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EX LIBRIS • Literaturarchiv: Wilko Ahlrichs • ROTIFERA

Ahlstrom, E. H.1938Plankton Rotatoria from North Carolina

Bd. 54 Nr. 1

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Montag, 14. Februar 2000

- .. 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 89

PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA

By ELBERT H. AHLsTRoM

PLATES 6-9

This paper is based upon a rather large group of plankton sampIescollected in poolS, ponds, streams, and lakes in many parts of the stateof North Carolina.' The three large geographie divisions of the state, thecoastal plain, the central piedmont plateau, and the western mountain-ous region, are all adequately represented. The greatest diversity offorms was found in the material from the coastal region. Materialfrom over a hundred different habitats was examined.

All determinations were made from preserved material,. killed. byadding Transeau's solution (6 parts water, 3 parts alcohol, 1 part

. formaldehyde) to collections made with a 1120 bolting silk plankton net.Loricate rotifers are readily identifiable in preserved material; in fact,it is ne\lessary to have most loricate rotifers in a contracted conditionto see the distinguishing characters used in their classification. Soft-bodied rotifers are identified with difficulty in preserved material.Their distinguishing features are best seen in expanded living material,and they should be narcotized before killing if their distinguishingcharacters are to be retained in preserved materia], The soft-bodiedforms in the North Carolina sampIes, belonging principally to thenotommatid and bdelloid groups, are not adequately treated in thispaper. Rowever, such soft-bodied forms were usually few in numbersin the North Carolina sampIes, being outnumbered several hundred toone by loricate forms in most sampIes.

Plankton rotatoria in shallow bodies of water are composed largelyof adventitious species. There are few truly limnetic species of rotifers.In the discussion that follows no attempt js made to segregate euplank-tonts from facultative planktOIi.ts or from forms accidentally occurringin the plankton whose usual habitat is the littoral. Any organismtaken in plankton sampIes is considered in this paper as being a planktonorganism.

This is the first extensive faunal.list of North Carolina rotifers.Rotifers ,have been intenSively studied in the eastern United States

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from'the following localities: Mt. Desert Island region of Maine (Myers1931-4), from the Adirondack region ofNew York (Myers 1937), fromAtlantic County in New Jersey (references scattered through manypapers of Myers and Rarring and Myers), from Washington, D. C.(Harring 1914), and from Florida (Ahlstrom 1934).

The rotatoria found in bodies of water with a pR below 7.0 are quitedifferent from those taken in alkaline habitats. There is a typicalalkaline water fauna, having exclusively such genera as Brachionus,Platyias and Notholca; there are many species of other generathatbelong definitely to the alkaline fauna alone. Similarly, there is alarge number of species whose distribution is limited to acid waterassociations. Such species are a reliable index to the hardness or soft-ness of a certain body of water. There is a third group of species,tolerant of a rather wide range of pR, which are found in bothacid andalkaline habitats. As a rule, loricate rotifers are much more abundantin alkaline fresh waters than in soft water habitats; the numb'er ofindividuals per unit volume is often many times greater in alkalinehabitats than in acid. Acid water habitats, on the other hand, have amuch greater diversity of species than hard water associations, andnotammatid rotifers are much more common than in hard waters.In North Carolina the bodies of water on the coastal plain are mostlyneutral or acid, while the ponds and streams in the piedmont and moun-tainous regions are commonly hard water associations.

