agriculture paper 2 topic wise upsc questions - ias junior · upsc agriculture paper 2 topicwise...

UPSC AGRICULTURE PAPER 2 TOPICWISE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

W W W . I A S J U N I O R . C O M P a g e 1 | 16

AGRICULTURE PAPER 2 TOPIC WISE UPSC QUESTIONS

SYLLABUS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTION CELL BIOLOGY: Cell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of genetic material. Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutations - and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.

2018: a. What is protoplasm? Briefly discuss its chemical composition

and physical properties. b. What do you understand by chromosomal aberration?

Discuss in brief, the major types of chromosomal aberrations. c. What do you mean by self-incompatability? Discuss ways and

means to overcome self-incompatibility. d. Differentiate between aneuploid, euploid and polyploid.

Explain in detail the applications of allopolyploidy in crop improvement.

2017:

a. What is cell? Enlist different organelles of plant cell with brief description of functions of mitochondria.

b. What do you mean by male sterility? List various types of male sterility systems found in plants and discuss the chemically induced male sterility.

c. Explain cytoplasmic inheritance and its characteristics. d. What is polyploidy? Briefly discuss its application and

limitations in crop improvement. e. What are mutations? Indicate the use of induced mutation in

varietal development. 2016:

a. Elaborate Mendel's law of 'independent assortment' by giving suitable example.

b. Discuss sterility systems used in hybrid seed production. Briefly mention chemically induced male sterility.

c. Give evidences supporting translocation of organic solutes in phloem. Explain ringing experiment.

d. Given the seed from a male sterile line of corn, how would you determine if the sterility is genetic or cytoplasmic?

e. Discuss the practical applications of mutations in wheat, rice and barley. Name two varieties of wheat released by the use of induced mutations in India.

f. Give an account of mechanism of protein synthesis. Compare it with prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

g. Differentiate between transpiration and guttation. Why permanent wilting takes place?

h. Write notes on the following: Vascular wilt and xylem wilt

2015:

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a. Classify the mutation. Explain the application of mutation breeding.

b. What is meant by linkage and crossover? Write their significance in recombination breeding.

c. What are the components of DNA and RNA? Give the characteristic difference of the DNA and RNA.

d. What is cell? Explain the structure and function of the cell. e. Write notes on each of the following:

Laws of heredity

2014: a. "Aneuploids are generally weak, but they are useful in plant

breeding". Evaluate this statement in the light of available information.

b. Why do quantitative traits show continuous variation? c. DNA is a genetic material. How does DNA contribute to the

development of various traits? d. Write notes on the following

• Somaclonal variation • Gene cloning and development of transgenics

e. What are the fundamental difference between transpiration and guttation? In a winter morning, water droplets might be noticed on some plant leaves. How could it be ascertained whether the water droplets were those of dew drops or guttation water?

2013:

a. Discuss the usefulness of autopolyploidy in crop improvement.

b. Which measure of heritability (broad sense or narrow sense) will be appropriate for selecting in a mixture of homozygous lines and for segregating generations? Explain the basis for your answer.

c. Briefly describe the salient features of cytoplasmic inheritance and give the reasons therefor.

d. Discuss / explain the reasons for the following in max of 200 words each Interspecific hybrids show variable degrees of sterility

e. Write short notes on the following (max of 200 words each) Sex-influenced and sex-limited characters

f. Briefly describe the following in 150 words each The mechanism of ion transport across membranes

g. Write short notes on the following in 200 words each Water potential of plant cells

2012: a. Describe different types of structural variations in

chromosomes. Mention its genetic implications.




b. What is cell cycle? Describe different stages of interphase of mitosis.

c. Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each : Plant breeder's right and variety protection

d. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each : Satellite viruses

2011: a. What are transgenics? Discuss the major biosafety concerns

of genetically modified crops. b. What are cytoplasmic mutations? Discuss their role in crop

improvement. c. Describe briefly the ultra structure of a plant cell. Explain cell

as a structural and functional unit of life. d. What are haploids? How are they produced? Discuss their

applications in crop improvement. e. What are heritability? Explain the types of heritability and

their significance in crop improvement. f. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each

