agriculture economy

8/7/2019 Agriculture economy

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AGRICULTURE

INTRODUCTION


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Saima Merchant


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Agricultureis veryimportant forPakistan.

Ithasplayedadirectandindirectroleingenerating economicgrowth.

Pakistanstartedasanagriculture-basedeconomyin 1947.


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THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR PLAYS

AN IMPORTANT PART IN PAKISTAN'S

ECONOMY BY:


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Contributing 20 percenttowards GDP.

Providing foodtoabout 130 millionpeople.

Earning about 60 percentofthecountry'stotalexport

earnings.

Providing employmentto 47 percentofthetotalwork force.

Providing themainsourceoflivelihood fortherural

population (whichis 70%) of Pakistan.

Providing rawmaterials formanyindustriesandamarket formanylocallyproducedindustrialproducts.


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Policies Green Revolution (1960s)

Water, HYV seeds, fertilizerandpesticide.

Land Reforms (1959 & 1972) Abolitionofthe Jagir system

Otherlandreforms Hari Committee,Sindh

Punjab Tenancy Act

Sindh Tenancy Act

Sometoprotectthelandlordsandsometoprotectthetenants.


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Reasons forthedeclineof Agricultural

Activityin Pakistan

Interestin farming hasdeclinedovertheyears.

Thelandlordsystem.

Moremoneyintheindustrialsectorinlargecities.

Mechanization/Tractorization-lessworkersneeded.


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Notall farmerscanaffordmachines.

Modern Irrigation

systemisexpensive. Traditional Irrigation

systemsareslowandcannotreach far.

Acuteshortageofwater.

Floods.


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GDP OF PAKISTAN-Composition BySector

(According to 2009 Statistics)

20.80%

24.30%

54.90%

Agriculture

Industry

Services


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LABOR FORCE-Composition BySector

(According to 2005 Statistics)

43.00%

23.30%

36.60% Agriculture

Industry

Services


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Tehmina Khalid


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STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURE

Agricultureconsistsof:

- Crops

- Livestock

- Fisheries- Forests


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CROPS

MajorcropsofPakistanarewheat,rice,mai

ze,cottonandsugarcane.

Minorcrops areoilseed,onions,

mangoes,chilliesandpulses.


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LIVESTOCK

Livestockisthesecondimportantsectorofagriculture.

ProductsoflivestockareMilk, Beef,Mutton, Poultry

meat, Eggs, Wool,Skinand Hides. Whileotherdevelopmentsectorexperiencedsaturationanddeclinetherehasbeenanincreaseinlivestocksectorin 2009-10. Gross valueadditionoflivestockatcurrentfactorcosthasincreased from Rs. 1304.6 billion (2008-09)to Rs. 1537.5 billion (2009-10) showing anincreaseof 17.8percentascomparedtopreviousyear.

Pakistanranks 7thamong milkproducing countries,withanestimated 21 billionlitresofmilkproducedannually.


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FISHERIES

Fisheryplaysanimportantroleinthenationaleconomy. Itprovidesemploymenttoabout 300,000 fishermendirectly.

A substantial quantityof fishisconsumedlocally. Remaining isexportedinsalteddried, frozenandchilled form.

Fisheriessharein GDP althoughis verylittlebutitaddssubstantiallytothenationalincomethroughexportearnings.

During theyear 2008-09,atotalof 134,000 m.tonsof fishandfisheryproductswereexportedearning US$ 236 million.

Fishand fisheryproductsareprocessedandexportedtoover 50countries.


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FISHERIES

During theperiod July-March 2009-10thetotalmarineandinland fishproductionwasestimated 952,735 M.tonsoutwhich 667,762 M.tonswas

marineproductionandtheremainingcatchcome frominlandwaters.

Whereasthe Production fortheJuly-March 2008-09 wasestimatedtobe 914,141 M. Tonsinwhich 660,141M.tonswas formarineandtheremaining wasproducedbyinlandfisherysector.

Thereisanincreaseof 1.3 percentinthe quantitycomparedtothelastyear.


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FORESTS

Forestsarecrucial forthewellbeing ofhumanity.

Theyprovide foundations

oflifeonearththroughecological functions,byregulating theclimateandwaterresourcesandbyserving ashabitats for

plantsandanimals.