I am deeply i,?-debtedto LarrY Whitford of the Department of Botanyof North Carolina State College, who collected all the sampIes uponwhich this paper is based. Mr. Whitford is making an algal survey ofthe state, in the course of which he has gathered a great number ofcollections of plankton organisms. He kindly divided many of these'sampIes .so that the author could study the rotatorian fauna. I alsodeeply appreciate the aid given by Frank J. Myers of Ventnor, N. J.,during the course of thisinvestigation. ,

SPEcrEs OF NORTH CAROLINAPLANKTON ROTATORIA

The number of bdelloid and notommatid rotifers listed is few.. Thecöntracted condition of these organisms made their specific determina-tion difficult or impossible. The loricate genera of Lepadella, Colurella,and Testudinella were very widely distributed, and represented by arather large number of species. Neither Colurella nor Testudinellais a large genus, so the number of species recorded for the state is note-worthy. Although the list of species for Lecane and M01wstyla are

.~ 90 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 91

rather large, yet the number of species of these sizable genera recordedfor thestate is disappointingj neither genus presents near the diversity .of species in North Carolina that it does in Florida or New Jersey.Brachionus is not weil represented in North Carolina. Brachionusangularis and Brachionus havanaensis are rather widely distributed,but many common species are rare or absent. Brachionus calyciflorusand Brachionus caudatus were not recorded at ail for the state, thoughboth are very common and widely distributed in aIkaline habitats else-where in the Vnited States. On the other hand, the alkaline waterspecies, Platyias patulus, is widely distributed over North Carolina.Among the Trichocercids, the sub genus .Diurella was weil representedin numbers and species in the state, Trichocerca rousseleti, in particular,was very widely distributed and often common in the sampies; in tbesubgenus Rattulus, Trichocerca mttlticrinis was often abundant andseveral other species were common, yet noteworthy by their rarity orabsence was the bicristata-mucosa-cristata-rattus group of species (agroup which is widely distributed in Ohio and elsewhere).The symbols after specific names have the foilowing significance:

A, widely distributed (often common) j C, seen in more than ten sampies ;F, seen in five to ten samplesj R, seen in two to foursamplesj S, seenin but a single collection.

Anuraeopsis fissa (Gosse), k.Anuraeopsis fissa var. navicula (Rous-seIet), R.

Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch, R.Asplanchna bn'ghtwellii Gosse, R.Asplanchna priodonta Gosse, F.Brachionus angularis Gosse, A.Brachionus budapestinensis Daday, R.Brachionus havanaensis Rousselet, C.Brachionus plicatilis Müller, R.Brachionus quadridentatus Hermann, F.Brachionus urceolaris Müller, R.Brachionus zahniseri Ahlstrom, R.Cephalodella auriculata (Müller), R.Cephalodella forficula (Ehrenberg), R.Cephalodella gibba (Ehrenberg), F.Cephalodella panarista Myers, R.Cephalodella sterea (Gosse), S.Chromogasterovalis (Bergendal), A.Colurella adriatica Ehrenberg, S.Colurella bicuspidata (Ehrenberg), A.Colurella colurus (Ehrenberg), S.

Colurella hindenbergi Steinecke, S.Colurella mucronulata sp. nov., S.Colurella obtusa (Gosse), C.Colurella sulcata (Stenroos), R.Colurella tesselata (Glasscott), R.Conochiloides coenobasis Skorikov, R.Conochiloides dossuarius (Hudson), R.Conochiloldesexlguus sp. nov.; S.Conochiloides natans (Seligo), S.Conochilus unicornis Rousselet, A.Dapidia calpidia Myers, S.DicranophOTus prionacis Harring andMyers, S.

Dissotrocha aculeata (Ehrenberg), F.Dissotrocha macrostyla (Ehrenberg), A.Dipleuchlanis propatula (Gosse), R.Eosphora anthadis Harring andMyers, R.

Euchlanis dilatata Ehrenberg, C.Euchlanis meneta Myers, F.Euchlanis parva Rousselet, S.Euchlanis pellucida Harring, S.

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Euchlanis phryne Myers, R.Euchlanis triquetra Hudson andGosse, R.

Filina longiseta (Ehrenberg), F(usually abundant when present)

Filina longiseta var. terminalis(Plate), R.