Somaclonal variation and its use in crop improvement PLANT BREEDING: History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources- conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections, combining ability, its

2018: a. Define mass selection. Explain its applications in self-

pollinated crops. b. What do you mean by heterosis? Describe the physiological

bases of heterosis. c. Enlist Mendel's different laws. Describe in detail about the

law of segregation with suitable examples 2017:

a. Give a brief account of conservation of crop genetic resources.

b. What is embryo rescue? Write its advantages in crop improvement. Indicate the technique with special reference to interspecific and intergeneric hybridization.

c. Describe the applications of molecular markers in crop improvement.

d. Define heterosis. How is heterosis being exploited in the development of hybrids?

e. Narrate the role of genetic engineering in crop improvement. f. Explain the mechanism involved in breeding for resistance to

insect-pests. 2016:

a. Define 'pure lines' along with their characteristics. How are they used in crop improvement?

b. Define 'general combining ability'. Explain the genetic basis and methods for estimating SCA in diallel mating system.




significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation. Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement. Genetically modified crop plants.

c. What are the genetic consequences of self and cross pollination?

d. Discuss the importance of gene pyramiding and gene introgression in developing disease-resistant cultivars.

e. Describe the procedure of tissue culture for multiplying new cultivars of gladiolus.

f. Write notes on the following: Horizontal and vertical resistance

2015:

a. Write the package and practices of Gladiolus cultivars citing method of propagation, soil, climatic conditions, harvesting and yield.

b. What do you mean by genetically modified crop plants? Write its advantages and disadvantages.

c. Explain the law of homologous series. How is it helpful in genetic resources, conservation and utilization?

d. Define Cole crops. Explain on what basis Cole crops are grouped.

e. Discuss the importance of conservation of plant genetic resources for crop improvements.

2014:

a. 'Heterosis is observed in both self and cross-pollinated crops, but hybrid varieties are more common in cross-pollinated crops". Comment on this statement on the basis of relevant information.

b. Briefly describe the procedure for utilization of induced mutation in plant breeding.

c. Highlight the various contributions of inter-specific hybridization in crop improvement.

d. Define pure line. Discuss the relevance of pure line selection in self and cross pollinated crops.

e. Discuss the relevance of mode of reproduction in plant breeding.

f. Define general combining ability. Describe the procedure for recurrent selection for general combining ability.

g. Write notes on the following: • Gene Banks

2013:

a. Briefly describe the molecular mechanisms involved in heterosis.

b. Discuss / explain the reasons for the following in max of 200 words each • Pure lines become genetically variable with time. • Horizontal disease resistance is preferable to vertical

resistance.




• Cross-pollinated species show more inbreeding depression than self-pollinated species.

c. Write short notes on the following (max of 200 words each) Genetically modified food.

d. Explain the following in max of 200 words each • Usefulness of somatic hybridization of creating genetic

variation • Genetic consequences of repeated backcrossing

2012:

a. What is marker-assisted selection? Discuss its advantages over conventional phenotype-based selection in crop improvement.

b. What is detasselling? How it helps in hybrid breeding? c. What is host plant resistance? Give a detailed account of the

biophysical and biochemical bases of resistance. d. Define heterosis. Discuss its application in crop

improvement. e. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each :

Over dominance hypothesis

2011: a. What is hybridization? Briefly discuss the techniques in

hybridization. b. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each

Molecular markers and their applications in plant improvement

c. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each NETO and NEPO viruses

SEED PRODUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY: Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, seed testing and storage. DNA finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture

2018: a. Explain seed enhancement with its merits. Describe in brief

about the various practices used for seed enhancement. b. What do you mean by hybrid seed production? Describe the

different types of sterility systems to facilitate hybrid seed production.

c. Enumerate the various types of seeds. Give stepwise account of techniques associated with seed production.

d. Define Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). Discuss IPRs' relevance to agriculture.

e. Give justification that "DNA fingerprinting is a vital tool for identification of the cultivars".

