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THE GENERAL PAGE

;he AVA~ON I L ~@ENEW La losing venture published bi-monthly, pretty

close to the first day of January, March, May, July,September and Nov ember.

The General is edited and published by TheAvalon Hill Company almost solely for the cul-tural edificat ion of adult gaming. (It also helps tosell Avalon Hill products, tool)

Articles from subscribers are considered forpublication on a gratis contributory basis. Sucharticles must be typewritten and not exceed 700words. Examples and diagrams that accompanysuch articles must be drawn in black ink, readyfor reproduction. N o notice can be given regar-ding acceptance of articles for publicat ion.

All back issues, except Vol. 1, Nos. 4 whichare out of s tock, are available at 1.00 per issue.Full-year subscriptions 4.98.o 1968 The Avalon Hill Company, Baltimore,

Maryland. printed in U.S.A.

COVER STORYCubist GenerationThe ra th er incongruous cover pix,

R o j e r d e L a F r e s n a y e ' s T h e C o n qu e sto f the Ai r , (w i th embel l i shme n t ) s e rv esto in t roduce the fo l lowing ed i to r i a l ona de l i ca t e sub jec t mat t e r . Due to recen tmi l i t an t ( to pu t i t mi ld ly ) even t s tha th a ve o c c u r r e d a c r o s s o u r n a t io n , i n -deed the whole world , we have be enthe rec ip ien t s o f a s t ead i ly increas i ngf low of an t i -war l e t t e rs . Typ ica l a r ethe fo l lowing comme nts f ro m var iouseduca to rs , peacen iks , and peop le whoa r e s i n c e r e l y co n c e rn e d r e g a r d i n gm a n ' s , p r o p e n s i t y t o w a r d a g g r e s s io n :

Have you (Avalon Hill) thought youmigh t be do ing a d i s serv ice to theyouth of th i s cou ntry wi th your news e r i e s - t h e w a r g a m e ? I s n ' t i t p o s s i -b l e t h a t t h i s c o u n tr y i s f a r t oo m i l i t a-r i s t i c a l re ady wi thou t t each ing th i s d i s -t as t e fu l sub jec t i n schoo l .

T e a c h e r s I h a v e t a l k e d t o a r eshocked a t your new concep t in des ig n- t he war game, becau se none of th emc o n s id e r w a r a s a g a m e - b u t r a t h e ra s h a m e .

You may b e wel l i n t en tioned ed i to rsb u t y o u r g a m e s a r e u na c c ep t a b le t odecen t peop le everywh ere . "

What doe s al l th is have to do withCubis t Generat ion. you now ask .

S imply th i s . We th ink these ide a l i s t s ,f o r a l l t h e i r g oo d i n te n t io n s a r e s q u a r e s .And the i r i dea l i s t i c ph i losoph ies a r ea s u n r e a l i s t ic a s t h e cu b is t5 a p p r oa c hto l i fe . To p rove th i s l a t t e r po in t, wea n s w e r e d e a c h a n d e v e r y o n e of t h e s ec o r r e s p o n d e n t s w it h w o r d s v e r y s i m i -

' l a r t o t h o s e of a f o r m e r M a r i n e , D i m e-t r i o s J Govos tes . P e r h a p s m a n y

(cont inued on page 3

The Avalon Hill Philosophy Part1Around 300 war gam ers wer e invo lved

in the p lay-tes t ing of 1914 conducted byr e s e a r c h d i r e c t o r , J a m e s F Dunnigan.On t h e C o n s u m er T e s t P a n e l R e l e a s eF o r m s r e t u r n e d b y e a c h p l a y - t e stl e a d e r , t h e m a j o r q u e s t i o n a s k e d w a s :

Name the th re e Avalon Hil l game s youp l ay t h e m o s t a nd w h y ? T h i s a r t i c l ei ll b e b a s e d on t h e a n s w e r s g i ve n t o

th i s ques t ion .Bat t le of the Bulge wa s fa r out in

f ron t , be ing l i s t ed by over 6 of al lp l a y - t e s t l e a d e r s . S t a l in g r a d w a ssecond with 40%. Bl i tzkrieg, Afrik aKorps , and Guadalcana l ra n a t i gh t ra cewith about 3070 each. Other gam es l is t -ed were Ju t l and (23 ), Waterloo (23%).D-Day (2170). Midway (19%). and Ge ttys-b u r g (8%). I t i s i n t e res t ing th a t no t one

on-war game was among the t en mos t -

Reasons fo r p l ay ing Bl i t zk r i eg mooften:

David Bal l : Because th is game cabe played with many variat ions . "

P e r r y Ba l l: I n cl u de s a l m o s t at ac t i ca l s i tua t ions .

Mark Kaplan: Bl i t zk r i eg i s an enjoyable game b ecause i t a l lows one develop ski l l in managing vario u-bran ches of a na t ion ' s mi l i t a ry fo rce s .

Alber t Boone: P lay ba lance .Ed i Bi rsan : Has the mos t var i a

b l e s .Reaso ns fo r p l ay ing var ious o th

gam es mo s t o f ten :Kenneth Hoffman on Afrika Korp

There i s no per fec t p lan . I t ' s a fasmoving game. Fasc ina t ing rea l - l icampaign. Unusual te rr ai n . Mobi li ts u r p r i s e . "

p layed games . I t i s a l s o o f in t e r es t t o Gordon Sore nsen on Afr ika Korpno te tha t t he l i s t of games mos t -p layed Simples t game top l ayan d l earn , t herp re t ty wel l para l l e l s one of favor i t e fo r e exce ll en t fo r t each ing nov icesgam es a s de te rmined by p rev ious su r - Edward Weeks on Midway: Offev e y s of t h i s n a t u r e , a l th o u gh t h e r e a r e a ch a ng e f r o m l a n d b a t t l e s a n d l e t s asome d i f fe rences . power play a role. "

S o , w h at a r e t h e r e a s o n s f o r w a r - J e r r v P o w e ll o n M id wa v: I t i s f a sgam ers play ing cer t a in gam es m or e mov ing , exc i t ing , and p rov ides mathan o th ers ? The obv ious one of cour se , oppor tun i t i es fo r b luf f ing . Ii s t h a t t h e y e n jo y c e r t a i n g a m e s m o r et h a n o t h e r s , b u t t h e r e a r e o t h e r r e a s o n s ,a s evidenced by som e of the fol lowingrep l i es :

Reas ons fo r p l ay ing Bu lge mos t o f t en :Ma rk Kaplan: Bulge i s a gam e which

of fe rs rea l i sm , p l ayab i l it y , and the in -t r i c ac i es of t e r ra in .

John Jeffe ries : Popular choice ofmy opponents . IG a r y B e d r o s i a n : I can f ind a face -

to-face opponent eas i ly .La r r y Ding le: Because everyone

owns i t .David Wil l iams: I t 's populari ty wi th

o the r peop le o f t en fo rce s m e to p lay i tt o f ind an opponent . I ' m no t so c ra zyabo ut Bulge, though.

Lee Henderson: Variabi l i ty , unique-n e s s . B u lg e i s m o r e o r l e s s a t a c ti c aland no t a s t ra t eg ica l g ame. I

Reasons fo r p l ay ing Sta l ing rad mos toften:

Ma rk Kaplan: Al though lacking inrea l i sm , S ta l ing rad con ta ins a h igh de-gr ee of p layabi l i ty , and play always-m o v e s a l o n g a t a s m o o th r a t e . "

Joseph Angiolil lo: The us e of ma th-ema t i cs to win i s eas i ly app l i ed t ac t i c -al ly .

David Jacox: The thought of att ain -ing the goa l s the Germ an Genera l Staf ffa i l ed to a t t a in i s very s t imula ting . I

Rich ard Dal ton : Tha t ' s a l l t he guysa r o u n d h e r e p l ay "

Bruce Su l l ivan : I play variants ofS t a li n g ra d b e c a u s e I a m a n E a s t e r nFron t nu t .

E d i B i r s a n o n idw way: Easy to sup, espe cial ly in school . I

Kenneth Hoffman on Waterloo: c l a s s i c b a t t l e . P u r e s t r a t eg y / t a c t icwith few oth er con sider at ion s , thougth i s i s no t a lways bes t . A welcomchange. Bes t p l ace to t es t wargamintheo r i es . A s imple game, bu t a chalenge to bo th s ides . "

La rr y Ding le on Waterloo : I t i s good mul t ip l e co mmand er game. ''

Tom my Flow ers on D-Day : Presen ts a ve ry di ff icult in i t ial set -upand en t i re s t ra t eg ic defense p rob lem.

La rr y Dingle on D-Day: I l ike s u r e w in a s A l l i e s i n D - Da y 65. I

Pe rr y Bal l on Guadalcana l: Becaui t h a s m y f a t h e r ' s o wn m i l i t a r y u n it i t . (A l i t t le fami ly loyal ty . ) I1

Bruc e Ogden on Get tysburg : I t a n e n j o ya b le b r e a k f r o m t h e o t h- .g a m e s , r e q u i r e s l e s s m i n d w o rk .

Kenneth Hoffman on Bism arcCombines in the bes t manner yet , abso lu te h i s to r i ca l accu racy wi th exce l le

playabi l i ty . Should be a model for aAH games

Sidney Drive r on Jutland: The neconcept of playing without a battle bo aand th e rea l i s t i c r u l es and ac tua l i ndv idual sh ip con t ro l a r e what makes thgame h igh on my l i s t .

In conclusion, i t see ms the th inm o s t i m p o r t a n t t o A H w a r g a m e r s vari ety . Many of the reaso ns givfo r p l ay ing cer t a in games mos t o f twere s imply b r i e f descr ip t ion s of tgam es , t hemselves . Bu t we can s

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P GE THE GENER T h i s i s a d v i s a b le w h en t h e p l a y e r s aof equal abi l i ty o r when the Al l ied pla1914 2nd Edition

Rule Clarifications1914 sold out i ts init ial run in one

month. . . a new rec ord fo r Avalon Hi l l .(Of cour se, we only prin ted 126 cop ies .Unfortu nately, for thos e of you whocomple te ly ignored o ur mes sag e in theMar-Apr i l i s sue th a t we were ob l iga tedto supp ly our ou t l e t s f i r s t befo re p r o -c e s s i n g d i r e c t m a i l o r d e r s , m a n y s u b -s c r i b e r s h ad to w a i t o v e r t o 8 w e e k sf o r t h e i r c o p y w h en o r d e r e d d i r e c t l yf ro m us . Now tha t we a r e in ou r 2ndrun, the following r ule clari f ica t ions ,a r e be ing incorpora te d in to the gam ecompon ents and should be noted by al lw ho a r e c u r r e n t l y p l ay i ng t h e f i r s tedi t ion.

COVER STORYt h ink your ga mes ch i ld i sh and r id i -culous . I don 't , nor do man y of myf r i e n d s i n t h e M a r i n e C o r p s a n d o th e rserv i ces . H igh rank ing o f f i cers havee n jo y ed t h e m f o r t h e i r v e r y p u r e n e s s ;the idea of be ing ab le to use the i r p ro -fes s iona l knowledge ha s a l lowed themt o t a k e t h e s e g a m e s t o h e a r t . .. fee ly o u r g a m e s h a v e o f f e r e d m a n y s e r v i c e -men the d re am of com mand withou t therespons ib i l i t y o f human l ives .

