Agroecological monitoring of BARLEY Agroecological monitoring of BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC VIRUS in agricultural STRIPE MOSAIC VIRUS in agricultural

cenoses of enterprise cenoses of enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic “Velykosnitinske agronomic

educational-research station of O. V. educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenko”Muzichenko”

Author:Author: Olexandr Ladichuk Olexandr Ladichuk

Supervisors:Supervisors:

Prof. Dr. Agricultural Sci. V.М. ChaikaProf. Dr. Agricultural Sci. V.М. Chaika

PhD. in Agriculture, PhD. in Agriculture,

Associate Prof. І.О. AntipovAssociate Prof. І.О. Antipov

CABINET MINISTRY OF UKRAINECABINET MINISTRY OF UKRAINENATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF

UKRAINEUKRAINE

Aim and goals of master’s thesisAim and goals of master’s thesis

1.1. Inspection of wheat planting to reveal affection by barley stripe mosaic Inspection of wheat planting to reveal affection by barley stripe mosaic virus. virus.

2.2. Diagnostics, identification and relevation of pathways of virus Diagnostics, identification and relevation of pathways of virus distribution in agrarian cenoses.distribution in agrarian cenoses.

ToTo achieve the aim following goals were achieve the aim following goals were determined:determined:

1. To inspect winter-crops of wheat in agricultural cenoses of enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenko” to reveal viral infection;

2. To analyze quantitative dynamics of viral symptoms on inspected site using modern methods of virology;

3. To investigate relationship between agents of viral deceases and their possible hosts e. g. annual, biannual and perennial weeds, pests-vectors and soil;

4. To create recommendation on prevention of crop loss

The main viruses affecting winter-crop wheatThe main viruses affecting winter-crop wheat

Virus International nomenclature

Group (genera)

Nucleic acid

Virus of russian mosaic of winter-crop wheat

WWMV Rhabdoviridae Ол РНК(-)

Virus of mosaic of winter-crop wheat

WWMW Tenuivirus Ол РНК(-)

Virus of yellow dwarfness of barley

BYDV Luteovirus Ол РНК (+)

Virus of stripe mosaic of barley

BSMV Hordevirus Ол РНК (+)

Virus of stripe mosaic of wheat

WSMV Tritimovirus Ол РНК(+)

Experimental sites are situated at the territory of NULE’s enterprise “Velykosnitinske agronomic educational-research station of O. V. Muzichenko”

Breed of winter-crop wheat Myronivska -

65

The lab of phytovirology and biotechnology of National University of

Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

Breed of winter-crop wheat Elegy myronivska

Visual diagnostics of winter-crop wheat Visual diagnostics of winter-crop wheat on investigated sites on investigated sites

BSMV on winter-crop wheat breed Myronivska-65

BSMV on winter-crop wheat breed Elegy Myronivska

Symptoms, revealed on plants of winter-crop wheat, Symptoms, revealed on plants of winter-crop wheat, breed Myronivska-65breed Myronivska-65

№ Symptom Amount %from general amount

1 Yellow-green stripes 12 7,2

2 Mosaic on leaves 15 9

3 Yellow tops 10 6,2

4 Dots on plants 6 3,6

5 Plants without symptoms 123 74

6 Inspected plants, total 166 100

№ Symptom Amount %from general amount

1 Stripe necrosis 9 4,5

2 Light-green stripes 10 5

3 Yellow spots 5 2,5

4 Lightening of veins 17 8,5

5 Dots on leaves 8 4,3

6 Rugosity 9 4,5

7 Plants without symptoms 140 70,7

8 Inspected plants, total 198 100

Symptoms, revealed on plants of winter-crop Symptoms, revealed on plants of winter-crop wheat, wheat,

Breed Elegy MyronivskaBreed Elegy Myronivska

Account of insects — viral vectors

Results of electronic microscopical study of Results of electronic microscopical study of winter-crop wheat winter-crop wheat