2017:

a. What are the genetic and agronomic principles of seed production?

b. Describe various steps involved in seed certification and the institutions associated in the production of certified seeds.




2016: a. Explain Intellectual Property Rights. Give the present status

of IPR in relation to agriculture. b. Discuss the sui generis protection of traditional knowledge.

2015:

a. What are the objectives of seed testing? Write the testing procedure adopted in paddy and wheat crops.

2014:

a. Explain the meaning of genetic purity of seed. Briefly describe the various approaches for testing genetic purity of seed.

b. Discuss the role of National seeds Corporation in quality seed production in India.

c. Explain the use of cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility in hybrid seed production.

2013:

a. Discuss the usefulness of field inspection for seed certification.

b. Write short notes on the following (max of 200 words each) • Classes of improved seed • DNA fingerprinting in plant variety registration /

protection 2012:

a. What are male sterile lines? Describe its role in seed production.

b. Differentiate between seed vigour and viability. How are the two assessed in a seed testing programme?

c. What do you mean by "Intellectual Property”? How can the Intellectual Property be protected? What is the relevance of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) in agriculture?

2011:

a. Discuss critically the strengths and weaknesses of seed industry in India

b. Give a brief account of seed legislation in India. c. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each

Seed registration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption,

2018: a. Define enzyme. Give a note on the factors affecting the rate of

enzymic activities in plants. b. What do you mean by soil-plant-Atmosphere Continuum

(SPAC)? Describe the different soil moisture constants. c. Explain C3, C4 and CAM mechanism in plants and their

importance in changing climatic conditions.




translocation and metabolism of nutrients. Soil - water- plant relationship. Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis- modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalilzation. Plant growth substances and their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress physiology draught, salt and water stress.

d. Define auxins and explain their role in crop life cycles. Also, discuss the uses of auxins in agriculture.

e. Discuss the effects of water stress on plant growth and development. Describe plant borne from drought and stress situations.

f. What do you understand by seed dormancy? Discuss the reasons for seed dormancy. Also, describe the various methods for breaking seed dormancy.

2017:

a. What are plant growth regulators? How do they differ from phytohormones? Indicate the applications of plant growth regulators in agriculture.

b. Define 'evapotranspiration'. How it is affected by various factors? Briefly discuss the passive absorption of water by plants.

c. What is photophosphorylation? Distinguish between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. Give schematic structure of both the pathways.

d. Differentiate between symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation. How does symbiotic nitrogen fixation take place in crop plants?

2016:

a. How is water absorbed by land plants? Explain various external conditions affecting water absorption by roots.

b. Explain oxidative decarboxylation citing suitable example. c. Explain the connection between anaerobic and aerobic

respiration. d. Explain the phenomenon of passive absorption and give the

factors affecting the rate of absorption of water. e. Explain the effect of concentration of enzyme on its activity.

Give different methods for regulating the enzymic activity. 2015:

a. What are Enzymes? Write the properties and factors affecting enzyme's activity.

b. What do you mean by C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms? c. What is stress physiology? Write the physiology of seed

germination and development. d. What is photoperiodism? Write atleast one example of

shortday plant, longday plant and day neutral plant. e. Write the essential nutrients required by plants for growth

and development. Explain the boron deficiency symptoms in cauliflower and Litchi.

f. Define respiration and state why this process is essential for plants.




g. Name the process by which carbohydrates are synthesized in plants. Narrate its mechanism.