Typ ica l of the rep l i e s to th i s gambi twere :

Your sugges t ion tha t war ga mesa r e a k ind of therapy i s a n i ce po in tb u t i t a s s u m e s a n i n a t e d e s i r e t o k i l lwh ich you c l a im ( fa l se ly ) i s t he na tu reof the bea st . I

Your phi losophy of hu man na turei s on ver y shaky g rounds which can bed i sp roved , a s has been done , by an -thropolog is ts who have found soc iet ies

hilosophyt h at s o m e g a m e s a r e p l ay e d b e c a u s et h e y a r e e x t r e m e l y c o m p le x (B l i tz -k r i e g ) , o t h e r s b e c au s e t he y a r e s i m p l e r( A f ri k a K o r p s ) , a n d s t i l l o t h e r s b e c a u s ethey pro vide a change of pace. Som ew a r g a m e r s p la y a g a m e b e c a u s e i t i sb a l an c e d , a n d o t h e r s a c e r t a i n g a m ebecause i t p resen t s a spec ia l cha ll engeto one par t i cu la r s ide (Germ ans inSta l ing rad ) .

We, her e a t Avalon Hill , have mad eever y e f fo r t t o p roduce war games tha tappea l to every type of war ga mer .

CLARIFICATIONSENTRY O F ALLIES INTO BELGIUM

-The Al l i ed may no t c r os s the Belg ianbo rde r un t i l two moves a f t e r the Ger-m a n s e i t h e r d e s t r o y t h e L i e ge f o r t s o rc r os s the Meuse sou th of L iege . Ther e-fo re , if t he Germ ans de s t royed theLiege fo r t s on move two the Al l i escou ld no t en te r Belg ium un t i l movef o u r .

RIVERS ROUGH TERRAIN- Effec ton Movement fo r Riv ers Ef fec t onC o m b a t f o r R i v e r s . R ou gh T e r r a i n a n d /o r Fo re s t s may be l e f t ou t of the In t ro -duc to ry , S tandard and Advanced Games .

ex i s t ing qu i te n i ce ly withou t the nec es -s i ty of war .

No mat ter by what nam e you cal li t , p ro d u c t s s u c h a s y o u r s m u s t h a v ea n i n fl u en c e i n e n g e n de r i ng a n i n c r e a s -ed mil i tant at t i tude with the younggenerat io n of s tudents .

We can, of c ou rs e, dis pute som e ofthe above answers . I F o r i n s t a n c e , i ns e a r c h i n g t h r u h i s t o r y w e ' r e d a r n e dif we can f ind a t im e when ther e wasn ' ta t l eas t one na t ion war ing aga ins tano ther . However , we th ink our r e -b u ta l to a l l t h i s w a s b e s t s a i d r e c e n t l yby Thomas Webs te r. P la inwel l, Mich i-gan, whose l e t t e r was o r ig ina l ly mean ta s a resp onse to Sg t. Donald Squ i re ' sVol. 5 , No. 1 Let ter to the E di t or t1 owit:

All of us a r e l iv ing in an obviouslynuc lear age ; an age in wh ich we canqui te quickly and eas i ly be el iminated.Ther e i s no g lo ry in that . Nei ther i sthere g lo ry in be ing p ar t of any a r myin a world which m ainta ins i t sel f o n acons tan t war t ime ba s i s in a co ld warwhich th rea t ens des t ruc t ion and ha sa l r e a d y d e s t r o y e d p e a c e by i t s m e r ee x i st e n c e. T h e a r m y ' s w o r k i s n e c e s -s a r y , h a r d a n d n o t a t a l l g l o ri o u s.T h e r e i s no r o o m i n o u r c o n t e m p o r a r ywor ld fo r a Hi t l e r , Napo leon , o r C ae-sar . Such a man wou ld des t r oy theworld and himself wi th i t .

Are then a l l such m en dead and gone?No. They a r e playing Avalon Hil l gam es.They a r e a t t empt ing to red i scov er theg lo ry of Impe r i a l Rome, Napo leon 'sFra nce , and the Th i rd Reich , u s ing

e r i s t h e m o r e e x pe r ie n ce d .D E L E T E - T h e f i r s t tw o p a ra g r a p

under 1914 Combat Resu l t s Tab le the f ron t of the Combat Resu l t s Taba r e to be removed . They no longapply. The f i r s t parag raph beg ins wUnits may. .. and end s wi th .. taf a s t . t The second parag rap h begiwith Defending units. . . and ends wi.. ne a t t ack .

The f i r s t ru l e change re f l ec t s c h an g e n e e de d t o c o r r e c t a n i n c o r r e cworded ru le in the f i r s t ed it ion . Tsecond change i s . a s s t a ted , op tionand i s des igned to speed the game fo r those who want i t . The th i rd chanref l ec t s the de le t ion of a marg ina l ruwhich, f ur the r p laytes t ing has showshou ldn ' t have been inc luded in the f i rp l ace . These two changes wi l l appeon the CRT and the In t roduc to ry Gamcard and wi l l soon be ava i lab le f roAvalon Hi ll . O ther typograph ica l e r roa r e a l s o b ei n g c o r r e c t e d .

c o l o r e d c a r d b o a r d c o u n t e r s a nd c o l oful , funct ional ma pbo ards , and not u s in g gu n s a n d t e r r o r . T h ey a r e l e aing horde s of off ic ers of warg amclubs to v i c to r i es resu l t ing in no th imore than honorab le over lo rdsh ip v a r i o u s t e r r i t o r i e s w h ic h a r e j u s t qu ickly lo s t aga in to o ther game wning team s. The l ives of m il l ion s m e n a r e n ot a t s t ak e . I n a w o rl d w h ev ic to r i es a r e few in ever y aspec t l i fe , not jus t on the bat tlef ield , a n Avlon Hi l l Company is n e c e s s a r y . Tf rus t ra t ion which cou ld no t be re l ea sby p lay ing w arg am es (c la iming v ic toto a l l r e a d e r s o f 0 W. ad s and a r t i c lcon tain ing per f ec t p l ays f rom expeence) migh t be re l ease d in the s t reeIf Avalon Hi l l had ex i s t ed 50 y ea rs aSta l in migh t have cha l l enged Hi t l e r a paper ba t t l e fo r Europ e ins t ead of tca rnage tha t was Wor ld War 11

And so the g re a t deba te con tinuIt i s our educa ted bel ief that the opiniof t h e a n ti 's a r e b a s e d o n a n i n c o r rp r e m i s e : t h e y f e e l t h a t a g g r e s s i v e n e

i s a l e a r n e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c , t h u s A va lHil l should be rep roo fed for makiavai lable the tools of th is learning.

We think otherwis e. We bel ieve ta n ' s a g g r e s s i v e n e s s i s n o t a l e a r n

char ac te r i s t i c bu t an inborn one . i l l u s t r a t e , no one ye t has ever beab le to t each a ba l lp l ayer to become

rea t h i t t e r . He had to have the na tuab i l i t y , o r in s t inc t, f rom the s t aL a w y e r s , d o c t o r s , c u b i s t s a r e b o r nnot made.

We r e s t o u r c a s e .

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THE GENER L P GE

Wargamers ClinicM. R. Brundag e, Edi t orwith

M. J . FrankwiczM. Kohn

Clinic Deludged in MailDue to the weal th of l e t t e rs rece ived

on the D-Day s i tuat ion; the cl in ic haddecided t o hold off the a na lys is ofE x e r c i s e # 2 t i l l t h e n ex t i s s u e w h e r e i tc a n d e v o te m o r e s p a c e t o p r e s e n t i n gthe a rgum ent s of bo th s ides and the i rreaso ns fo r the i r po in ts of v i ew. S incet h e r e s e e m s t o b e a c a s e f o r A l li e sGerm ans , depend ing on whose s ide youdeba ted . The Cl in ic , i n tu rn , a t t ha tt ime wi l1 ,af te r a l l t h e ana lys i s , p resen ta summ ation of thei r own. We exp ectt o h a v e a f e w s u r p r i s e s f o r b o th s i d e sa t t ha t t ime .

E x e r c i s e # 3I n t h e m e a n t i m e l e t ' s c u t s o m e t e e t h

o n E x e r c i s e # 3 f r o m A. H. s l a t e s tgame 1914 which i s jus t out .

Th i s s i tua t ion , o r p l an of a t t ackcom es f rom M r. Ray Johnson of LakeZur ich . I l l i no i s. Mr . Johnson i s af r i en d of the ed i to r . He ca l l s i t : P l a n

Otto.Cl inic Note: We wil l f i rs t pre sen t the

se t -ups Germ an and then the Al l ied .The Al l ied se t -u p which was p laceda g a i n s t P l a n O tt o c o m e s f r o m M r .T im Pal me r of Ar l ing ton Heigh t s , I l l i -n o i s. R e m e m b e r . A ll i ed p l a y e r w a su n a w a r e a t s e t - u p t i m e of G e r m a nplans . What we (The Cl ini c) expectf ro m you i s an eva lua t ion of bo th s id es ,of 1) . What you think of Pla n Otto .2 ) . Can Al l i es s top i t . 3 ) . I s Mr .P a l m e r ' s s e t - u p a d e q u at e t o s t o p

Ot to . We 'd a l s o l ike to see yourplans . Defenses , etc . Kindly send the mon a Mobi l i za t ion Char t she e t w ith yourname, ad dre ss , e t c . und er the t i t l e ofthe shee t in the l e f t hand c o rne r . In afu tu re i s su e the Cl in ic wi l l match ou t -s t and ing p lans and defenses fo r you ther e a d e r t o t e s t o u t .

G e r m a n S e t - u pNo. Code Co- ord inate2 0 ' s GG- 132 5 ' s1 305 / 11-152 7 ' s

No.12121

420/7 ' s7 ' s

305/7 ' s0 ' s5 ' s0 ' s7 ' s575

305/7 ' s

305/35 ' s5 ' s7 ' s755 ' sX0 ' s30222254X5 ' sX0 ' sM a r i n e s

Al l i ed Se t -upHoll and A rmyCode

14 ' s24 ' s2

HH- 15HH- 16

HH- 1811-1811-19

HH- 24

HH- 25Metz11-27J J - 2 8KK- 29

MM- 3 1NN- 32S t r a s b u r gNN-33NN- 34NN- 35NN-36NN-37

NN- 3900 39PP 39

Co-ord ina teDD- 8FF 10GG- 11

B e l g ia n A r m yLiege

F r e n c h A r m i e s

NamurDD- 15EE- 14B r u s s e l sGhent

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11-38HH- 37HH- 36HH-35HH- 34HH-33

HH- 3 1HH-30HH-29HH- 28GG-28T oul

EE- 24VerdunDD- 22

W-15Maubeugu - 1 2T - 1 1

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THE GENERPLAN "OTTO"

byRay Johnson*Edi to r ' s Note: Be ing a f r i en d and op-ponent of Mr . Johnson I know hi m tob e a n e x c e l le n t w a r g a m e r . H i s P l a n"Otto" though vir tual ly new and untr iedi s wel l conceived in m y opinion. Weleave i t t o you the read er to dec ide howwel l. P lan "Otto" i s an Advanced Gameve rsi on of 1914. MS(mobi1ization sq ua re )A ( A r m y ) C ( C o r p s ) R ( R e s e r v e )E a s t e r n F r o n t IX , X, XI Ar mi es wi ththe 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 2 1stC o r p s- -3 r d F o r t C o r p s - - 2 , 3 ,4 t hLandwehr Corp s; p lus 1 ,2 -4 -2 1 ,2-2-2. Total 110 points .W e s t e r n F r o n tI A r m y Pr Gds. Corp s 1s t C

Pr Gds. R. Co rps 2nd C1s t R C 402 Mor ta r2nd R C

IA wi l l mob i l i ze nea r MS 6 re -duce L iege , then ope ra te on Axi s Br us -se l s -L i l l e -Amiens wi th ob jec tive toc le ar a l l no r th of Somme, then mov eo n P a r i s .I1 Ar my 3C 5C 3RC 305 Mo rta r

4C 6C 4RCIIA wil l mobi l ize near MS 9 and

move on and reduce Namur , t hen oper -a t e o n A x i s M a u b e u ge - L a F e r e - R h e i m s .I11 Ar m y 7C 9C 6RC

8C 5RC 7RCIIIA will mob ilize MS 19 and in itiall y

opera te SE Nancy , bu t i t i s env i s ionedtha t i t wi l l move by ra i l on 2nd o r 3 rdtu rn depend ing on F ren ch mobi l i za t ionto L iege and be used in reduc ing Bel -g ian Ar my and t ake Antwerp ; then ope r -a t e on l ine Ypres -Bou logne , reduc inga l l Fre nc h St rongho lds no r th of theSomme. I t w i ll t ake ov er I Ar my 402Mort . a f t e r reduc t ion of L i l l e .IV Ar my 10C 12C

11C 8RCIVA wil l mobi l ize opposi te Luxem-

bur g and move th rough Ardennes tow ardsMaubeuge and as s i s t IIA in reducing i t ;t h e o p e r a t e o n A x i s R e t h e l - R h e i m s .V A r m y 1 s t B a v . C o r p s 3 r d B C

2nd Bav. Co rps 1 RBC305 Howitzer

VA wil l mobi l ize no rth of Metz andreduce Longwy, then ope ra te on e i the rVerdun o r Toul .