Gastropus hytopus (Ehrenberg), C.Gastropus stylifer Imhof, A.Kellicottia bostonien8is (Rousselet), A.Keratella cochlearis (Gosse), A (mostcommon species in state)

Keratella curvicornis (Ehrenberg), F.Keratella paludasa (Lucks), C.Keratella serrulata (Ehrenberg), R.Lecane arcula Harring, F.Lecane aspasia Myers, R.Lecane climacois Harring and Myers, F.Lecane crepida Harring, R.Lecane curvicornis (Murray), F.Lecane doryssa Harring, S.Lecane jlexilis (Gosse), C.Lecane grandis (Murray), S (BrackishCreek, Bayboro)

Lecane hastata (Murray), S.Lecane hornemanni (Ehrenberg), R.Lecane leontina (Turner), F.Lecane ludwigii (Eckstein), R.Lecane luna (l\füller), A.Lecane luna var. presumpta var.nov., R.

Lecane methOTiaHarring and Myers, S.Lecane mim (Murray), S.Lecane nana (Murray), R.Lecane ohioe1isis (Herrick), R.Lecane pertica Harring and Myers, R.Lecane plesia Myers, S. (BrackishCreek, Bayboro)

Lecane satyrus Harring and Myers, R.Lecane signifera (Jennings), A.Lecane stichaea Harring, F. (commonLake Mattamuskeet)

Lecane stokesii (Pell), R.Lecane tenuiseta Harring, F.Lecane ungulata (Gosse), C.Lepadelta acuminata (Ehrenberg), A.Lepadella akrobeles Myers, R.Lepadella apsicora Myers, R.

Lepadella apsida Harring, R.Lepadella benjamini Harring, F.Lepadella cristata (Rousselet), R.Lepadella cyrtopus Harring, S.Lepadella dactyliseta (Stenroos), F.Lepadella latusinJ.t8 var. americanaMyers, S.

Lepadella ovali8 (Müller), S.Lepadella patella (Müller), A.Lepadella quadricarinata (Stenroos), R.Lepadella quinquecostata (Lucks),F.Lepadella rhomboides (Gosse), C.Lepadella 8alisburii Ahlstrom, S (LakeWaccamaw) .

Lepadella tn'ptera Ehrenberg, R.Lepadella venefica Myers, F.Lepadella whltfordi sp. nov., R.Lophocharis salpina Ehrenberg, F.Macrochaetus collinsii (Gosse), R.Macrochaetus longipe8 Myers, S.(Cathernis Lake)

Macrochaetus subquadratus Perty, R.Monommata grandis Tessin, F.Mon.ommata longiseta (Müller), F.Monommata maculata Harring andMyers, R.

Monostyla bifurca Bryce, .R.Monastyla bulla Gosse, A.11fonostyla closterocerca Schmarda, A.Monostyla cornuta (Müller),C.Monostyla crenata Harring, A.Monostyla elachis Harring andMyers, R.

Monostyla furcata Murray, C.Monostyla hamata Stokes, A..Monostyla harringi Ahlstrom, S (Brack-.ish Creek, Bliyboro)

Monostyla lunaris (Ehrenberg), A.Monostyla monostyla (Daday), S.Monostyla obtusa (Murray), R.Monostyla orndta Harring andMyers, S.

Monost}rlaperplexa sp. nov.; S.Monos.tyla quadridentata Ehrenberg, A.Monostyla stenroosi Meissner, R.Monostyla tethis Harring and Myers, S.Monostyla unguitata Fadeev, S.Monostyla whltfordi sp. nov., S.