Virions of BSMV (breed of winter-

crop wheat Myronivska-65). Bar

100 nm

Diagnostic investigations, method of IEA

№ of sample

Indexes of optical density, wave length 405 nm

Repetitions Mean

1 2 3

1 0,410 0,415 0,426 0,417

2 0,417 0,422 0,435 0,426

3 0,411 0,400 0,415 0,408

4 0,408 0,410 0,422 0,413

5 0,418 0,401 0,413 0,410

6 0,419 0,396 0,405 0,406

7 0,432 0,389 0,422 0,414

8 1,652 1,599 1,634 1,622

9 0,465 0,435 0,422 0,440

10 0,418 0,393 0,457 0,422

ПК 1,963 1,921 1,944 1,942

НК 0,403 0,411 0,415 0,409

Diagnostic investigations, method of IEA

№ of sample

Indexes of optical density, wave length 405 nm

Repetitions Mean

1 2 3

1 0,410 0,415 0,426 0,417

2 0,417 0,422 0,435 0,426

3 0,411 0,400 0,415 0,408

4 0,408 0,410 0,422 0,413

5 0,418 0,401 0,413 0,410

6 0,419 0,396 0,405 0,406

7 0,432 0,389 0,422 0,414

8 1,652 1,599 1,634 1,622

9 0,465 0,435 0,422 0,440

10 0,418 0,393 0,457 0,422

ПК 1,963 1,921 1,944 1,942

НК 0,403 0,411 0,415 0,409

Economical recommendations

Для запобігання розповсюдження вірусів пшениці

озимої та враховуючи фон вірусного навантаження на

досліджуваних ділянках рекомендується:

- використовувати для посадки сорти пшениці озимої,

що мають резистентність до ураження ВШМЯ;

- впроваджувати у виробництво насіннєвий матеріал

пшениці озимої, оздоровлений біотехнологічними

методами;

- проводити комплексну діагностику насіннєвого

матеріалу на вірусоносійство з використанням

діагностичних тест-систем на основі ІФА та

електронної мікроскопії;

- проводити комплекс заходів спрямованих на

знищення наявних бур’янів – резерваторів вірусних

хвороб пшениці озимої;

- проводити комплекс заходів, які спрямовані на

зменшення спливу наявних комах-переносників

вірусних інфекцій пшениці озимої.

Economical recommendations

To prevent distribution of winter-crop wheat viruses,

considering background of viral press on investigated

site, we recommend:

-using seeds of winter-crop wheat breeds, which are

resistant to BSMV affection;

- to introduce seed material of winter-crop wheat, sanated

by biotechnological methods;

- to provide complex diagnostics of seed material in

direction of virus-bearing, using test-systems, based on IEA

and electronic microscopy;

- to provide complex of measures, directed to weed of host

weeds of viral deceases of winter-crop wheat;

- to provide complex of measures, minimizing impact of

insects-vectors of viral diseases of winter-crop wheat.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Visual diagnostics of winter-crop wheat, breeds Myronivska-65 and Elegy Myronivska has been performed, to reveal affection by the most common viruses of winter-crop wheat. As a result of inspection typical symptoms of BSMV were noticed.

2. Host plants of viral infections were registered on investigated sites: wheat grass (Elytrigia repens L ), bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), orache (Сhenopodium album L), sow-thistle (Cirsium arvense L), stagger bush (Acroptilon repens L).

3. Level of reservoir weed presence was shown for winter-crop wheat breed Myronivska - 65-50 spec/m2. The level of weed presence gor breed Elegy Myronivska 48 spec/m2.

4. A special account of insects-vectors of viral infections has been provided . 5 experimental plots were chosen randomly, mean of insects presence was calculated. At sites of plantation of breed Myronivska-65 the value was 21 insect spec./100 plant spec., at sites of plantation of breed Elegy Myronivska, the value was 23 insect spec./100 plant spec..

5. Diagnostics of winer-crop wheat viruses has been provided using method of electronic microscopy. Virions of BSMV 130*30 nm were found in samples of winter-crop wheat Myronivska-65.

6. IEA method revealed presence of BSMV in field samples of winter-crop wheat Myronivska-6 (1,622). Index of optical density on wave length 405 nm was 1,942.

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