Belgium When?by 2nd Lt . Carl F Knabe I1

The main advan tage the German hin 1914 i s numbe rs . Yet how to brithem to bear wi th a combat resutable that g ive s so l i t t le advantages u p e r i o r n u m b e r s ? T he a n s w e r i s sugeste d by actu al h is tory . If you ha10 s t eps and your opponen t has 8, ya n d h e a r e n e a r l y e q u a l i n s t re n gBut if you exchange 7 s t ep s evenly whim, then you out numb er hi m 3 toATTRITION

When should the Ge rm an invade Beg ium ? Around the th i rd tu rn . Thg ives the German va luab le advan tagea min imum of cos t . In o r de r to ach iethis the Ger ma n is g iving up a l i tt ime and a l lowing the Fren ch to moonto the i r bo rder squ are s wi th Beg ium a s opposed to hav ing to s t a r t o.That's Lt . Carl F. Kna be getting back squa re removed . On the o the r haninto his T-38: he just remem bered to move The Germa n shou ld a r range hthe German 14th Corps in a 1914 gamehe's s ta rt in g uni ts wi th about 314 south got set up under the cockpit. Belg ium and 114 ab re s t of i t ( l a tm o r e f o r c e s m a y b e t r a n s f e r r e d n o ra s they a r e needed a f t e r the Belg iuinvasion begins to ro l l ) wi th four of tVI A r m y 9 RC l l R C ten German ca va l ry un i t s w i th the BelORC 12RC gium fo rce and four mo re with the A

1 F o r t C o r p s ( M e t z )VIA wil l mobi l ize v icini ty Metz and

op era te agai nst Toul and Nancy. I t wi l lre l i ev e II IA when i t depar t s . Miss ionessen t i a l ly defens ive .VII Ar m y 13RC 15RC

14RC l6RC1 L a n d we h r C o r p s

VIIA will mo bil ize vicin ity of MS 22and opera te defens ive ly o r o f fens ive lytowar d Epinal . I t wi l l help rel ieve IIIA.V III A r m y 4 - ( 2 ' s ) 4 - ( 1 ' s ) p l us 2 ndFo r t Corps (S t rasburg ) . Wi ll defendnor th of Swiss bo rd er th rea ten Bel -f o r t .

Will defend nor th of Swiss bo rd erth rea ten Bel fo r t .1 Cav. Ar my 1 Cav. C 3 Cav. C

2 Cav. C 4 Cav. CIt wi l l mobi l ize ne ar MS 12 and o pe r-

a t e th rough Ardennes , s c r een ing f l ankof IVA and a t t empt to b re ak ou t nearMaubeuge to French rear .Myron Brundage2437 W. Sun nisid eChicago, I l l inois 60625

d e n n e s f o r c e , w h e r e c a v a l r y a r e v euseful.

The Germ ans in the sou th shou ld ut he f i r s t t h r e e t u r n s to c o n d u ct a n at ack a long a s much o f the Fre nc h l ia s po ss ible wi th the idea in mind achieving an equal exchange with tF r e n c h p l a y er . R e m e m b e r , a t t r i ti of a v o r s t he G e r m a n p l a y e r T h i s at ack wi l l fo rc e the Fr enc h to t i e dowthe i r r es er ve s defend ing the i r sou thel ine and he lp ach ieve a m or e favorabba lance of fo rces . Th i s a t t ack shoube a l l -ou t and v ic ious.

In the nort h the G erm an use s ttwo tu rn s ( i t wil l take a t lea s t th is lonto m a s s along the bor de rs of Belgiuand Luxemburg . Espec ia l ly be ing suto p lace fou r cava l ry un i t s on sq uaFF14 . These un i t s can then fan obeh ind L iege in o r de r to ga in a s muground as poss ib le on the f i r s t t u rn the invasion.

This tact ic of la te ( tu rn 3) invasiens u re s the German of a s much benea s p o s s ib l e f r o m h i s B e lg i um a t taand dela ys entra nce of the Br i t ish Exp e d i ti o n ar y F o r c e f o r a s l on g a s p osible. Com men ts anyone

2nd L t . C ar l F Knabe I1FV3189348, 3561st SturonCMR Box 4545Webb AFB, Texas 79720

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THE GENER L P GE

New ImageTHE B O O M IN WAR GAMES for WargamingProfie of a Wargaming lubLately, the greatest expansion to the w ar-game cult has been in the area of Clubs.Club growth can best be typified in the pro-file o f Boldlands. Here is the Boldlands (n eeRed Lions) story as told by their DefenseMinister Bill Stone.

B old land wa s f o r m e d a s R e d L ionson August 1, 1966. Since that t im e ith a s r i s e n to be one of the la r ge s t andmos t powerful c lubs in exis tence . Thec lub ' s or ig ina l pol icy , as out l ined bymyse lf and S teve Mar in , was to des t roythe menace t ha t hung over the warg am-ing wor ld a t the t ime of RL 1s founding

A g g r e s s o r .S ince tha t t ime , the c lub ha s grow n

immens e ly and a new objec t ive was in-se r t ed in our phi losophy in the su mm erof 1967 the union of al l wa rg am er sinto a neutr a l body for the advanc ementof wargami ng. With th is in mind, theDe pa r tm e n t of De f e nse ha s be e n ve r yse lec t ive concerni ng the c lu bs tha t wef ight . Th i s i s ne c e s sa r y so tha t wewil l have no maj or e nemi es when we gone u t r a l .

Howeve r, ou r t a sk i s be c om ing in -c reas ing ly di f f icul t . Now tha t Aggres-s o r h a s b e e n d et h r o ne d f r o m i t s s e a t a tthe top of the heap, mo re and mo rec lubs a r e beginning to conside r Boldlandthe meance to wargami ng tha t Agg res-so r onc e wa s .

Al though the ' in te rna t iona l ' s i tua -t ion has taken a turn for the worse , theinte rna l s i tua t ion i s good and cont inuesto grow even be t te r .

Until we go neu tral , Boldland i sheaded by the Defense Min is te r . Underhim is the Gen era l S ta ff and the var io usServices : Army. Navy, Air For ce , Re-se r ve s , M a r ine s , a nd Gua r ds . Thef i r s t t h r e e a r e o u r m a i n b a t t l e f o r c e s .The f ou r th i s a t r a in ing g r oup f o r r e l a -t i ve ly inexpe r ie nc e d wa r ga m e r s be f o rethey a r e c om m iss ione d a nd p l a c ed in ar e gu la r s e r v i c e . The M a r ine s a r e ou rbe s t p l a ye r s who t a ke on the . t oughes topponents. The Gua r ds a r e u sed to a idour all ies who need help and to take onother tasks .

We are geographically divided intoRegions and sub-divided in to Dis t r ic t s .O u r 85 -p lu s m e m b e r s a r e s c a t t e r e df r om England to Hawai i, f r om Canada

to the Gulf Coa st. Although we ar emost ly made up of h igh schoo l s tudents ,we include som e junior high stude nts,a fa i r chunk of col lege s tudents , and ahandful of adults, including an attorn ey,t e a c he r s , a US AF a i r m a n , a n a c c oun t -ant , a ca reer Navy Maste r Chie f , andothers . Also , we a re g lad to have aUnited S ta tes Mil i ta ry Academy cade t .

Boldland p r in t s The Cou r ie r , ou ro f f ic i a l ne ws m a ga zine wh ic h c a r r i e swargaming news and a r t ic les on play-ing, and a Diplomacy magazine.

We have a num ber of Diplo macy andConfronta t ion play ers who sponso r thosegame s, and we have a la r ge number ofga m e inve n to r s whose wor k i s r ev ie we da nd so m e t im e s p r oduc e d , su c ha s B r uc eKindi g's gam e The Guns of August. Wese l l p r o f e s s iona l ly p r in t e d he x she e t sa t a l ow c os t , c he a p m im e ogr a phe dshee ts , uni t counte rs , and bookle ts onst ra tegy for individua l games.

B e s ide s in t e r - c lub c a m pa igns , t he r ear e a number of c lub tournam ents spon-sore d by DoD and Servic e GHQs. Mem-be rs who want s t i l l mor e opponents canr e ly on ou r m a tc hing se r v ic e to f indthem someone to play.

The ra nk ing sys t e m a dva nc e s e a c hm e m b e r a c c o r d ing to h i s a c t iv i t i e s a ndso for th . I t i s poss ible to advance inr a n k v e r y r a p i d ly , a n d t h e r e a r e s t i l lsom e c om m a nd pos t s ope n f o r ha r dw o r k e r s .

Readers genuinely interested in more com-plete details regarding the operation of awargame club should contact Bill at Box 547,Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401.

by: Le e Matthews

I 'm su re many of you have discoe r e d tha t wa rga m ing c a r r i e s a ba d c onotation for most of the uninitia tpublic . Recent ly , a f r iend and I c r e a ta game , based on Avalon Hi l l concepin which we fought a wa r between twf i c t iona l c ou n t r i e s i n m uc h the sa msca le a s i t wa s fought in the 1800We had elim ina ted the use of card boapieces and used, ins tead, grease-penc i l s on a p las t ic cover ing; making thga m e v e r y po r t ab le .

Be ing extr emel y enthused we playth i s ga m e be twe en c l a s se s a nd du r ilunch, e tc . , and judging by the rem arm a de by pas s ing s tude nt s i t i s a c c e pable to p lay these games only in lockpadded cell s. They accu sed us of bei

wa r m onge r s , f a na t ic s , o r F ac i s t s ; o n e e d u ca t o r w en t a s f a r a s s aing tha t i t was because of people sua s we tha t the wor ld wa s in the s t a t e i s today; tha t we were the des t roy eof civilization. I

Something i s definit$ly wrong whone cannot play a game of stra tegy atac t ics wi thout be ing branded in suchm a nne r . We, a s s e r ious p l a ye r s war ga mes, should do something in tpubl ic re la t ion s f ie ld to change thpubl ic out look. There a r e a number way of doing this.The f i r s t , m os t e a sy wa y, i s t o ga w r i teup in your loca l newspapeTh i s ha s be en suc c e ss f u l , a s r e s ide nof the San Diego a r ea can a t t es t (Eveing Tr ibune , Ma rch 30 '68, p. A9). Tpa p e r s a r e u sua lly qu i te i n t e r e s t e d a hobby su ch a s th is ; i t mak es a goar t i c le for the youth, hobby, o r famisection.

The second way of getting wargam inaccepted1 ' s by us ing the fasc i l i t i

of your local te levis ion station. Thwil l undoubtedly do a sh or t f i lm c lf o r t he i r ne ws de pa r tm e n t on a n I n t enation al Tournament . The televisi os ide of the propoganda mu st be undetaken by the la rg er c lubs who have thcapabi l i t ie s of organiza t ion, such a s thPac if ic Nor thwest Gam es As soc ia tioto name just one.