", 92 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June

11938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 93

Mytilina trigona (Gosse), S (Pond,Morehead City)

Mytilind ventralis (Ehrenberg), R.Notholca striata (Müller), S.Notholca striata acuminata (Ehren-berg),S:

Notommata copeus Ehrenberg, F.Notommata pachyura (Gosse); S.Pedalia mira (HucLson),C.Platyias patulus (Müller), k .Platyias quadricornis (Ehrenberg),R.Pleurotrocha robusta (GIasscott), R.Ploesoma formosum Myers, S. (WhiteLake)

Ploesoma lenticulare Herrick, F.Ploesoma truncata (Levander), C.Polyarthra euryptera Wierzejski, A.Polyarthra trigla Ehrenberg, A.Pompholyx complanata Gosse, R."Proales doliaris (Rousselet), R.Resticula melandocus (Gosse), R.Rotaria neptunia (Ehrenberg) , R.Scaridium longicaudum (Müller), R.Squatinella mutica (Ehrenberg), R.Synchaeta longipes Gosse, F.Synchaeta pectinata Ehrenberg, A.Synchaeta stylata Wierzejski, A.Synchaeta tremula Ehrenberg, S.Taphrocampa annulosaGosse, S.Taphrocampa selenura Gosse, R.Testudinella lingulata Myers, R.Testudinella caeca (Parsons), R.Testudinella dentata Myers, S.Testudinelladieella Myers, R.Testudlnella dlscoldea sp. nov., R.Testudinella incisa (Ternetz), C.Testudinella parva (Ternetz), F.Testudinella parva var.' bidentata(Ternetz ), R.

Testudinella patina (Hermann) , F.Testudinella reflexa (Gosse), C.Trichocerca (Diurella) bidens (Lucks),S.

Trichocerca (Diurella) braehyura(Gosse), F.

Trichoeera (Diurella) collaris (Rousse-let), S.

Trichocerca capucina (Wierzejski), F.Trichocercacylindrica (Imhof), C.Trichocerca (Diurella) edmondsoni(Myers), S.

Trichocerca elongata (Gosse), S.Trichocerca (Diurella) insignis (Her-rick), F.

Trichocerca lata (Jennings), S (WhiteLake)

Trichocerca longiseta (Schrank), F.Trichocerca mucosa (Stokes), R.Trichocerca muctipes sp. nov., S.Trichocercamulticrinis (Kellicott), A.Trichocerca (Diurella) porcellus(Gosse), F.

Trichocerca pusillus (Jennings), A.Trichocerca rosea (Stenroos), R.Trichocerca (Diurella) rotundataMyers, F.

Trichoeerca (Diurellci) rousseleti(Voigt), A.

Trichc>cercascipio (Go8l:le),F.Tricho~erca(Di~rella) similis (Wier-zejski) ::,Diurella stylata Eyferth, A.

Trichocerca stylata (Gosse), S.Trichocerca (Diurella) suleata (Jen-nings), S.

Trichocerca (DiurP.lla) tenuior (Gosse),C. .

Trichocerca (Diurella) tigris (MUI-ler), F.

Trichocerca (Dilmiilil)tortuosa(Myers), S.

Trichocerca (Diurella)" weberi (Jen-nings), F.

Trichotria spini[era (Western), R.Trichotria tetractis (Ehrenberg), C.Trichotria tetractis var. caudata(Lucks), R.

Tripleuchlanis plieata (Levander), S(Brackish Creek, Bayboro)

1NEW AND UNUSUAL ROTIFERS

Anuraeopsis fissa var. navicula (Rousselet)

Anuraeopsis navicula Rousselet, ZooI. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 669;, 1910.Anuraeopsis navicula var. coelata de Beauchamp, Linnean Söe. Jour.ZooI. 38: 238, fig. 3, 1932.The chief distinction between var. navicula and A. fissa vera is in

the pattern of ridges and the tuberculate ornamentation on tbe loricaof tbe variety (A. fissa vera is but ligbtly stippled). Supposed differ-ences in tbe size and shape of tbe lorica between the two forms breaksdown when aseries of forms of tbe two are studied. Even the promi-nence of ornamentation is a very variable feature in this species, andhas been sbown to have little or no taxonomic value in tberelatedgenus Brachionus. I first encountered tbe variety in material fromParahyba, Brazil, and bave since observed it in material from Floridaand North Carolina.

