AGROSTEMINAGROSTEMIN

Bioregulator BioBioactuatoractuator

AgrosteminAgrostemin

Natural plant nutrient which influences the Natural plant nutrient which influences the

regulation of growth of cultures in metabolic regulation of growth of cultures in metabolic

processes with allelopathic chemical effect processes with allelopathic chemical effect

in order to increase yield and to improve the in order to increase yield and to improve the

quality of fruit.quality of fruit.

Effect of Effect of AgrosteminAgrostemin

●Activation of biochemical processes whichActivation of biochemical processes which

is a consequence of lack of life factors is a consequence of lack of life factors

●Activation of biochemical processes whichActivation of biochemical processes which

is a consequence of decreased quantityis a consequence of decreased quantity

volume of substances inside the plantvolume of substances inside the plant

Structure of Structure of AgrosteminAgrostemin

ActiveActive complex: complex: a) amino acids.a) amino acids.

b) organic acidsb) organic acids and andc) c) derivatives of organic acidsderivatives of organic acids

Inhibitor complexInhibitor complex a) derivatives ABA (apcisine acids).a) derivatives ABA (apcisine acids).

b) saturated aliphatic carbon hydrogen and b) saturated aliphatic carbon hydrogen and c) cyclic inhibitor (C c) cyclic inhibitor (C88HH2929NN33OO77))

O r i g i nO r i g i n

Natural row materialNatural row material

Domestic biotechnologyDomestic biotechnology

Domestic row materialDomestic row material

BioregulatingBioregulating effecteffect

AgrosteminAgrostemin encourages encourages plantplant to optimize its to optimize its ownown life processes:life processes:

a)a)

growth. growth.

b) development. b) development.

c) breedingc) breeding

BiostimulatingBiostimulating effecteffect

AgrosteminAgrostemin encourages plant to optimize its encourages plant to optimize its metabolic processes and to increase the metabolic processes and to increase the following:following:

a)a) qualitative characteristics of culturesqualitative characteristics of cultures

b)b) quantitative characteristics of culturesquantitative characteristics of cultures..

Use ofUse of AgrosteminAgrostemin

HusbandryHusbandry

Truck farmingTruck farming

Fruit growingFruit growing

ViticultureViticulture

HorticultureHorticulture

MeadowsMeadows

ApplicationApplication

Three applications (in fruit growing):Three applications (in fruit growing):

1)1) before blossom 300-350 g/ha.before blossom 300-350 g/ha.

2)2) during blossom 300 g/ha.during blossom 300 g/ha.

3)3) after blossom 350 g/haafter blossom 350 g/ha

T h i s i s t h e m o s t c o m m o n w a y ! ! ! T h i s i s t h e m o s t c o m m o n w a y ! ! !

ApplicationApplication

FiveFive applications (in fruit growing): applications (in fruit growing):

1)1) before blossom – 350 g/ha.before blossom – 350 g/ha.2)2) during blossom – 300 g/ha.during blossom – 300 g/ha.3)3) after blossom – 350 g/ha.after blossom – 350 g/ha.4)4) fruit in ripen pheno phase – 300 g/ha.fruit in ripen pheno phase – 300 g/ha.5)5) fruit ripening – 300 g/hafruit ripening – 300 g/ha

This is how the champions of the fruitThis is how the champions of the fruitrowing industry do!rowing industry do!

The outcome of the useThe outcome of the use

Increase of yield up to 20 %Increase of yield up to 20 %and continuity of yieldand continuity of yield

High quality of consumer fruitsHigh quality of consumer fruits

Solid and uniformedSolid and uniformed development of habitusdevelopment of habitus

AgrosteminAgrostemin – W H Y ? ? ? – W H Y ? ? ?

How did we become aware of the need for How did we become aware of the need for biostimulator and bioregulator?biostimulator and bioregulator?

How did we become aware of the time forHow did we become aware of the time for use of biostimulator and bioregulator?use of biostimulator and bioregulator?

The solution to the problem is The solution to the problem is inin POPOLLLENLEN

The significance of pollen – pollination of plantsThe significance of pollen – pollination of plants

The pollen seeds are created before opening of budsThe pollen seeds are created before opening of buds

The creation of pollen can be influenced by the following:The creation of pollen can be influenced by the following:

internal andinternal and

external factorsexternal factors

The formation of pollen seedsThe formation of pollen seeds

Internal factors depend on the plant’s Internal factors depend on the plant’s genetics which determines the following:genetics which determines the following:

the size andthe size and

the quantity of pollen seedsthe quantity of pollen seeds

External factors:External factors:insufficient soil moisture.insufficient soil moisture.exaggerated relative air humidity.exaggerated relative air humidity.lower temperatures by night.lower temperatures by night.