If one s e r io us war gam er out of tecould make the publ ic aw are of thhobby we would be that m uch clo ser ra is ing the leve l of wargaming to thof chess. With a l i t t le luck, i t coubecome a na t ional pas t im e

Le e Mat thews1267 Olivet St.La Jol la , Ca li f . 92037

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P GE 7 THE GENER

On Strategic Defense Part IISoviet Strategic

Weapons SystemsT he S o v i et A r m e d F o r c e s h a v e d e -

ve loped a d ivers i f i ed s t r a t eg i c weaponsd e l i v e r y s y s t e m , b u t i t i s b a se d o nICBMS, al though these a r e not ident icalto th e A m e r i c a n v e h i c l e s . C u r r e n tser i es o f ICBM's employ MIRV, andc a n s t r i k e a t s e v e ra l t a r g e t s p e r m i s -s i l e . They a l so employ a new gu idancesys tem tha t a l lows de l ivery o f weaponsaccura te ly enough to des t roy a minu te-ma n underg round in i t s s i lo . Th i sICBM system s supplemented by thes c r a g s p a c e m i s s i l e s y s t e m . T hesc ra g m ay be employed in two ways.F i r s t , i t c a n b e l a u n ch e d i n to o r b i t ,and ca l l ed down on any o rb i t . Th i swou ld put a lo t o f p r es su re on poss ib let a rge t s under i t s o rb i t , and p rov idel i t t le if any warn ing t ime on the o rb i tof at tack. Second, the scr ag can beu s e d o n i t s f i r s t o r b i t , a s a f r a c t i o n a l -o rb i t a l ba l l i s t i c de l ivery sys t em. Th i swould cu t warning t ime to the pointw h e r e c o m m a n d r e a c t i o n i s i m p o s si b l e ,because i t wou ld t ake sev era l minu testo de tec t the a t t ack and re l ay the me s -sage. Combined with the new guidances y s t e m , t he s c r a g w o ul d p e r m i t a f i r s ts t r ike to des t r oy the minu teman fo rce .

The Sov ie t s a l so employ ex tens ive lyh e av y a nd m e d i u m b o m b e r s a n d i t i sbel ieved t hat these have a highly de-ve loped s t and-o f f mis s i l e capac i ty .S o v ie t s t r a t e g y h a s l o n g c a l l e d f o r t h e s ea i r c r a f t t o b e u se d ag a i n s t s h i p s a s w e l la s c i t i es , and they cons tan t ly f ly overal l de tec ted units of the U. S. fleet .

The Sov ie t Union ha s the l a rg es tsubmar ine fo rc e in the wor ld , w i thh e av y e m p h a s i s o n h u n t e r - k i l l e r s t oin te rcep t U.S. Po la rus sub s . C om-b ined wi th a Sa te l l i t e Detec t ion S ys temf o r s u b m a r i n e s , t h e r e i s a t l e a s t a p o -t e n ti a l f o r a s u c c e s s fu l f i r s t s t r i k ea g a i n s t th e P o l a r u s f o r c e .

Also, both convent ional and nu clears u b m a r i n e s i n cl u de c l a s s e s w h ic h l a u n chmiss i l e s , bo th IRBM (Po la rus ) typesa n d c r u i s e m i s s i l e s . T he S o v i et s u r -f a c e f l e e t s l a r g e l y n e w c o n s t r u c t i o nand wi th heavy empha s i s on h igh speedm i s s i l e s h i p s t h at la u n c h c r u i s e m i s -s i l es . These mis s i l e s , up to 200 mi l esin rang e, a r e of a type unused by theWes t , and employ severa l gu idanceo p ti o ns t o r e n d e r c o u n t e r m e a s u r e s d i f-

t ro l c ra f t have been dep loyed in Sov ie tand Soviet Al l ied Navies . Thes e patr olc r a f t a r e a g r e a t d a n g e r t o t h e U .S .F l e e t , p a r t i c u l ar l y i n i n - s h o r e w a t e r s .

The Sov ie t s have ex tens ive ly d e-p loyed an ABM (an t i -ba l l i s t i c m is s i l e )sys t em to in t e rcep t any U .S. veh ic l est h a t s u rv i v ed a f i r s t s tr i k e . I t i s b a s e don HANE (high al t i tude nu clea r explo-s ion ) e f fec t s . Th i s sys t e m was deve l -qped by violat ion of the nuc lear te s tmor i to r iu m in 1962-3 , and upon deve l -opment , t he Sov ie t s s igned the Tes tB a n T r e a t y t o p r e v en t a s i m i l a r U .S .deve lopment . Bas ica l ly , t he e l ec t r o -magnet i c e f fec t s of the ABM des t roy o rn u t r a l i ze a l l i n c om i n g n u c l e a r w a r h e a d sat h igh al t i tude with relat i vely no effecton the g round below. Th i s e f fec t per -s i s t s f o r a t l e a s t a s h o r t t im e f o r s e v -e r a l t h ou s an d s q u a r e m i l e s . W a r h e a d sa i m e d a t v i ta l t a r g e t s c a n a l s o b e i n -t e rcep ted on a po in t - to -po int bas i s bythe same ABM sys tem. Th i s sys t em i sa l r e a d y m o d e r a t e l y d e pl o ye d a n d r a p id -ly expanding.

Supp lemen t ing the miss i l e defenses y s t e m i s th e a i r d e f en s e s y s t e m ofi n t e r c e p to r s , s u rf a c e t o a i r m i s s i l e sand AA guns fo r defense aga ins t a t t ackby a i rc ra f t of the U .S . and i t s a l l i es .I t i s i n t e res t ing to no te tha t wh il e highspeed low a l t i tude de l ivery by a i r c ra f twould probably be the mo st effec t ivemethod of del iv ery in the face of re dd e f e n s e s , A m e r i c a n s t r a t e g i c b o m b e r sa r e n o l o n g e r m a in t a in e d o n a n a l e r tb a s i s .

Sov iet s t ra t eg ic space miss i l es ,I CB MS a n d s e a la u n c h ed m i s s i l e s a r esupp lemen ted no t only by bom bers , bu tby land base d IRBMS. ( In te rmed ia teRange Bal l i st i c Miss i l es ) . These sys -t e m s a r e p r i m a r i l y f o r u s e a g a in s tEurope o r Ch ina .

The Soviet Union con sider s the u seof b io log ical and che mica l weapons a sef f i c i en t, and ever y majo r un i t of theSov ie t Army has spe c ia l i zed B/CW un i t sin t eg ra ted in to i t . E lec t ron ics warfa rea l so app ears to be rece iv ing ex tens iveat tent ion. The Soviets have concen-t ra t ed on deve loping l a rg e num bers ofs imple , re l i ab le equ ipmen t s . ManyWes tern ana lys t s cons ider the t anksthat they repl aced in the 1956-7 seaso nto be sup er io r toAm er ica n t anks today.Also , t he g ian t Sov ie t Army p laces ah igh emp has i s o n mobi l i ty , and near lya l l l a n d b a s e d t a c t i ca l m i s s i l e s a nd

f i cul t . Hundreds of mis s i l e f i r ing pa- e l ec t r on ic s equ ipmen t i s veh icu la r

mounted. In fact , one se ri es of ICBis ra i l roa d moun ted , a l though i t i s nknown how many of th ese a r e deployThe s t a t e con t ro l l ed sys t e m of educt io n r e s u l t s i n m o s t m i l i t a r y m e n h aing a career s t a tus .

D e v e lo p m e n ta l s y s t e m s a r e h i g hsec re t , bu t there has been shown to g r e a t e m p h a s i s o n s p a c e w e ap o n s, m is i l es o f a l l t ypes , a i rc ra f t and specweapons. The Soviets appear to bl i eve tha t f i r s t s t r ike capab i li t y i s pos ib le , t ha t mis s i l e defense i s p rac t i caan 1 t ha t t hese th ings a r e des i rab le .

An ElectronicAir Defense System

The l ions share o f Sov ie t s t ra t egweapons depend upon mi ss i l es o r a icr af t fo r del ivery. Yet the HANE ABsys tem cannot be developed withoa tmosphe r i c nuc lear t es t ing , a v io la tiof the t reaty . Point- to-p oint ABMS aexpensive, and of l imi ted appl icat iaga ins t ICBMS wi th e l ec t ro n ics dev ico r a g ai n s t s p a c e m i s s i l e s . A r e t h eany al ternat i ves to being without effet ive defense, v iolat ion of a t re aty o r tprohibi t ive ly exp ensive point- to-poiA B M s y s t e m ?

Nuclear weapons (and chemica l obiological weapons als o) mu st be phyica l ly de l ivered to the i r t a rge t s a t f i n i t e s p e e d , f o r p r a c t i c a l p u r p o s e s some thin g below 20, 000 mil es pe r hIn te rcep to r m is s i l es canno t exceed thspeed by ve ry much if a t a l l , and uplaunch , they a r e lo s t . Each ABM loi s a v ery l a r ge amoun t o f money , bmult ip l ied by the number of targets anthe number needed fo r backups , i t bco mes near ly , if no t in fac t , imposs ibto f inance them. However, an elect r o n i c s a i r d e f e ns e s y s t e m w o ul d e mploy e l ec t romagn et i c beams tha t t r ava t the speed o f l i gh t , and the sys t ecould be re- use d thousands of t im es the sa me hour if necessar y .

T e c h n ic a l ly , a t l e a s t o n e e l e c t r o na i r d e f e ns e s y s t e m i s p r a c t i c a l a t t ht ime. I t would employ the so-cal lep lasmoid e f fec t , so named because c r e a t e s a s m a l l a r e a w h e r e m a t t e r iheated to the s tat e known in physic

a s p l asma. Two beam s o f microwavef ro m two an tennas a r e focused a t onpo in t, so a r r an ged tha t t hey re in fo rceach o ther . A t shor t d i s t ances , t hcaus es an e f fec t commonly known aart i f i cial l ightning a t that point. Nowwith the developmen t of coh eren t ener gt r a n s m i t t e r s , k n ow n a s l a s e r s a t l i gf r e q u e n c i e s, o r m a s e r s a t t h e m i c rowave band, the range at which thp lasmoid e f fec t can be p roduced great ly extended.

Now, if th is weapon wer e in tegratewi th a t rack ing sys t em, i t cou ld in t e rcep t an incoming miss i l e in a f rac t io

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THE GENER L P GEof a second al lowing anoth er fr ac t io n ofa second fo r t ransm i t t e r recove ry , t hes y s t e m i s a l m o s t i n st a n t ly r e a d y t o r e -use.

Un like psyco logica l de t e r re n t basedon the use of thermo-nu c lear warhe adsaga ins t who le no t ions, t h i s i s a re a lde ter re nt (e . g. abi l i ty to s top the ene-m y ) th a t i s d i r e c t e d s o l el y a t h i s m i l i -t a ry mach ine .

Now th i s dev ice i s no t o f a so r t no ra range tha t would be par t i c u la r ly u se-fu l a s a long range o f fens ive weapon ,b u t i t wo uld a l s o s e r v e a s a n e l e c t r o n i cdefense aga ins t such long range e l ec-t ron ics weapons if the Sovie ts wer e tod e v el o p s u c h s y s t e m s i n t h e m i c r o w a v ebands. At pr ese nt s tat es of weaponstechno logy , i t wou ld g rea t ly a s s i s t i nr e n d e r i n g a s u c c e s sf u l f i r s t s t r i k e i m -poss ib le , and p robab ly p reven t an ene -m y f rom even try ing , knowing in ad -vance i t would be unsuccess fu l . F ina l -l y , i t w ou ld r e - o r i e n t A m e r i c a n d e f e n s eth ink ing a long the p r im ary l ine of r e -spons ib i l it y of a defens ive Arm ed Fo rc esthe ab i l it y to s top the enemy . f r omsuccessf ul ly at ta cking the ci t izen s ofthe country . Becau se no new t echno lo -gy i s requ i red to deve lop the sys t em , i tshould be poss ib le to do s o in a r e l a -t ive sh or t period of t ime hopeful lybefore the Soviets ful ly deploy theirp r e s e n t w e a po n s s y s t e m s .