2014:

a. What is meant by 'sigmoid' growth curve? Draw and describe a sigmoid growth curve citing its different phases.

b. Show full reactions where 1) Alcohol dehydrogenase 2) Nitrate reductase 3) Glucokinase and 4) Succinate dehydrogenase are involved, therewith mentioning respective co-factor, co-enzyme, prosthetic group etc, if so required.

c. Differentiate between incipient wilting, temporary wilting and permanent wilting. Classify different types of droughts and mention how they are related to each other.

d. Write short notes on Hill reaction. Prove that O2 evolved during photosynthesis comes from water and not from CO2.

e. Define vernalization. How vernalization is activated in plants? Briefly discuss its importance in agriculture.

f. Give an account of different types of water present in soil. 2013:

a. Briefly describe the following in 150 words each The relative responses of photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants to temperature and CO2 concentration

b. Describe / Explain the following in 200 words each Mechanism of translocation of water from roots to leaves

c. Discuss the following in 200 words each • Biochemical functions of N and K in plants • Role of gibberellins in plant growth and development

2012:

a. What are phytohormones? Describe the physiological roles of auxins and gibberellins in plants.

b. Define the term stress. Give an account on how water deficit is created inside the tissue system in relation to injury and tolerance mechanism.

c. Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each : Phytoalexins

d. What is aerobic respiration? Describe the Krebs cycle reactions and discuss its significance in plant life.

2011:

a. What are plant antitranspirants? Disuss their applications giving suitable examples.

b. Distinguish between the C3 and C4 mechanisms of photosynthesis and discuss the biological significance of C4 cycle.

c. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each




Plant enzymes and their role in the vital activities of plants. HORTICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING: Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. Package practices of major horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

2018: a. Enlist factors affecting the post-harvest life of flowers. How

can it be controlled by growth regulators? b. Give package of cultivation of pomegranate with reference to

planting materials and methods, irrigation, nutrition, plant protection and post-harvest management.

c. Enlist different vegetative propagation methods for fruit plants. Describe the different layering techniques employed for fruit plant propagation.

d. Describe the post-harvest management and value-added products of black pepper.

2017:

a. Give a brief account of post-harvest losses in fruits. Suggest various management techniques to avoid losses due to post-harvest diseases.

b. Define medical and aromatic plants. Discuss their importance and uses.

c. How does high-tech horticulture technology play role in enhancing resource use efficiency and farmers' income?

d. What are various ways of value addition in fruits and vegetables?

2016:

a. What are the important new varieties of carnation? Explain the importance of pinching operation for producing quality carnation.

b. Explain the production technology for commercial cultivation of marigold and aster flowers.

c. How does maturity control the post harvest quality and storage life of fruits? Give maturity indices for some fruits and vegetables.

2015:

a. Write the distribution of mango malformation in India. What are the causes of different malformations? Suggest the combat the malformation.

b. Write the importance of punning and training in fruit crops. Describe the procedure adopted in grapes.

c. Write the package and practices of potato cultivation under the heads of soil and climatic condition, seed rate, nutrients requirement, time of planting, earthing and yield.

d. Write the production technology of marigold as it is one of the important flowers cultivated throughout the year.

2014:

a. Briefly discuss handling methods of export of mango.




b. Define jelly. Explain the principle of jelly formation. Briefly describe the preparation of jelly and enumerate problems in jelly making.

c. What is meant by protective cultivation? Briefly discuss importance of greenhouse in protective cultivation.

2013:

a. Briefly describe the following in 150 words each • The role of curing and degreeing in reducing post-harvest

losses of fruits and vegetables • Various methods of planting onions, and post-harvest

management of onions b. Describe / Explain the following in 200 words each

• Effect of dormant pruning on trees • Use of root stocks in apple cultivation

c. Write short notes on the following in 200 words each • Fermentation for fruit and vegetable preservation • Cauliflower cultivation under the following heads:

transplanting and post-harvest management d. Discuss the following in 200 words each