Pollen = Flower powdery substancePollen = Flower powdery substance

The structure of pollen:The structure of pollen:

Membrane of pollen seedMembrane of pollen seed

a)a) EGZINAEGZINA – external membrane composed of cellulose – external membrane composed of cellulose or cutinesed by contents of colored substancesor cutinesed by contents of colored substances

b)b) INTINAINTINA – internal membrane. very thin and in two– internal membrane. very thin and in two layers. composed of cellulose or of pectic substanceslayers. composed of cellulose or of pectic substances

with sporopollenin (high molecule terpen)with sporopollenin (high molecule terpen)

Chemical composition of pollenChemical composition of pollen

Plant Plant speciesspecies WaterWater ProteinsProteins FatsFats StarchStarch Regular Regular

sugarsugarIrregular Irregular

sugarsugar AshesAshes

AlmondAlmond g/100g/100gg of pollenof pollen 9.89.8 28.728.7 3.23.2 0.70.7 24.424.4 3.13.1 2.62.6

PeachPeach g/100g/100g of polleng of pollen 8.58.5 26.526.5 2.72.7 1.61.6 21.821.8 9.09.0 2.82.8

OliveOlive g/100g/100g of polleng of pollen 10.110.1 16.716.7 4.74.7 1.11.1 28.328.3 5.85.8 1.91.9

CloverClover g/100g/100g of polleng of pollen 11.611.6 23.723.7 3.43.4 1.31.3 21.421.4 4.24.2 3.13.1

FoxgloveFoxglove g/100g/100g of polleng of pollen 13.313.3 20.420.4 2.42.4 0.40.4 25.525.5 3.43.4 3.13.1

Transfer of pollenTransfer of pollen

Pollen is transferred by:Pollen is transferred by: insects. insects.

air flow. ...air flow. ...

... from STAMEN to PISTIL STIGMA... from STAMEN to PISTIL STIGMA

Germination of pollenGermination of pollen

Germination of pollen occurs when Germination of pollen occurs when INTINAINTINA (internal (internal

membrane) grows through pores of membrane) grows through pores of EGZINE EGZINE

(external membrane) creating -(external membrane) creating -THE POLLEN TUBE THE POLLEN TUBE

which goes down to the seed embryo and embryo which goes down to the seed embryo and embryo

sacsac where the swollen pollen seed settles down due where the swollen pollen seed settles down due

to the absorption of liquid from pistil stigma!!!to the absorption of liquid from pistil stigma!!!

Germination of pollen IIGermination of pollen II

Several pollen seeds arrive to pistil stigmaSeveral pollen seeds arrive to pistil stigma

Germination of pollen is effected by the followingGermination of pollen is effected by the following factors:factors:

a)a) biotic biotic andand

b)b) abioticabiotic

For example: For example: It is due to extremelyIt is due to extremely high temperatures high temperatures and and low relative air humidity.low relative air humidity. or. on the other side. or. on the other side. low temperatureslow temperatures andand high air humidityhigh air humidity

thatthat pollen quickly loses its germination ability and seeds become pollen quickly loses its germination ability and seeds become

stickysticky and die; even scientific farming methods. such as and die; even scientific farming methods. such as pruningpruning and many and many other similar situations can jeopardize normal plant functionsother similar situations can jeopardize normal plant functions

this is why it is necessary to usethis is why it is necessary to use AGROSTEMINAGROSTEMIN

Fertilization andFertilization and AGROSTEMINAGROSTEMIN

Improvement of germination and fertilityImprovement of germination and fertilityof pollen by complex of amino acids which:of pollen by complex of amino acids which:

a) have an a) have an inhibitoryinhibitory effect on recessive alleles. effect on recessive alleles.

b) have a b) have a cumulativecumulative effect on loci with effect on loci with dominant aleli and dominant aleli and

c) have an c) have an epistaticepistatic effect on mutual relations effect on mutual relations of dominant genes.of dominant genes.

AGROSTEMINAGROSTEMIN

Now you know why it is necessaryNow you know why it is necessary

to use initiallyto use initially AgrosteminAgrostemin before blossom before blossom

and how and why to use it further duringand how and why to use it further during

vegetation of yourvegetation of your plants!plants!

M.Sc. EngineerM.Sc. Engineer

Saša AVRAMOVICSaša AVRAMOVIC