E T R L. Sidney Treoethan USNOE Division USS Waddell DDG-24FPO Sa n Fran cisco, Calrfornia96601

Conventionin California

August 17-18 i s t he t i m e f o r th e 1 s tannual wargaming conven t ion fo r thes tate of Cal i fornia . Spon sored by theup and coming Spar t an Wa rga mer s , t heconvent ion is open to al l who have thewher-wi th -a l l t o make the t r ip to Nor thLong Beach , Cal i fo rn ia . Nat iona l Pr es -iden t Russe l l Powel l requ es t s advancer e s e r v a t i o n s ; th o s e t h a t r e s p o n d p r i o rto the Augu st 12th dead line will be inf r e e . T h o s e n o t r e s e r v i n g i n ad v a nc ewi l l be charg ed a t t he door . I

Housing and food mus t be t aken c ar eo f by eachp ar t i c ipan t al though the Spa r -t a n W a r g a m e r s c a n c e r t a i n l y b e of a s -s i s t ance if you wr i t e to the i r home o f -f ice ; 5820 John Avenue, Long Beach,Cal i fornia.

If the s ize of thei r new slet t er , thela rg es t of a l l c lub news le t t e rs , i s anindicatio n of the scop e of the conv ention ,you can expec t a rea l l y b ig show on thewes t coas t .

Praetorian Guard valuation Testby Cha r l es Hoch

While Mr. Hoch was organizing the Test had sent to wargarners at random. O f the(see previous issue) he was already corn- Surveys sent, 6 were returned with piling the results of the PGET Survey he interesting results reprinted below.The ques t ion i s g iven on the l e f t and the ques t ion r esu l t s i n percen tages on r igh t. The percen tages rep rese n t the f rac t ion of the to t a l who answered the qution.(A)1. I a m y e a r s f age. a ) Under 12 b ) 12 -14

c) 15 -17 d ) 18 -21 e )Ov er 212. I have p layed Avalon Hi l l war gam es fo r

e a r s . a ) 1 b) 2 c ) 3 d ) 4 e ) 5 o r m o r e .3. I have p layed Avalon Hi l l PBM w argam es

f o r e a r s . a ) 1 b ) 2 c ) 3 d ) 4 e ) 5 o rm o r e .

4. A t p r e s e n t I a m p la y in g a r g a m e s bymai l . a ) l b ) 2 c ) 3 d ) 4 e ) 5 o r m o r e .

5. I u su al ly p l a y . . f ace to face. a ) 1 o rm o r e g a m e s e v e r y w e ek b ) 1 g a m e e v e r y 2w e e k s c ) 1 g a m e e v e r y 3 w e e k s d ) l e s s t h a none game e ver y mon th .

6. I have been a me mb er of -PBM clubs.a ) 1 b ) 2 c ) 3 d ) 4 e ) 5 o r m o r e .

7. I have w o n . . app rox im ate ly . a ) m o reg a m e s t h a n I' ve l o s t b ) a s m a n y g a m e s a sI 've lo s t c ) l es s gam es than I 've lo s t d ) noway of telling.

8. I a m p re se n t ly attending a . ) HighSchool b) Grade School c ) Jun io r High Schoo ld ) Co l l ege e ) None.

9. My g r a d e s in schoo l a re u su a l ly s . ) Ab ) B c ) C d ) D e )

10. The sub jec t s I p re fe r would be p laced underthe heading o f . ) Humani t i es b ) Soc ia lSc ience s c ) Bus . Econ . d ) Sc ience e ) Math.

11. I th ink age p lays a mor e imp or tan t par t i nwargaming than exper i ence . a ) Of tenb ) S o m e t i m e s c ) S e l do m d ) N e v er

A B C D E NO0 1870 46% 2570 11% X

( B )NOTE: In th i s sec tion , t he top th ree percen tag es a r e l i s t ed , and the o the rs cobined.1. The AH game I con side r m os t comp lex is . . u t land -271, Bl i tz . -68%. Gua

canal-3%, Others-2%.2. The H ga me I c ons ide r m os t diffic ult is. . .Blit z. -4170, Jut. -280/0, Guad. -1

Others-1870.3. The AH gam e I cons ide r m os t unbalanced is . . .Stal in . -33%. Bulge-1970, Ge

1470, Others-3470.4. The AH game I cons ider mo s t h i s to r i ca l ly acc ura te i s . . . Ju t . -33%, Guad. -1

Bulge- 11%, Others-40% .5. The AH game I cons id er to be the eas i es t i s . . .AK-21%, Tactics-1670. Bi

16%, Others-47%.6. The f i r s t AH game I posse ssed was . . .Tactics-18010, Ge tt. -140/0, AK-1 370 , O

e r s - 4 7 %.7. The AH game I acq uire d m o st recen t ly is . . . Jut . -3370, D-Day-1670, W aterl

130/0, Others-3870.8. I f ind the pr ice of AH gam es and the Gene ral

a ) Cheap b ) Reasonab le c ) Expens ive A B C D E NOd) Out rag eou s e ) Robb ery 0 39% 4670 870 7% X

9. When I p lay AH gam es I usual ly play the -.a) o f fens ive b ) defens ive c ) doesn ' t mat t e r . 23% 10% 67% X X X

10. I p lay bet ter defensive than offensively .a ) Often b) Som et im es c ) Seldom d) Never 140J06770Jol670 2% X X

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THE GENER

In my da i ly li fe , wargaming is ) V e r yT h e r e w e r e e n t r e e s f r o m 1 8 S ta t e

bu t wi th the majo r i ty f ro m Cal i fo rn iaa nd Ne w Y o rk . E a c h e n t r e e 1 4 y e aimpo r tan t b ) Modera te ly im por tan t c ) A hobby

d) An intel lectual ex er ci se 24% 28% 34% 14% XI c r e a t e m y o wn g a m e v a r i a n t s s o a s t obalance play. a ) O f te n b ) S o m e t i m e sc ) Se ldo m d) Nev er. 5% 33% 41% 21'70 X XIf my opponent mak es a mis t ake , I w i l ll et h im co r r ec t it. a ) Often b ) ~ o m e G e sc ) Seldom d) Never. 33% 44% 18% 5% XI p re fe r to t ake the s ide wh ich i s favoredo win. a ) O f te n b ) S o m e t i m e s c ) S e ld o m

d ) Nev er. 8% 62% 27% 3% XIn WWII game s, I pr ef er to play the. .a ) G e r m a n s b ) A m e r i c a n s c ) D o e sn ' t m a t t e r . 3 2% 3% 6 5% X XI a k e c a r e l e s s m i s t a k e s o n m y P B Mpads . a ) O f t en b ) S o m e t i m e s c ) S e l d o md ) Neve r. 5% 32% 44% 7% 12%I c o n s i d e r o b e t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n te l eme n t in AH wargaming . a ) In t e l l igenceb) Exper i ence c ) Cho ice o f s ide s d ) Confi -dence e ) Luck. 33% 63% 0 0 570 X

Jutland Play by Mailb y R i c h a r d C. G i b e r s o n

They sa id i t cou ldn ' t be done- -sohe re i t i s : How to play JUTLAND bymai l . Tha t remin ds us of ano ther say -ing, Why be difficult , when with al i t tl e m o r e e f f o r t y ou c a n b e i m p o s s i -ble. I The impossible fol lows.Actua l ly JUTLAND by mai l i s a be t -t e r game than JUTLAND in person , a tl e a s t i n a y e a r o r s o y ou w il l p r o b a bl yf i n is h a g a m e ( h a s a n yo n e e v e r f i n i s h e da game of JUTLAND?) Th i s a r t i c l ewil l deal wi th the mech anic s of p lay,h a v in g t h e b a s i c g a m e p r i m a r i l y i nmind . A succeed ing a r t i c l e wil l adap tthe var ious advanced and tou rname n tr u l e s t o t h e P b m f o r m a t .

S e a r c h P r o c e d u r eWe s t a r t t he game us ing a sch eme

s i m i l a r t o th e s o l i t a i r e g a m e . P l a y e r sa g r e e b e f o re h a n d o n a m a i l i n g d a t e f o rthe i r i n i ti a l moves . The Germ an p lay -e r ( G P ) p r e p a r e s , i n d u p li c a te , a nin i t i a l move . Th i s move i s t o end wi thh i s showing h imse l f i n one o r mo re ofthe shaded squa res . The Br i t i sh p lay -e r ( B P ) p r e p a r e s s i x s we e p p a t t e r n s a si n t h e s o l i t a i r e g a m e . T o s a v e s h e e t si t i s s u g g e st e d t h a t c o l o r e d p e n c il s o ro t h e r s c h e m e b e u s e d t o s e p a r a t e t h ep a t t e r n s . T h e s e s w e ep p a t t e r n s a r ea l s o t o be p r e p a r e d i n d u p li c at e . T h eB P n u m b e r s h i s s i x s w e ep s i n an y o r d -e r h e c h o o s e s , n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t h eord er of the so l i t a i re gam e. A copy

of the in i t i a l move i s mai l ed by theagr eed da te to the opponent .

E a c h p l a y er t h e n c o m p a r e s t h e G Pf lee t moves wi th the s i x Br i t i sh sweepsi n n u m e r i c a l o r d e r . T h e f i r s t o n e t or e s u l t i n a c o n t a c t i s t h en u s e d f o r t h esubsequ ent p lay. If no contact wasm a d e th e G P s e l e c t s t h e B r i t i s h s w e e pp lan he wan t s to use , ad jus t s the t im esca les and no t i f i es the BP.

S u b s eq u e n t s e a r c h c a l l s c a n b e m a d equ i t e n ice ly us ing pos t ca rd s . S inces e a r c h i s s i m u l t a n e o u s t h e p l a y e r sm e r e l y a g r e e o n m a i l i ng d a t e s ( l ik eever y Fr ida y) . Even tua l ly Bat t l e wi l lbe jo ined. Rem emb er , accord ing to theGENERAL, (Sept. -0 ct . '67) a i l T F ' Shave to be cal led out .

B a t tl e P r o c e d u r eT h e P B M m o du s o p e r a n d i i s a s f o l -lows: When Bat t le h as been jo ined

p lay ers simul t aneous ly ma i l t he i r i n i -t ial set ups then:

1. Blac k Moves f i r s t .2 . Blue moves and f i r es .3. B la ck f i r e s a z m o v e s .4. R e pe a t s t e p s 2 a n d 3 a s n ee de d.

S i n c e f i r i n g i s r e a l l y s i m u l ta n e o u s t h i sm e th o d i s v a l id a n d s a v e s a n e x t r a e x -change of l e t t e rs .

Maneuver To loca te sh ips on theba t tl e board use quadr i l l e paper

( ru le d in squa res 114 in . on a s ide) .

of ag e and un de r, only 10% thought as o m e t i m e s p l a y s a m o r e i m p o r t a n t p athan experience in wargaming. 60though t i t s e ldom p layed a mo re import ant part , whi le 30% thought i tnevp l ay e d a m o r e i m p o r t a n t p a r t t h an eper i ence .

Take a c lose look a t t he res u l t s ques t ion seven , Sec tion A). If 65have been doing al l the winning, whob e e n l o s i n g ? I t is i n t e res t ing to not h a t m a n y w a r g a m e r s a p p e a r t o p o s s eag gre ss iv e tendencies . Quest ion Niin Sec t ion (B) and ques t ion f ive in Set ion (C) reve a l tha t o f fens ive t endec ie s fa r ou td i s t ance the defens ive t edencies . In quest ion eight, Sect ion (Bmany people p ut down two cat eg orion the i r t e s t she e t s say ing tha t tg a m e s w e r e p r i c e d r e a s o n a b l y o r epens ive ly , and , th a t t he Gene ra l wo u t r a g e o u s l y p r i c e d a n d f o r s o m e , r obery .