Brachionus zahniseri Ahlstrom

AWstrom, Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 53: 2"56,pI. 25, fig. 1,2, 1934.Observed in several babitats in North Carolins, being very common

in freshwater material from Bayboro. It was rare in a sampIe from abrackisb creek at Bayboro in which Brachionus plicatilis, a character-istic brackish species, was common. It must therefore be tolerant ofhighly alkaline situations. Some specimens from North Carolina badthe lorica distinctly pustulate.

Colurellahindenburgi Steinecke. PI. 6, figs. 3, 4.

Steinecke, Schrift. Phys.-ökonom. Ges. Konigsberg i P., Jahrg. 57:90,97, fig. 4, 1916;Hauer, Verhandl. Naturwiss; Vereins in Karlsrube31: 72,figs. 11a~b, 1935..This small Colurella is closely allied to Colurella obtusa. The body

is more compressed and the toes are much longer. Tbe toes narrowrapidly, end in long, bristle-like tips, and are rather undulate.The lorica measures 63jJ long, 39jJ deep, and 27jJ broad. The toes

are27 JL long. ,Colurella hindenburgi was rare in a freshwater pond at Currituck

Sound (May 23, 1937).

", 94 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 95

Colurella mucronulata Sp, nov. PI. 6, figs. 1,2.

The loriea is fusiform and greatly eompressed from the dorsal view;it is irregularly oval in lateral view, rounded posteriorly, and pointedanteriorly. The lorica is ornJl'mentedwith a number of longitudinalridges extending thelength of the loriea. The first and seeond footjoints are relatively short and subsquare, the terminal joint is some-what longer. The toes are very long; they narrow rapidly to ex-tremely slender, drawn-out tips.

Total length 168,u; length of loriea 109,u, width 38,u, depth 48,u;length of terminal foot joint 12,u; of toes 40,u.

Colurella mucronulata was rare in a miHpondnear Pineola (June 18,1936). It is larger than any deseribed speeies of Colurella, and is theonly speeies pointed anteriorly. In side view it greatly resembles aLepadeHa in the same position. However, in dorsal view it is seen tobe a typieal ColureHa. Its pattern of ornamentation resembles Colu-rella sulcata.

Colurella sulcata (Stenroos).' PI. 6, fig. 5.

Metopidia sulcata Stenroos, Aeta Soe.Fauna Flora Fenniea 17: 166,pI. 2, figs. 27-29, 1898.

Colurella sulcata Harring, BuH. U. B.Nat. Mus. 81: 30,1913; Fadeev,Proe. Nat. Boe.Kharkov. 50(1): 9, fig. 9, 1925.This rugose Colurella is apparently widely distributed in the United

States in smaH numbers. It was observed from several loealities inNorth Carolina. The material I have seen of this speeies differs fromthe figure of Stenroos in the length of the terminal foot joint: Stenroos'figure shows this to be little longer than the other joints, but in NorthCarolina material it is twiee as long. Fadeev figures this specieswith along terminal foot joint.

Length of loriea 78,u, depth 31,u, length of last foot joint 15,u, toes 24,u.

Conochiloides coenobasis Skorikov. PI. 7, figs. 7, 9.Skorikov,Arbeiten iehtyolog. lab. Kaspi-Wolg. Fiseh.-Ver. Astrachan

3(5): 30, figs. 1, 2, 1914. .This speeies is eharaeterized by the ventral antennae arising from

a mound-like basal portion nearly as long as the antennae. The stalk-like foot is not partimuarly long, and on preserved specimens is mostlyretraeted into the body.

The mastax is of the maHeo-ramate type. The right ramus isslightly larger than the left. There are three slender, opposing teeth,

clubbed at their tips, as weH as a number of thfu, elosely erowdedaeeessory teeth in eaeh uneus. Length of trophi 34,u.