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FORESTS

TOTAL FOREST COVER (1000 ha)

1Hectacre= 10,000 SquareMetres

ANNUAL CHANGE RATE

(Negativenumberrepresentsdeforestation)

1990 2000 2005 2010

2527 2116 1902 1687

YEAR 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010

1000 ha -41 -43 -43

Percent -1.76 -2.11 -2.37


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AGRICULTURAL GROWTH

Year Agriculture

%

Major

Crops

%

Minor

Crops

%

Livestock

%

Fishery

%

Forestry

%

2003-04 2.4 1.7 3.9 2.9 2.0 -3.2

2004-05 6.5 17.7 1.5 2.3 0.6 -32.4

2005-06 6.3 -3.9 0.4 15.8 20.8 -1.1

2006-07 4.1 7.7 -1.0 2.8 15.4 -5.1

2007-08 1.0 -6.4 10.9 4.2 9.2 -13.0

2008-09 4.0 7.3 -1.7 3.5 2.3 -3.0

2009-10 2.0 -0.2 -1.2 4.1 1.4 2.2

Source: Federal BureauofStatistics


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MAJOR CROPS: Cotton: Contributessignificantlyin foreignexchangeearning.

Accounts for 1.8percentto GDP The cotton production was 5.0 percent lessthan the target of 13.36 million bales mainly

due to:

The shortage of irrigation water.

High temperatures in the month of Augustresulting in excessive fruit shedding.

Flare up of sucking pest complexes

Widespread of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV).

CROP SITUATION


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Cotton Production (000 bales)


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Sugarcane: Grownin Kharifseason

Providesrawmaterialtosugar 0.8percentsharein GDP.

Sugarcane production for the year 200910 is estimated at 49.4

million tons, against 50.0 million tons last year.

This indicates a decline of1.3 percent over the production of last

year.

Main factors contributing for lesser production are:

-Maximum area under wheat crop during 200809 restricted the

sugarcane acreage

- Shortage of canal water

- Load shedding of electricity

- Realization of lower prices in the preceding season

- High rate of inputs also discouraged the farmers to grow more

sugarcane crop.


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Sugarcane Production (000 Tons)


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Rice: Anessentialcashcrop

Oneofthemainexportitems Accounts for 1.4 percentin GDP.

Area sown for rice is estimated at 2883 thousand

hectares, 2.7percent less than last year.

The size of the crop is estimated at 6883 thousand tons 1.0 percent

less than last year.

In Punjab sugarcane area was also shifted to rice crop, as the

growers were discouraged due to nonpayment of their dues in time by

the sugar mills.


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Rice Production (000 Tons)


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Wheat:Leading food grain

Staple diet of the people Contributes 3.1 percent to GDP

Area and production target of wheat for the year 200910

had been set at 9045 thousand hectares and 25 million

tons, respectively.

Wheat was cultivated on an area of 9042 thousand

hectares, showing a decrease of 0.04 percent over last

years area of 9046 thousand hectares.

The impact of water shortages (availability at farm gate)

and lower rainfall during the sowing

period has been the main reason for lesser acreage under

wheat crop.


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Wheat Production (000 Tons)


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MINOR CROPS

Oilseeds

Includescottonseed,rapeseed/mustard,sunflowerandcanola

etc

Localproductionofedibleoilstoodat 684 thousandtonsduring 2008-09,whichis 24 percentofthetotalavailabilityinthe

country.

Whiletheremaining 76 percentwasmadeavailablethrough

imports.

During 2009-10 (July-March) 1.246 milliontonsedibleoilwhich

amountedto Rs. 77.78billionshasbeenimported.


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Other Minor Crops:MASOOR ONOIN POTATO

The production of masoor, onion and potato increased by

1.4%, 9.0% and 15.9% respectively

Timely rain supplemented to some extent for increasingproduction of masoor, onion and potato.

However, the production of mung, mash and chillies

decreased by 24.6%, 20.6 % and 0.5% respectively.

The decreased in these crops is mainly due to reduction of

area under such crops as the area of mung, mash and chillies

decreased by 16.6 %, 12.7 % and 22.2 % respectively.


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2010 Pakistan floods

Duration:

26 July 2010-Present

Damages:

$43 billion(estimated)

Fatalities:

1,781+]

Areas affected:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Punjab,Sindh,Balochistan

andGilgit-Baltistan


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How we Technically

manage Flood inPakistan?


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Advance preparation:

Constructionoftemporary floodprotectionworks.

Placing emergencyresponseteamsonhighalert.

Distributionofcriticalmaterialssuchasstockpiledsandbagstotargeted

locations.

Preparationofemergencysheltersandhospitalsprepared foroccupation.

Thepopulationatriskcanbeinformedofwhatisexpectedoftheminthe

actualityofanextremeevent. Astheeventbecomesmorecertain,actions

suchasevacuationofpeople, goodsandmachinerycanbegin.

Mediaandpublicinformationsessionshelpsetthestageaswell.


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HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THE

AGRICULTURE SECTOR OFPAKISTAN?

l i i l l bl


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Solutions For Agricultural Problems In

Pakistan: Feudalismshouldbeabolishedandlandsshouldbeallottedtopoor farmers.