Charles HochSt . Franc is Col legeAlcala ParkSan Diego , California 921 1

To those who feel that The Generaloverpriced, you must take into consideratthe fact th at there s no outside advertisi(which usually makes ztp 60 of spaceother magazines). In addition, the numbo f subscribers also has a bearing on the pring structure. It is almost as costly to pri1,000 as it is t o print 100,800 since the greest expense is in typography, pasteup aplate-making se t-up costs. However, once get the subscription rolls up over that 50,0ma rk, we ll be ab le to pass along a savingsyou. So, spread the w or d . ight now we48,721 short.

T h e B a tt l e M a r k e r i s p l a ce d a t c o o r dn a t e s 0 , O . A l l l o c at i on s a r e r e l a t ito th i s loca t ion - -see F igu re 1. Eas h i p i s p r e s u m e d t o o c c up y 3 s q u a rwhether in the ho r i zon ta l, ver t i ca l d iagonal p lane. A ship 's locat ion

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THE GENER Lg lven by l i s t ing the squ are on which i t sbow is and the di rec t ion which the bowi s f a ci n g . T h u s i n F i g . 1 B B 1 i s a tS 6 ~ 2 1 Nn d BB2 i s a t ~ 1 ~ 8 1 s ~ .a c hs q u a r e i s o ne m o v e m e n t f a c t o r . A t u r ni s execu ted by moving one squ are i nthe d i rec t ion of t rave l and then tu rn ing450 in e i ther d i rec t ion . Rem emb er youa l w a y s mo v e f i r s t a n d t he n t u r n . T h o s efa mil iar wi th U-BOAT wil l recog nizeth i s method . The JUTLAND ru l es fo rperm iss ib le tu rn s s t i l l app ly . Wemus t make one sacr i f i ce of rea l i sm inthe in t e res t of p l ayab i l i t y ' t a movein the d iagonal d i rec t ion coun t s the

s a m e a s a m o v e i n t h e h o ri z o n t al o rver t i ca l ( though t echn ica l ly the d i s t an cei s l o n g e r) .

F i r i n g T a b l e I l i s t s th e v a r i o u sf i r i n g r a n g e s a n d o t h e r p e r t i n e n t d i s -t anc es adap ted to the 114 in. squ aref o r m a t . S o m e a d j u s t m e n t s f r o m t h eac tua l JUTLAND game were requ i redb u t i n g e n e r a l T a b l e I i s f a i r l y c l o s e t othe Range Finder . The d i s tance be-tween sh ips i s convenient ly mea sure dby a c l ea r p l as t i c ru l e of a t l eas t 6inch length , 114 inch being equal to ones q u a r e . R a n ge i s to b e m e a s u r e d f r o m

TABLE IFIRING RANGES for PBM JUTLAND

JUTLAND Range Finde r No. of Sq ua re s ofP B M G r i de low 3 ,000 Day t ime Hi t s 4 o r l e s s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aximum Night t ime Sight ing Range 8aximum CL, DD Dayt ime Fir in g. 1 2bove 1 6 ,000 Day t ime Hi t s f ro m 1 8ax imum BB, BC, B Day t ime Fi r ing . 24aximum Dayt ime Sight ing Range 30

The ra t io i s no t cons tan t bu t i s adap ted fo r conven ience .TABLE I1

GRID COORDINATES ALLOWED FORINITIAL FLAGSHIP PLACEMENTS

DAY TIMEE n te r F r o m Flagsh ip Loca t ions Bow Fac ingNE- N13E21, N14E19,N15E1 7, Nl6E15. . 23E1 SW

E - (al l E21 ) N12, N10, N8, N6, N4, N2.0, SZ, S 4. . 12 WSE- S13EZl ,S14E19 ,S15E17 ......................... 23E1 NWSW- S13W21,S14W19,S15W17 S23W1 NE

(al l WZl)N12,NlO,N8, N6,N4, NZ,O,SZ,S4. . ...... S12 EW- N13W Zl,N14 W19 ,Nl5W 17 N23W1

NIGHT TIMENE- N3E3, N4E2 , N5E1 -SW SW- S3W3, S4W2, S5W1 -NE

E- N2E4,OE4 ,S2E4 W W- NZW4,OW4,SZW4 ESE - S3E3 , S4E2 , S5E1 -NW NW- N3W3, N4W2, N5W1 - S E

TABLE I11OPERATIONS FO R BRITISH NAVY Dat ea y H o u r T u r n

Bow Di r . Type NAME TF- F, L Des t ina t ion MF C FS6W2/N BB Agincour t I -F1 9 141-1, 2 BB Ajax 8 12

e tc .TABLE IV

Bat t le Tur n BATT LE PLAN FOR BRITISH NAVY Datetock Date fo r Reso lv ine Bat t l es

No. OFFENSIVE SHIPS DEF. SHIP Odds o r STOCK RESULTGunnery F

1.

the mid -po in t s of the cen te rmo s t squareof the sh ips . To avo id con t ro versy thd i s t a n c e c a n a l w a y s b e c a l c ul a t ed athe hypotenuse of a r ight t r iangle . F ig . 1 the range be tween BB1 and BBis 13 squa res . However . t he p re sence of CA1 p rec ludes the BB' s f rof i r i n g a t e a c h o t h e r .

In i t i a l Ba t t l e Board P lacemen tSince movement in to the ba t tl e squari s f r o m a h e x ag o n p a t t e rn a n d s h ip l oca t ions a r e to be g iven in rec tangu lac o o r d in a t e s s o m e c o n v e r si o n i s n e c e ssary . Tab le I1 g ives the pe rmiss ib lg r id coord ina tes fo r sh ips en te r ing thba t t l e board f ro m each of the s ix drec t ions . No te tha t t h i s p l aces soms h i p s a t v a r i o u s m o v e m e n t f a c t of r o m 0 0 bu t tha t i s re a l ly of no part icu lar co nsequence. Note als o tht h i s Ta b l e l i m i t s t h e m a x i m u m d i s ta n cbetween l in es to the confines of a s ingh e x s q u a r e - - a n o b vi ou s r e q u i r e m eof a s ing le T F as sume d to be in a g ivesquare . Th i s requ i re men t howevewas not spel led out in the JUTLANr u l e s . E n t r a n c e t o t h e B a t t le B o a r d n igh t p re sen t s spec ia l p rob lems (had you no t i ced ) Tab le I1 a l s o l i s t s t hs q u a r e s f o r n i g h ti m e u s a g e . Note ththe nu mber of permiss ib le l i nes os h i p s i s s e v e r e l y r e s t r i c te d i n t h i s c a s

B a s i c G a m e G u n n e r y R e s u l t s T a b l eLet sa l es - in -hundreds of 1 -6 rem aa s i s a nd l e t 7 1 , 8 = 2, 9 5 and 06

Ord er of Bat t l e Shee t s I t i s sugges ted tha t Or der of Bat t l e s hee t s ( s imi l a r t o r e g u l a r p l a y - by - m a i l p a d s ) bp r e p a r e d t o r B a t t le u s e . A d e s c r i ption of th es e i s shown in Tab le I11 anIV. Loca t ions and movement s a rgiven on one side (111) and B attle s othe o ther ( IV). The Bat t l e s ide i s s imi l a r to l and Bat t le game s but somewhs imp ler becau se no advance co lumn needed . The loca t ion s ide g ives thl o c a ti o n p r i o r t o t h e m o ve a s w e ll a s he end of the move. Also fo r conve

i e n c e t h e c u r r e n t m o v e m e n t a n d c o mb a t f a c t o r s a r e l i s t e d ( T o u r na m eGame) .

ConclusionObvious ly i f , engagemen t s o ccur

m o r e t h a n 1 s e a r c h a r e a a t t h e s a mt i m e t h ey m a y b e c a r r i e d o n s i m u lt aeous ly mere ly by iden t ify ing the se paa te T F t s . A l so no te tha t l oca t ions a l l sh ips in a l i ne do no t have to bgiven, i f they a r e head to tai l , jus t l it h e F l a g s h i p n u m b e r t h e y a r e f ol lo w iand posi t ion in the l ine . Thus in TabI11 Agincour t i s i n Task Fo rce I and F l a g s h i p 1 ( I - F l ) . T h e A j a x i s ts econd sh ip in the l ine and i s des igna t1-1, 2 If the Aginco urt w as BB1 Figu re 1 then the loca t ion des igna t i

&of Ajax would be S9W2/N.Richard C. Giberson1422 Agne sRichla nd, Washington 99352

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uclearTHE GENER

Psychologyacts

The Peace-In at Avalon HillNext sum me r you cou ld be r ead ing an ews i t e m l i k e t h i s . .by Wil l iam B. S ear i gh t TM l( s s )

As leading Petty Oficer in charge of themissile launching division aboard the F .B .M .Submarine Von Steuben, Searight attemptsto explain a few of the m isconceptions con-cerning man s knowledge of nuclear power.Fr o m m an ' s an c i en t p a s t u nt i l m o d -

er n t imes , the human rac e ' s psycholog-ica l ou t look has no t changed much ex-cep t i n ap p ly i ng a f ew m o r e co a t s o fvene er to h i s c iv i l iza t ion .

T h e h u m an r ac e i s s t i l l b a s i ca l l y t h esam e in tha t , what he d oes no t un der -s t an d, h e e i t h e r f e a r s , t r y s t o r a t i o n -a l ize , o r if tha t f a i l s , to ignore i t .M o r e t han l i k e ly h e d o es t h e f i r s t an dl a s t a nd l e t s t he m a s s n e w s m e d i a e x -p l ai n t h e r e s t f o r h i m .

In today ' s f as t pac ing wor ld , nuclearpower , (both fo r peacefu l purposes andw ar f a r e ) , i s b e i n g f o r ced on t o o u r co n -sc ious mind whether we l ike the idea o rn ot . Peo p l e t od ay, a s a m as s , a r ea l m o s t t o t a ll y i g n o ran t ab o u t t h e b as i cfac t s concern ing nuclear energy . Thereason being , i t is f e l t be t t er to be-g u il e t h e o r d i n a r y m an s o a s n o t t od r ed ge u p h i s b a s ic f e a r s o n w h a t h ap -pened in Japan dur ing Wor ld War 11I t is bet ter , r a t her , to play down,co v e r up o r u t i l iz e p a r a p h r a s e s s u cha s l ' t h e r m o n u c l ea r d ev i ce s " t h an ed u -cating the' people to th e ba sic fa ct s .

When w as t he l a s t t i m e y o u ev e rr ead o r h ea r d t h e p h r a s e " A to m i cbomb1 '? Th is phra se psycho log ica l lye f f ec t s th e av e r ag e m an w i th en v i s i o n sof dead ly r ad ia t ion , mushr oom cloud ,e t c .

H e r e a r e a f ew q ues t i on s :1. Do you go to the be ac h to get a

s u n t an ?2 D r in k m i l k o r w a t e r ?3 E a t s ea fo od , f r e s h v e g e t a b l e s ?4. Wear a wr is twatc h wi th a lu mi-

nous d ia l?5. H ad an X - R ay l a t e l y ?T h en h e r e a r e t h e f ac t s. Y ou a r e in

co n t ac t an d ab s o r b m o r e r ad i a t i o n t h anI would, ev en though I a m in c lose p rox-i m i t y to n u c l ea r r ad i a t i p n f o r m o n t h s a ta t im e whi le on pat ro l .

Do the te rm s a lpha , be ta r ay s soundo m i n o u s ? N o t r ea l l y , b ecau s e t h eyt r av e l v e r y s m a l l d i s t an ces . Y o u rskin and clothing would stop t hem andthey could ea si l y be w ashed off withsoap and water .