This speeies is elosely allied to Conochiloides natans. In the latter

speeies the unei formula is ~~ (length of trophi 42,u) in eontrast to ;~

for Conochiloides coenobasis. Conochiloides natans is also somewhatlarger in size, and has the ventral antennae free for their entire lengthand not situated on a mound-like basal portion.

Conochiloides coenobasis was observed in Murfreesboro mill pond.I identify the North Carolina speeimens with Skorikov's speeies onthe basis of the ventral antennae; Skorikov does not figure 01' discussthe mastax.

Conochiloides exiguus sp. nov. PI. 7, figs. 8, 11.

Size smaH, body pyriform with a long, stalk-like foot, longer thanthe body length on expanded speeimens. Ventral antennae joinedfor nearly their entire lengl;h. The mastax is of the maHeo-ramatetype. Rami are asymmetrie, the rightramus is slightly larger thanthe left. There are four slender teeth clubbed at their tips in the rightineus, as weHas a number of elosely erowded aecessory teethi the leftineus has the last tooth bifurcate, and possesses three other clubbed

. teeth as weHas a number of aceessoryteeth, Length of trophi 20,u.Total length of body and stalk-like foot 170-190,u.Conochiloides exiguus was eommon in Murfreesboro mill pond. It

is closely related to Conochiloides dossuarius. It is mueh smalleI' than1+1+3+

the latter speeies, however, and has the unci formula of -4-- in. +. 1+1+22+

contrast to the unei formula for Conochiloides dossuarius of ~.

The ventral antennae of Conochiloides exiguus are joined for even moreof their length than are those of Conochiloides dossuarius. All indi-viduals noted were solitary. No gelatinous tube was apparent in thepreserved material.

Kellicottia, genus novumBrachionid rptifers with unpaired oeeipital spines of unequallengths,

one spine being as long as the body proper. Lorica elongated conical,terminating in a long, thin posterior spine. Lorica somewhat com-pressed dorso-ventraHy. Mental margin unornamented, with a shaHowmedian sinus. Body smooth 01' lightly stippled.

96 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 97

Type species: Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott) = Anuraea longispinaKellicott = N otholca longispina (Kellicott).

Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott)Anuraea longispina Kellicott, Am. Jour. Micro. Pop. Sei. 4: 19, fig.,1879.

Anuraea spinosa Imhof, ZooI.Anz. 6: 470, fig. 2, 1883.Notlwlca longispina Hudson and Gosse, Rotifera, 2: 125, pI. 28, fig. 6,

1886.Occipital spines six: lateral spines subequal and quite long, the left

lateral spine somewhat longer than the right; intermediate spines quiteshort and needle-like; left median spine only slightly longer than inter-mediate spines, right median spine very long, being nearly half thetotallength of organism; spines are all very thin and taper to needle-like tips, margin slightly serrate. Mental margin elevated, truncate,with a rather deep U-shaped central sinus. Body proper elongate-conical, though somewhat compressed dorso-ventrally, tapers to avery long and thin posterior spine (slightly shorter than right medianoccipital spine). Body unornamented save for strengthening ridgesarising .£rombase of median spines.Total length (specimens from Lake Washington near Seattle, Wash-

ington) 625!L; length of occipital spines reading from left to right144-29-42-28Q-28-118!L; length of posterior spine 224!L, width of body56!L.

Notholca longispina has not been observed in material from NorthCarolina, although it undoubtedly occurs. It is a truly limneticspecies, found in temperate lakes in all parts of the world. It wasorigina11ydescribed from Lake Erie.

Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet). PI. 9, fig. 1.

