AGRO FORESTRY & SOCIAL FORESTY

By Dr Muhammad Akmal RahimMuhammad Ajmal Rahim Dr. Seemal Vehra Ejaz

Agroforestry

Enriching our lives

with trees that work

Agroforestry is science is

based on forestry,

agriculture, animal

husbandry, aquaculture, and

fisheries, Land resources

Management and other

disciplines which all form the

systematic back ground of

Land use

..the intentional combining of agriculture and working trees to create sustainable farming and ranching systems.

If you are interested in:WhyAgroforestry?

AgricultureForestry

Here, do this! Use agriculture!

Here, do this!Use forestry!

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Agroforestry on the farm or ranch

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INTRODUCTION

Woody land with Agriculture

Multicroping System Inter disciplinary

approach

Feedback between Man and Environment

Sustain Management Tool to serve Man

Definition Agroforestry is a land use system that

involves socially and ecologically acceptable integration of trees with agricultural crops and/or animals, simultaneously or sequentially, so as to get increased total productivity of plant and animal in a sustainable manner from a unit of farmland, especially under conditions of low levels of technological inputs and marginal lands.

Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system which increases the over-all yield of the land, combines the production of crops (including tree crops) and forest plants and/or animals simultaneously or sequentially, on the same unit of land, and applies management practices that are compatible with the cultural practices of the local population.

Aims of Agroforestry

Maximize use of radiant energy

Minimize losses of plants nutrients

Water use efficiency

Minimize run-off and soil loss

Multiple mixed or zonal cropping

Animal production

Recycling of resources

Sustain soil fertility

Soil conservation

Pest & disease control

Socio economic needs of local people

Cultural practices

Component of Agroforestry System

Land

Environment

Agricultural component

Forestry component

Management strategy

Characteristic of Agroforestry Tree Species

Non-interference with main crop

Easy establishment and fast growth

Ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen

No toxic effects on soil and crop

Multiple use and high yield potential

Self-pruning properties and tolerance to heavy pruning

Efficient nutrient pumping

Deep root system and easily decomposable litter with favorableeffects on soil

Small crown relative to bole diameter

Light branching habit

Shade tolerant

Aims of Agroforestry

Maximize use of radiant energy

Minimize losses of plants nutrients

Water use efficiency

Minimize run-off and soil loss

Multiple mixed or zonal cropping

Animal production

Recycling of resources

Sustain soil fertility

Soil conservation

Pest & disease control

Socio economic needs of local people

Cultural practices

Agroforestry System

Agrisilviculture (crops + trees)

Silvipastoral (trees + pastures + animals)

Agri-horticulture (crops + fruit trees)

Horti-silvi-pastoral (fruit trees + trees + pasture + animal)

Agri-horti-Silviculture (crops + fruit trees + multi purpose trees)

Agri-silvi-pastoral (crops + trees + pasture + animals)

Homestead agroforestry (multiple combinations of various components)

Agri-pisci-silvicultre (crops + fish + trees)

Silvi-apiculture (trees + honey bees)

Pisci-Silviculture (fish + trees)

Agrisilviculture: the conscious anddeliberate use of land for the concurrentproduction of agricultural crops (includingtree crops) and forest crops. This isperhaps the most common form ofagroforestry.

Silvopastroral: the land managementsystems in which forests are managed forthe production of wood as well as for therearing of domesticated animals.

Agrosilvopastoral: in which land ismanaged for the concurrent production ofagricultural and forest crops and for therearing of domesticated animals. Thissystem is, in effect, a combination ofagrisilviculture and the silvopastoralsystem.

Multipurpose forest tree productionsystems: here forest tree species areregenerated and managed for their abilityto produce not only wood, but leaves and/or fruit are suitale for food and/or fodder.

Common combinations of the Agroforestry system in Pakistan

Tree Species Agricultural crops grown with trees

Poplars Wheat/maize/turmeric/sugar cane/vegetables/fodder

Eucalypts Wheat/sun flower/tomatos/potatoes/chillies

Simal Maize/sun flower /vegetables/fodder

Shisham Turmeric/wheat/maize/vegetable

Agrisilviculture

1.Shifting cultivation

2.Taungya System

3.Multipurpose treesand shrubs on farmlands

4.Trees with plantationcrops

5.Shelter belts

6.Wind breaks

Taungya (taung = hill, ya = cultivation)

Advantages Disadvantages

Cheap artificial regeneration of the forest Loss of soil fertility and exposure of soil

To solve problems of unemployment Legal problems created

Helps towards maximum utilization of the site Susceptibility of land to accelerated erosion increase

Low cost method of forest plantation establishment It is a form of exploitation of human labor

In every case highly remunerative to the forest departments

Danger of epidemics

Provision of food crops from forest land

Weed, climber growth, etc is eliminated

Wind breaks

To control the ravages of wind

To improve environmental conditions

To improve output from arable andgrazing lands

To provide shelter to houses and otherconstructions

To control wind erosion and shifting sanddunes

To improve aesthetic value and generaterecreational area

To obtain firewood, fodder and timber

To counteract the salt Laiden winds alongthe coast

To provide shelter for wildlife

Agroforestry

Ecological Aspect

Economic Aspect

Social Aspect

Institutional Aspect

Ecological Aspect

Efficient recycling of nutrients

Defence against precipitation

Litter and humus layers

Symbiotic economic and ecologicalinteractions

Improve soil structure and fertility

Windbreakers

Increase carrying capacity for livestock

Soil conservation

Reduce salinity and water logging

Pest and disease control

Economic Aspect

Solve the food crises

Energy crises

Additional Income

Increase in productivity

Employment

Creates capital stocks availableto meet intermittent costs ofunforeseen contingencies

Reduce cost of fuel, forage andbuilding materials due togrowing of trees on farms

Social Aspect

Wood and Fire wood

Clean water

Environment amelioration

Minor forest produce

Recreation and culturalaspects

Institutional Aspects

Awareness

Training

Promotion policies

Knowledge

Tenure

Local use andknowledge

Trained labor

Nutrition

Constraint

Being a new subject, agroforestry

requires detailed scientific study

but because of its complexity, it

requires combined efforts of

agriculturists, foresters, livestock

specialist, ecologists, sociologists,

economists, policymakers,

community leaders and extension

workers