HIPPIES PICKET AVALON HILLR ep o r t e r : J a r e d J o hn s on

The Dow Chemical Company wasf i r s t . Avalon Hi ll was second. Then ew m o v em en t s t a r t ed o n e d ay a sgroup of ragg ed, long -haired individu-a l s were shop li f t ing in a wel l-knownd ep a r t m en t s t o r e n o t f a r f r o m G r een -wich Vil lage.

"Hey , man Look her e " s a i d t h elea der of th i s smal l band of h ipp ies a she b rushed the l ic e ou t of h i s ha i r ."How does th i s g rab you? H ere ' s acompany tha t sp ecia l iz es in pu tt ing ou tw ar g am es . R ea l i s t i c w a r g am es . R e -en ac t a l l t h e m i s e r y an d a t r o c i t i e s ofp as t h i s t o r i c co n f li c t s .

" It s o u n ds i m m o r a l t o m e , " s a i dthe boy g i r l th ing stand ing nex t to h imhe r i t . "What r igh t have they got tocapita l ize o n the dea th of hundred s ofthousands of human beings . jus tl i k e u s

" Y o u 'r e r i g ht , s a i d an o t h e r . " L e t ' speaceful ly burn the AH company to theground.

' 'NO t shou ted the leader . "I 've gotbet t er idea . We' l l p icket We' l l

s t a r t a p r o t e s t m a r c h . . a g a i n s t t h eAvalon Hil l company.I t d idn ' t t ake long to o rgan ize a

sm al l mob of o the r h ipp ies who hadnoth ing bet t er to do than ca tch the nex tf r e igh t down to Bal t imo re .

T h e n ext d ay s t a r t ed o u t a s a n o r m a lday a t the AH company. Kenneth John-s o n , Sa l e s M an ag e r , w as b us y p r o ces s -ing the avalanche of o r de r s fo r the l a t -e s t A H g am e . Su b s c ri p t io n L ad y G er -t r u d e Z o m b r o , w as b u s y r ead i n g l e t -t e r s f r o m s u b s c r i b e r s who ha d r e -ce i v ed t h e i r l a s t i s s u e of T h e G en e r a la month la t e , no t to ment ion to rn andmangle d by the U.S. Po st Off ice. Sud-den ly there was a v io len t commot ion

You m ay have r ead mag azines andbooks wr i t ten abou t the ef fec ts of r ad i -a t ion on su rv ivo r s of H i ro sh im a andNagasak i . Don ' t be l ieve a l l tha t t r ash .T h ey w er e w r i t t en t o cap t u r e y o u r i n -t e r e s t f o r m o n e y s a l e s b e c a u s e a d u l lbook jus t wouldn ' t se l l ve ry wel l .

William B. Searight TM Z(S S)U.S.S.VonSteuben SSB N632(G)F.P.O. New York 09501

outs ide and a rock cam e sa i l ing th rougthe window. A quick glance outsidrevealed the source . Sur round ing thAvalon Hi l l Company were some sev era l h u n d red h i p pi e s , d r e s s ed i n t h e iusual way-ou t a t t i r e , and d isp lay insuch s igns as : "PRESIDENT SMITH ISA WAR MONGER " "AH SUPPO RTSTHE WAR IN VIETNAM AND ALLFUTUR E WARS "AH GLORIFIESWAR "AVALON HI LL KILLS CARDBOARD COUN TERS And, "WE LOVEYOU "

"We have your building surrounded,shou ted the leader . "And we ar en 'going to le t anyone through. We've cuthe telephone l in es and nobody wil l bab le to p lace o rde r s . Your companwill go bankrupt and the c au se of just icand h ipp ie mora l i ty wi l l t r iumph againAnd, if anyone tr ie s to help you, we' lb r eak h i s n eck I 1

"Call the police. Cal l the FBI . Calthe Pre side nt " suggest ed Ken Johnson

"No phone," sa id Ed Adams. "Bes ides , I 've go t a be t ter idea . I ' l l sugges t to them that we se t t le our d i f f erenc es peacefu l ly .. . ver a game board

And so the sugges t ion was m ade, ana tem pora ry t ruc e was ca l led . Thmob of hippies su rroun ding the buildinlay down the i r p icket s igns , the i r f lower s , and the i r kn ives , c lubs , anchains . The hipp ie lea der p icked f ivfe l low h ipp ies to as s i s t h im in thchallenge. Inside, the Bulge board wabeing se t up.

The smal l band o f h ipp ies en te rethe AH game- te s t ing room and gatherearou nd one end of the table. "Are yof am i l i a r w i t h t h i s p a r t i cu l a r g am e ?quer ied Adams.

"Sure, man, I ' sa id one hippie. "Wu s e yo u r g am e b o a r d s f o r w a l l p ap e r .

"Yeah, " added ano ther . "We hidour suga r cubes ins ide your games . Wu s e m ag i c m a r k e r an d t h e fu zz m i s t akthem for d ice .

" F i n e , " r ep l i ed A d am s . " L e t ' s g eunderway. I AH m ad e t h e f i r s t m o v e athe Germ ans . A f ew minu tes and sever a l U .S. co un te r s were in the deabox.

"Now what do we do ?" ask ed thhead hippie surveyin g the board.

"Nothing, I said the head of hairhis right. "We don't move anythinWe' ll jus t l e t our un it s s i t. Peacefco-ex is tence . Non-vio len t r e s i s tencThat 's the an swe r to everything " Tho the r h ipp ies nodded the i r approva

"Groovy , sneered the head hipp

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THE GENER L P GEa t A d ams . Y ou r t urn . Se v e r a l mi n - Oficial v lon Hill Game Clubst e s an d s ev e ra l d ie t h ro w s l a t e r a l o tmo re U.S. uni ts were el iminate d, andthe G erm ans occup ied Bas togne .

What now? aske d the lead er.Move back.Re t reat .Run fo r your l ives

A quick scrambl ing of seve ra l g r im yhands and al l of the U.S. uni ts w erere t rea t ing fo r the Meuse with the Ger -man a rm y r igh t behind them. A fewmi n u te s l a t e r t he g ame w as o v e r . T h e rewas not a U.S. uni t on the board.

What did we do wron g? puzzledthe head hippie.

Dunno. IThe game i s ove r , sa id Smi th .

Now keep your word and get your mo b

The clubs l is ted below supp lement the ini t ial l i s t ing made in the Jan-Feb 19issue . Due to space l im itat ions , we have not repe ated any pri or l i s t ings al thoumany have fo rwa rded us updated in fo rmat ion . The purpose of th i s l i s t ing i s s impto p rov ide bas ic in fo rmat ion to those re ade rs look ing fo r new c lubs .CLUB

ilitary Province of Vestavia2017 Chambers DriveHuntsville, Alabama 35811

PRESIDENT MEMBERSHIPWm. J. Schrenk I

CLUB PRESIDENT MEMBER

Schrverpunkt619 Leo DriveSanta Ros s. California 95401

Steve Forkel son Red For ces Bill Dobbins 1718090 NW Avalon DrivePortland, Oregon 97229

Keith Ottawsy

'rock s Militia

615 Islington Avenue N.fo ling ton. Ontario. Canada

Gernish Empire Ron Kinlough 31822 Soles StreetMcKeesport, Pennsylvania15132

Bavarian Guard288 Spring Street~ ~ ~ ~ a t ~ c k .onnecticut 06770

Bud BiletzIFW Scott P. uncan 352249 N Broad StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania19132evin H. Dobynshe 5th Reich

239 Robin RoadRussell. Kentucky

out of he re.Sure, man . We hippies always

keep our word. I And they shuffleddejectedly out the door.

What do we do now ?I1 as ked one ofthe hippies outside. We need a new

Imperial Lancers (SAC) Ronald Garland 757 Cranberry StreetJohnson City. Tennessee37601

Delmar C. Langehe Eliminators2541 Gregory RoadBenton Harbor. Michigan 49022

Gestapo Greg Pitts1708 Larkspur DriveArlington. Texas

Third Reich114 Pierce StreetBuffalo, New York 14206

Carl Pawlak

6cause.Well, I sa id ano ther . The pen tar Reichswehr Mark Pete rs International Task Force Eric Riedl 20109 Heather Lane 4608 HoltCamillus. New York 13031 Bellair e. Texa s 77401g on i s a me re s i x ty mi l e s aw ay o r w e

can go have a love-in on the WhiteHouse lawn. I This brought a rousingche er fr om the group and soon the bandof hippies were off on another t r ip .

Back inside the AH company was

33rd Paneer Lehr Diviaion Dan Richardson The Iron Brigad e Stephen Tang 3115 Hillton Boulevard 1548 Cameron CrescentCanfield. Ohio 44406 DriveReston, Virginia 22070Infantry Regime nt Gro ss Scott HennesDeutschland I The ESS Steve Wiae214 Waterford 6521 100thCenterville. Ohio 45459 Tacoma. Washinkonbac k to work. And wonder ing. Won-

dering how the cou rse of his tor y mighthave changed if hippie philosophy hadbeen influent ial in the past . His eyesra n ove r the col lect ion of AH gam esl ined up on the shelf . Get tysbur g,Day Midway.. . .

Togetherness fo r the onfederatesby Alvin Fi les

All in al l , ar t icl es in the Genera l My advice is s imple. Looking at tabou t Get tysburg '64 (squa re g r id ) have t ime re cor d c ard you see tha t the Soubeen few and f ar be tween . Al l the a r t i - can eas i ly de lay h i s a t t ack un t il tc l e s I have see n have dwel t on the basi c second half of the game and s t i l l haimbalan ce of the game which would al low ample t ime to wipe out the Union una med iocr e Union player to defeat a good as p er the v ictor y condi tions . Nok Southern player. I am not offe ring a becom es cl ea r what the South should d

lub Registration IAl l Avalon Hi l l c lubs a re u rged to

reg i s t e r o f f i c i a l ly wi th The Genera l .Those who have r eg i s t e re d p rev ious lyneed only to comple te the fo rm in theeven t of a n addr ess change . II

perfec t s t ra t egy o r a su re- f i re p lan to They wai t on the i r s ide of the boawin. I a m offer ing som e adv ice tha t in un t il a l l t he i r un i ts have ar r i ved , imy opinion wil l a t le as t put a l i t t le ac - cluding the cava lry. Then the Sout ion into the game and with a l i t t le luck puts his 4-2 uni ts in the middle ofi t wi l l a l low the Sou thern p layer to bea t long eas t -w es t l ine . Ar ty un i ts athe Union a rm ie s quite often. l inked with the 4-2's. 3 -2 ' s a r e p lac

Club Name II behind the 4 -2's to ac t as a reser vAfter watching a few Get tysburgg ames a ro u n d h e r e I have found themis ta kes which l ead to the G ray loss .A s t he g ame s t a r t s t h e Reb e l p l ay e r ,see ing h i s supposed in fer io r i ty , rush esat the Union for ces , t rying to defeat theN o r t h b e fo re amp l e r e i n fo r cemen t s a r -r ive for Meade. The Union play ermer e l y y aw n s an d mo v es f a r o v e r to h i ssid e of the board. By the time theSouth ge ts to the B lue li nes the Unionforc es f a r ou tnumber the Sou thernforc es and the Sou thern fo rc es , l ack ingcaval ry sp l i t up due to the s t agg er-ed ar r iv a l of he lp , f ind themselvessoundly t rounced be fore they know whathi t them.