Preservation of fruits and vegetables by sugar

2012: a. Discuss the role of transgenic technology for enhancing shelf

life of fruits, vegetables and flowers. b. Define parthenocarpy. What are the different types of

parthenocarpy in fruits? How can it be induced in fruits? c. What is landscape architecture? State the principles of

landscaping. What are the steps involved in landscaping a public place?

d. Write the causes responsible for alternate bearing in mango and apple. Suggest effective measures to overcome the problem.

e. Write commercial cultivation practices of Anthurium with reference to microclimate, propagation and planting, harvesting and yield of Anthurium cutflowers.

f. Describe the production technology for Orchids under protected conditions.

g. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each : Antioxidant rich fruits and vegetables

2011: a. Define polyembryony. Discuss its significance in horticulture

with special reference to mango and citrus. b. What is micropropagation? What are its advantages? Give

suitable examples of its utilization in horticultural crops. c. Describe candied fruits, glazed fruits and crystallized fruits

and give the principles involved in their preservation.




d. Elucidate the medicinal uses of 'Sarpagandha' (Rauwolfia serpentina). Recommend the viable production technology for 'Sarpagandha'.

e. Describe the production technology for carnation under green house conditions

f. Write in brief the diagnostic symptoms of bunchy top of banana, its mode of transmission and management practices to combat the problem

g. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each Ikebana Sex expression in papaya

PLANT PROTECTION TECHNIQUES: Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Integrated pest and disease management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their formulation and modes of action.

2018: a. Describe the symptoms and management of leaf curl and

mosaic diseases in tomato. b. What do you mean by Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

Discuss the constraints in successful implementation of IPM. 2017:

a. Discuss the impact of PPV and FRA in varietal protection of crop plants.

b. Give a brief account of major pests and diseases of mango with their management measures.

c. Suggest the measures to prevent the spread of exotic pests and diseases in the country.

2016:

a. Compare the inculative and augmentative releases of natural enemies for biological control of pests.

b. Why are the concepts of economic threshold and economic injury levels important in IPM?

c. Discuss plant disease occurrence, epidemics and IDM. d. Write notes on the following:

• Ionizing radiations and insect control • Red flour beetle and Angoumois grain moth.

2015:

a. Write the diagnostic symptoms of Blister Blight of Tea. Explain the causal organism and management of the disease in tea plantation.

b. Name the important stored grain pests of Rice. Describe the biology and management of any of them.

c. Define quarantine. Explain the plant quarantine regulation with respect to wart disease of potato and bunchy top disease of Banana.

d. What are fungicides? How fungicides are classified on the basis of chemical nature?

e. Write notes on each of the following: • Predator and parasites




• Biological control of pests and diseases 2014:

a. What is plant disease epidemic? Why do disease epidemics occur? How can be managed?

b. Name the causal agent of black Sigatoka disease of banana. Enumerate the diagnostic symptoms of the disease. Suggest remedial measures to control the disease.

c. Describe the principles and practices of plant quarantine. Can import quarantine be exempted by submitting a phytosanitary certificate issued by the government of the exporting country? Also, disinfestations of planting material in the exporting country prior to importation or disinfestations in transit performed on the high seas considered to fulfill the requirements for quarantine inspection?

d. What is pesticide formulation? Differentiate active ingredient from inert ingredient. Give at least two examples each of active and inert ingredients. What is pesticide formulation? Differentiate active ingredient from inert ingredient. Give at least two examples each of active and inert ingredients.

2013: a. Explain the following in max of 200 words each

Transgenic plants for disease / insect resistance b. Briefly describe the following in 150 words each

Woolly apple aphid and its control c. Describe / Explain the following in 200 words each

Powdery mildew of rose and its control d. Write short notes on the following in 200 words each

Cotton whitefly and its control

2012: a. What are the causes of pest outbreak? Discuss the role of

pesticides in pest resurgence. b. "Genetic erosion caused by human activities is a threat to

agriculture" — Comment. c. Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each :

• Plant breeder's right and variety protection • Microbial pesticides and their use in agriculture

d. Describe in detail occurrence, symptoms, etiology, epidemiology and management of apple scab disease.

e. What is legislative control? Write various acts on pest control legislation adopted in India.

f. Describe the diagnostic symptoms, etiology and management of rhizome rot of ginger or bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops.




g. What are the abiotic and biotic factors responsible for citrus decline? Suggest remedial measures to combat the problem.

