eve Balfour Published “ the Living soil “
1944 AD Green revolution begins in Mexico
1945 AD Machines and increased productivity in industrialized countries sharply reduced the number of people working in agriculture. Through scientific advances and improved management techniques, farmers produced more food than ever before.
1945 AD FAO was established on 16 October 1945, in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
1950 AD Several developing countries, such as India and the Philippines, experienced the green revolution. High-yield grains were introduced, greatly increasing production and local supplies.
1950 Ad JI Rodale popularize term and methods of organic growing.
1951 to 1970 AD
1951 AD FAO HQ moved to Italy
1955 AD Mexico become self sufficient in wheat as a result of green revolution
1957 AD The term Agribusiness was coined by Goldberg and Davis.
1957 AD - Richard O. Marshall and Earl P. Kooi developed high-fructose corn syrup which is now present in many sweet products, mostly sodas
1960 AD International Rice Institute established in Manila Philipine
1960 AD The first phase of Warsak Dam Completed.
1961 AD Agriculture development bank of Pakistan established
1962 AD Silent Spring is an environmental science book written by Rachel Carson and published byHoughton Mifflin on September 27, 1962.
1966 AD Cooperative Board formed
1970 AD Researchers in California first spliced a gene from one organism into another, and the age of genetic engineering began. Genetic engineering offers the possibility of making plants and animals hardier, more resistant to disease, and more productive.
1970 AD Borlaug is awarded Nobel Peace Prize for contribution to world peace through increasing food supply by green revolution .
1971 to 1999 AD
1971 AD International Potato center open in Lima
1972 Organic movements starts taking roots
1974 AD China creates the first hybrid rice
1974 AD Mangla Dam Completed
1976 Tarbela Dam In Pakistan Completed
1980 AD The first American patent for a genetically engineered organism, a bacterium used to clean up oil spills, is granted
1980 AD Biotechnology becomes viable for improving crop and livestock products
1984 Ad American used corn syrup instead of sugar in Coca Cola
1990 AD Biotechnology brings important new developments in dairy, corn, and other commodities; genetically engineered crops and livestock appear
1991 AD Europian union provides a legal frame work to organic agriculture.
1995 AD Potato is grown in Space
1996 A D Commecial cultivation of genetically modified plants
1996 AD Dolly sheep cloned
2000 to 2010 AD
2000 AD Genetically modified plants cultivated around the world.
2002 AD United States adopts the National organic program
2005 AD Laser used to replace stickers by writing on food “ track and trace “ and identify individual pieces of fresh fruit.
2005 AD Agriculture out put of china was the largest in world
2008 AD United Nations International year of the potato
2008 AD In March 2008, IFOAM - International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements World Board the following definition for Organic Agriculture:"Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people. It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects. Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved."
2009 AD Vertical Farming