Taxesshould be leviedon Agriculturalincomebutnotwithoutdevising limitoflandholding

A new Agriculturalpolicymustbe framedinwhich following stepsshouldbefocussed on:

- Small farmermustbe focused. Themajorproblemsofsmall farmersshouldbesolved first.

- Consumer friendlypolicymustbeprojected.

- Productivityenhancementprogramme mustbeconstitutedtoadjustandsupportprices.

- Different Agriculturalzonesshouldbeintroduced.

Moredamsshouldbeconstructedon Indus, Jehlum and Chenabrivers.


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Livestock!!


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THE LIVESTOCK RESEARCH FOR

RURAL DEVELOPMENT18(1)2006


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THE LIVESTOCK RESEARCH FOR RURALDEVELOPMENT18(1)2006


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THE LIVESTOCK RESEARCH FOR RURALDEVELOPMENT18(1)2006


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Livestock in National Economy

{Economic Survey (2006Economic Survey (2006--07)} Agriculture in Pak GDP

Livestock in Pak GDP

Share in agri GDP

Livestock in export

Dependent Population

Growth Rate in 1990s

Growth Rate 2000-07

22%

10.4%

49.1%

8.5%

> 6.5m families

4.5%

3.2%


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LIVESTOCKPRODUCTS

Milk

Beef

Mutton

Poultrymeat

Eggs

Wool

Hair

Skinsandhides

33.230 milliontons

1.237 milliontons

0.827 milliontons

0.514 milliontons

9.618billions

41.2 thousandtons

25.0 thousandtons

57.6 millionnos


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CHALLENGES FACED BY LIVESTOCK IN PAKISTAN

Poor genetic & reproductive efficiency.

Epidemics of infectious diseases.

Lack of organized marketing.

Small holders production system.

Unavailability of credit to the livestock farmers (11% of agricultural credit).

Shortage (by 30%) of feed resources in quantity and quality.


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Livestock losses compound

Pakistan's misery

Flood 2010

According tothe U.N.agriculturalagency: flooding

haskilledatleast 200,000 livestock!!


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ACCORDING TOTHE LIVESTOCK RESEARCH FOR RURAL

DEVELOPMENT18(1)2006


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Initiatives taken by the government to promote this

Industry:

Duty freeimportofagrobasedmachineryetc.

Provisionof veterinaryhealthcoveragebylivestockdept.

Establishmentofbeefandmutton fattening farms,slaughterhousesinprivatesector.

Milkcollection,Processing and Dairy Production Development Programs (LDDB --

15%financialassistance).

National PoultryandFisheries Development Policy.

EU GOP Strengthening of LivestockServicesin GOP Strengthening of

LivestockServicesin Pakistan (RP , PPR , Training of VETS, VET Asst,livestock

farmersandwomen)


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Measures to Improve the Rural Livestock Production shouldinclude the following:

Improving the genetic potential of indigenous livestock through

selection, crossbreeding.

Quality of poor fodders and straws can be improved with treatmentof urea and molasses. The urea is cheap source of nitrogen while

molasses provides ample energy to the ruminants.

Good, economical, efficient and flexible housing plans be developed

through animal production experts or any other viable and

sustainable sources.

Enforcement of vaccination schedules beside proper and timely

veterinary cover.


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Control of ecto- and endo-parasites through proper dipping and

drenching. Response of proper feeding and improved nutritional

management is much lower if animals are infested with the parasites.

Improvement of breed potential and good management will increase

conception rate, growth rate, milk yield and decrease calving interval.


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Price stability in livestock production is a must for avoiding great

seasonal fluctuations. Implementation of sound policies can bring

the livestock economy to a great certainty.

Preservation of surplus milk in winter by converting it into powder

and saving enormous amount of foreign exchange being spent on

the import of dry milk.


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Replacing draught animals to beef route through fattening and finishingprograms. Also the encouragement of feedlot system for cattle, male

buffalo calves, sheep, goats and other culled animals.

Meat grading, preservation and suitable marketing are required. Properpricing system is also the need of the hour.

Encouragement of commercial producers by providing incentives and

services.

Proper manure handling, its preservation, timely application for

increasing soil fertility and keeping pollution under control.


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MARIUM AHMED

9243


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SOLUTIONS

Systemofwastedisposal

Strictmeasuresinbreeding season


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PROBLEMS OFFORESTRY

Deforestationcauses:

Growing population

Industrializationandurbanization Demand forwood

Forheating andcooking purposes

Overgrazing


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SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF

DEFORESTATION

Growing trees

Creating awareness

Supplyofnatural gasinthehillyareas Improving techniquesofplanting

Ensuring thatlogging companiesuseonly

selectivecutting methods.


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AFFORESTATION PROJECTS

Theselectionofareastobeafforested

Themanagementofplantations

Thedevelopmentofwaysofusing forestproducts.


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Thankyou!

agriculture economy

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