2011:

a. What is roguing? Discuss its importance in quality seed production.

b. What is photosensitivity? Discuss its significance in crop production.

c. Write the diagnostic symptoms of potato spindle tuber disease, its mode of transmission and management.

d. What is pheromone trap? Discuss its use in pest management.

e. List out the major insect pests of citrus. Write in detail about citrus psylla with its management.

f. What is plant quarantine? How does it regulate the import and export of plants and seed material?

g. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each Pesticide residue toxicity in fruits and vegetables.

FOOD PRODUCTION AND NUTRITION MANAGEMENT: Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and international food policies. Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of food grains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in

2018: a. What are the different methods of diagnosis of mineral

nutrient deficiency? Describe the role and deficiency symptoms of zinc in rice and sulphur in oilseed crops.

b. Give a brief account of food security in India before and after the green revolution. Suggest sustainable solutions to strengthen food security in the country.

c. Describe the importance of micro-nutrients in human health. Justify with suitable examples.

d. What do you understand by e-National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)? Discuss the prospects and constraints of e-NAM in the context of Indian farmers.

2017:

a. Describe the criteria of essentiality of nutrients. Classify the essential nutrients for plants. Discuss the role of phosphorus and calcium in crops with special reference to pulses.

b. What are nutrition challenges? Discuss the factors contributing to the under-nutrition at different stages of life cycle.

c. What is protein energy malnutrition? Give micronutrient deficiency in women and children.

d. What is food security? Indicate the major constraints in food procurement and distribution.

2016: a. Explain the mechanism of absorption of salts. Give

potassium, calcium and iron deficiency symptoms in plants. b. Explain formal and informal seed supply systems in India.




context to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency Micro nutrient deficiency: Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivity and food security.

c. Discuss the strength and weakness of public distribution system in the country.

d. What are the special schemes for providing food grains to underprivileged, destitute and malnourished populations?

e. Explain the present status of food and nutrition security in India.

2015:

a. Explain the constraints in procurement and distribution policies in India.

b. Discuss the impact of rapid increase in population on food and agriculture.

c. What do you mean by nutrient deficiency? Explain the micro-nutrient deficiency in context of work capacity of women and children

d. What do you mean by Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)? Who are specially focused group covered under this programmed?

e. What are the reasons of for food grains surplus in India? Write the steps taken by the government to save the food grains.

f. Write notes on each of the following: Food production and consumption trends in India

2014: a. Write notes on the following

TRIPS agreement b. Enumerate objectives of Integrated Child Development

Service Scheme. c. Explain in brief Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS).

What measures have been taken to increase transparency in the functioning of TPDS?

d. Describe India's food security system. Enumerate reasons for disturbance in food demand and supply.

e. What are the key determinants of malnutrition? What major initiatives have been taken to improve nutritional status of Indian population?

2013:

a. Write short notes on the following (max of 200 words each) The protection of plant varieties and Farmer's Rights Act (2001)

b. Discuss the following in 200 words each The strengths and weaknesses of the public distribution system in India

2012:




a. What is protein energy malnutrition (PEM)? Discuss reasons for malnutrition among children.

b. Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each : • Plant biosecurity • Phytosanitary measures

2011:

a. What is food security? Write a note on food grain production and food security.

b. Discuss the present status of cashewnut industry in India with reference to production, productivity, consumption and export. Suggest strategies for its further improvement.


agriculture paper 2 topic wise upsc questions - ias junior · upsc agriculture paper 2 topicwise...

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