Caval ry i s pu t on the f l anks to p reveUnion uni ts fro m sneaking past . Ththe Rebels advance southward d estr oing the Union for ce s . Union countea t t acks a r e eas i ly defea ted . The b ige st danger to the South is 3-1 echanges. By keeping on the offensithe Confede rates ca n double and somt ime even t r ip le the i r a t t ack fac to rAfter the Union com man der lea rn s th i s s t ra t egy he wi ll probably se t defense posi t ions on the r idg es to teas t . Th i s wi l l hur t the Rebel a t t abut by skil l ful maneuv ering he can wand he will always give the Blue co mmander a run fo r h i s money .. .AlvFiles, 630 W. 16, Ada. Okla. 7482

Mai ling Addre ss IIName of Newslet ter o r Mag. (i f any) IITota l Mem ber sh ip IIPres i d en t ' s S i g n at u r e I(Check One): IIh i s i s a f i r s t t i me r eg i s t ra t i o n 1

T h i s i s a n ad d re s s ch ang e r eg i s t r a - Iion. I

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P GE 13 THE GENER L

Question BoxJut landQ. S ince e a c h p l a ye r m us t c a l l ou t t he-square in which he has ships , why wasthe Air Recon rule inc luded?A. This ru le was to be used in con--junc t ion wi th a thre e -p layer vers ion ofthe game. In tha t ve rs ion (a lso sui t -a b le f o r p l ay by m a i l ) a t h i r d p l a ye rthe r e f e r e e r e c e ive s the m ove s f r o mbo th p l a ye r s a nd c om pa r e s the m to de -t e r m ine i f c onta c t i s m a de . P l a y e r sneed ca l l out squares in which theyhave forc es only i f ' they de s i r e to do so .Thus the a i r r e c o n r u l e be c om e s ve r yuseful to the Ge r m a ns .Q. How do you de te r mine the f i r ing-odds when ther e a re a nu mber of shipsf i r ing a t a s ing le t a r ge t f r o m va r iousr a nge s , som e double d, som e n o t?A. F i r e sh ips in g r oups a c c o r d ing tohe i r r a nge s .

Don 't f o r ge t t o vo te on wha t a r e thet h r e e b e s t a r t i c l e s of t h i s i s s u e . . . r e -c o r d your vo te s w he r e p r ov ide d on theContes t Ent ry blank.

Subscriber Discount.. .The Coupon shownbelow i s f or the b ene-f i t of the fu l l -year sub scr i ber . As soona s you ha ve a c c um ula t e d 4 suc h conpons , 1 each f rom this and succeedingi s sue s , you a r e e n t i tl e d to a 1 . 00 d i s -count appl ied to the purchase of anyAvalon Hill gam es , p ar ts , play-l;y-mai l equipment and the Genera l .

H e r e ' s h o w i t w o r k sEach coupon s wor th 25 . But one

coupon a lone d oes not ent i t le you to a25 c redi t . You mu st accumul a tedif fe rent coupons before taking advant-age of the 1.00 cred it . When you hav eaccumula ted 4 coupons, then you clipthe m a l l t oge the r a nd se nd the m in wi thyour o r d e r f o r a n Ava lon Hi l l ga m e .When order ing in th is manner , yous im ply se nd us a c he c k o r m one y- o r de rf o r 1 . 00 l e s s t ha n the usua l r e t a i l va lueof the game.

I S VE THIS COUPONGOODTOWAR DTHEP UR C HAS E

O F ALL AVALON HI LL

JULY AUG. 968

OPPONENTS WANTED ADVERTISEMENTPlease print or type your advertisement on the spaces provided below, maximumincluding your name and address) 35 words per ad.

29 3 31 32 33 34 35 WORDAll ads are inserted as a free service to full-year subscribers. Only one ad pesubscriber per issue is allowed. Ads will not be repeated from issue to issuehowever, subscribers may re-submit the same ad, or new ads, for each succeedinissue. Ads received after the 15th of the month preceding publication will appeain the following issue. No ads will be accepted unless printed on this form.

Contest No. 26In honor of Avalon Hill 's 10th anni-

ve rs a r y (May 1958-68) . we focus th ism on th ' s c on te st on the i r ve r y f i r s t c om -merc ia l l y produced game Get tysburg.

You a r e the Confedera te comma nderattackin g the Union divisio ns of William sand Schurz . The objec t i s e l imina t ionof these two divis ions in th is ba t t le forcontro l of Semi na ry Ridge just south oftown.

On your Opera t io ns Shee t , spec i fythe e xa c t ba t t l e b r ea kdown in the o r d e rin wh ic h the y a r e to be r e so lve d . S e c -ondly specify the battle odds andf ina l ly to reso lve combat , se lec t as toc k f o r e a c h bat t l e t o a c t a s t he d i e -r o l l i n the m a nne r s im i l a r t o the P la y -by-Mail games.

Operations SheetS e le c t S toc k f r om th i s Gr oupAmpex Goodyear Pola roidCh rys le r I .B .M. White MotorF ood F a i r Kor ve tt e Ze n ith

ATTACKINGUNITS v s DEFENDINGI ODDS

The judges wi l l consul t the Sa les- inHundreds column for the c los ing N YStock Exchange tran sact ions of MondaAugust 12, 1968 found in Tuesd ay morning ' s paper . The las t d ig i t of the Sa lesin-Hundreds column for each S tose lec ted wi l l be matched up aga ins t thB l i t z k r i e g B a s i c Ga m e At t r it i on P la yby-Mai l Table for res ul t of combat .

In case of t ie s , winners wi l lbe thoswho have specif ied combat in the optm um ta c t i c a l m a nne r quo ting c o r r eba t t le odds accordingly . Al l ent ranm us t l i s t wha t t he y pe r sona l ly f e e l a rt h e t h r e e b e s t a r t i c l e s i n t h i s i s s uThis se lec t ion has no bear ing on thcontes t resu l ts but ent r ies not conta ining this information will be voided.

I Headli nes of 3 B e s t Ar t i c l eI Name

A d d r e s sc i t y S t a t e

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THE GENER L P GE

M E CC A: th e front door of Av alon Hill s business ofice . T o those of you who are planning avacation trip, feel free to drop in on your w ay th rough . Because of th e secretive natu re ofmu ch o f our printing especially involving governmen t w ork, Avalon Hill m ust limit guidedtours to Tue sda ys, only, between the hours of 8:3 AM and 11:OO AM. Any o ther t ime wewill, of course, be glad to ta lk t o you briefly but could n ot show you around.

S i r s ,I would l ike to comme nt on Michael

P a l u s zek ' s a r t i c l e " A f t e r m a t h of V i c -t o r y .

F i r s t l e t m e s a y th a t I a g r e e t h a t"the actu al posi t ioning of your unitsi m m e d i a te l y a f t e r b a t t le i s e x t r e m e l yi m p o r t an t . I T h e r e a s o n b e i ng v e r ys imple , pos i t ion ing , bo th p re-ba t t l eand pos t -ba t t l e i s the ess enc e of wa r -g am i n g a s i t i s i n ch es s . O r t o go ev enan o t h e r s t ep , p o s it i on i ng i s w a r g am i n g .T h e r e s u l t s of t h e b a t t l e o r f o r t h a tm a t t e r , t h e r e s u l t s of t h e g am e d ep en don how sk i l led you a r e a t pos i t ion ing onb ot h a t a c t i c a l an d s t r a t eg i ca l b a s i s .

T h e r e i s n o g am e i n t h e AH co l lec -t ion in which you can i gnore pos i t ion ingagain s t a competen t opponen t and s t i l lbe v ic to r ious . Beca use o f th i s , therea l iz a t ion tha t a degre e of sk i l l in th i sf u nd a m e nt a l i s n e c e s s a r y , b e c o m e squ ick ly apparen t .LCPL C. D . Ohlson , U S. M. C.

D e a r S i r s :O ne a s p ec t of h i s t o r i c a l g am e s m an -

sh ip tha t se em s to be neg lec ted i s tha ts tap le fodder of o th er media , the ro -m an t i c l o s t c au s e . W e ' r e f a s c i n a t ed b ythe wistfu lness of mig ht have been,e i the r in h i s to ry of our p r iva te l i f es .The tw is t of h i s to ry i s one of the m os tpopu lar of d ev ice s in sc ience s f ic t ion .

P e r h ap s w e s ee s o m e s o r t of co s -mic jux taposi t ion be tween the des t inyof nat ions and ou r own pr iva te G ettys-burgs. "If Santa Ana had held o n toT e x a s , I ' d n e v e r b e en s e n t t o F o r tBl i s s . Subsequen tly , I ' d neve r m et andMar r ied Petun ia Ann.

So why no t p roduce a ser ie s o f l os tcau s e g am es w h e r e h i s t o r y c an s o m e-t i m e s b e r e v e r s e d ? F o r t he l ib e r a lt r ade , a game based on the Span ishCivil War . NO PASARAN F or theco n s e r v a t i v e , o n e b a s ed on t h e R u s s i anCiv i l War . What r igh t i s t cou ld r e s i s ta game ca l led BEAT THE RED ARMY?

F o r t h e Ir i s h , r e a l o r e r s a t z , t h e r e ' salways dear , old EASTER MONDAY.And f o r the romant ic , r eg ard less o fe t hn i c o r p o l i ti c a l l e an i n gs , t h e r e ' s

a lways the s t rugg l e of the ou tca s t S tuarto reg ain the throne of England . BONNIE PRINCE CHARLEY.

And fo r the hard -nosed here t ic , hoabou t a game tha t g ives the Br i t i s hchance to win the Amer ica n Revolutio

I r ea l ize tha t gam es a long th i s l ihave been p roduced before. Bu t . . . Tgimm ick would be to make the locause a so l i t a ry game . In ef f ec t, p it ing the lonely p layer again s t the see mingly inexo rable for ce s of his tory. cou r se , the odds shou ld be weighed tha t h i s to ry a s was , w ins mo s t of tt ime. Some t ime s Loyal i s t Spain ho lo u t a l i t t le l o n g e r , s o m e t i m es i t col ap s e s a f t e r a y ea r , b ut s o m e t i m es .

J e r r y L. Watkins241 1 Davenpor t S t . #2Omaha, Nebr . 68131

D e a r S i r :In a wor ld of Conform ity in ev er

thing includin g r evo lt the Avalon Hw a r g a m e r s a r e t he l a s t t r u e i nd iv ida l i s t s l e f t . The c lubs sp r ing up to sai s fy the de s i r es o f eac h indiv idugroup . Bu t a l l i s no t wel l , f o r the ch o r t s o f ev i l h av e en t e r ed t he w a r g a ming world. Viewing the f ree dom of tc lubs w i th d i s t as t e they dec ide to fo ra l l w a r g a m er s t o co n f o rm to t h e i r i do f w a r g am i n g . A s a s c r ee n f o r t h eto ta l i t a r ian ac t iv i t i es they confound tc lubs w i th the idea l of a h igher levo f w a r g am i n g , m ak i n g w a r g am i n g m opopular than c hes s , e tc . whi le end ithe f r ee dom of ind iv idual c lubs . c e r t a i n n eu t r a l c l u b s p en t w e l l o v$100 , r epo r ted ly , in subver t ing tl a r g e s t c lu b , A g g r e s s o r , a n d p r e s tYou have the Aggres sor Homeland (RAgovern ed by a high-ranki ng off ic er the o r ig ina l neu t r a l c lub. Repor ted lce r t a i n s m a l l c l u b s h av e b een o r d e r eb y t h i s n ew , n eu t r a l o r l o s e t h e i r Ag r e s s o r t r e a t i e s . Y es , t he n ew " Rformed ' ' Agg ress or sounds l ike a t rcham pion o f the sma l l c lubs . SgS q u i r e ' s l e t t e r i s a t y p i ca l ex am p l e the i r p ropaganda , though in a l l f a i r nehe probab ly bel iev es i t h imse lf . AAvalon Hil l Com pany now cut s off ton ly open fo rum open to the c lubs . be t te r so lu t ion to the s pace "p rob lemwould be to c u t ou t a l l a ds by Spar tBig Arm y, Bold lands, and ReformeAgg ress or and expand ing the ads inthe space saved by e l iminat ing le t t el ike Sg t. Sq u i r e ' s and ar t i c le s l iC h a r l e s H och ' s. H i s t e s t wo u ld am o uto to ta l i t a r ia n conformi ty even in p lai ng t h e g am es f o r w h en h e s a i d " core c t way" he mean t "accord ing to tid ea s of the judge.