Notholca bostoniensis Rousselet, Jour. Quekett Micro. Club, sero 2,10: 337, pI. 21, figs. 1-3, pI. 27, fig. 4, 1908.Occipital spines four: lateral spines short, recurved near their tips,

needle-like; left median spine much longer than right, anterior spinessomewhat serrate. Mental margin with a V-shaped central notchdividing the margin into two rounded lobes. Greatest width of bodynear the center, from which the lorica tapers rapidly to a rather longand thin posterior spine. Body in side view seen to arch dorsally,and both the posterior spine and the long anterior spine are curvedventrally. 8hort strengthening ridges arise from bases of median

occipital spines. Lorica is ornamented on some individuals with apattern of longitudinal striations made up of closely placed tubereules ;other specimens appear quite smooth.Total length 364!L; length of anterior spines reading from left to

right 26-144-44--24!L; length of posterior spine 118!L; width of body 52!L.Originally described from Boston, this species seems to be widely

distributed in eastern United 8tates, being reported from Florida toNew Brunswiek (I have seen it in material from Lake Superior). Itis widely distributed in North Carolina.

KellicoUia bostoniensis differs from Kellicottia longispina in its con-sistently smaller size; in having four anterior spines rather than six,and in different proportions between the spines; and in the shape ofthe body.The genus Kellicottia is distinguishable from all other brachionid

genera by the character of the occipital spines, which are not pairedas is the ease in a11other genera possessing anterior spines, but are ofunequal lengths. All speeies ineluded in the genus N otholca havethree pairs of spines, and are bilaterallysymmetrical, so that a linedrawn through tUen'l~dianbisects the occipital margin into eorrespond-ing sets of spines (Notholca japonica (Marukawa) = Pseudonotholcajaponica Matukawa 1928, = Notholca quadraspinata Myers 1936hasbut two pairs of occipital spines). The occipital margin of Kellicottiais never bilaterally symmetrical. No other genus of brachionids hasoccipital spines of such length as in Kellicottia.The family Brachionidae will include the following genera (some

investigators include a number of other genera in this faInily):

Family BrachionidaeSubfamily Brachioninae

Genus Brachionus (including Schizocerca)Genus Platyia8

Subfamily AnuraeinaeGenus Keratella (= Anuraea)Genus Notholca (including P8eudonotholca)Genus KellicotliaGenus Anuraeopsis

Lecane luna var. presumpta nov. var. PI. 7, fig. 1.The outline of the lorica is very broadly ovate, its greatest width

being about four-fifths of the length. The anteriordorsal margin isnearly straight or very slightly convex. The ventral margin has aconspicuous, U-shaped central noteh, rounding upwards at the sides.

". 98 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 99

The dorsal plate is broadly ovate, and somewhat truncate posteriorly;tbe ventral plate is oval, sligbtly narrower tban tbe dorsal; ithas atransverse fold in front of tbe foot. The posterior segment is smaHand rounded; it projects sligbtly beyond the dorsal plate. The firstfoot joint is distinct and widest posteriorly, the second truncate pyri-form. The toes are about a third of tbe total length, are paraHel-sided, and end in a distinct claw with a smaHbasal spicule.Totallengtb 165M;length of dorsal plate 121M,of ventral plate 128M;

widtb of dorsal plate 108M,of ventral plate 103M,of anterior ventralmargin 66JL; lengtb of toe witbout claw 41M;claw llJL.

Lecane luna var. presumpta is ratber widely distributed; I have seenit in colIeetions from a number of localities in tbe United States. I amealling attention to this variation by making it a variety. It hascharaeters definitely intermediate between tbose of Lecane luna andLecane papuana. Tbe nearly straigbt anterior dorsal m~rgin is similarto Lecane papuana, as is theanterior sinus in the ventral plate. Lecanepapuana differs in baving two projeeting lobes on either side of theeentral, anterior ventral sinus. Lecane papuana is subtropieopolitanin distribution,and bas not been found in the United States other thanFlorida. The record of Lecane papuana for Wiseonsin by Harring andMyers (1922) is erroneous, and probably refers to the variety. Thenew variety is proportionately narrower tban Lecane luna, has thedorsal plate nearly truncate posteriorly, and differs greatIy fromLecane luna in tbe. eharaeter of the anterior margins.

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j

Total length 112JL; length of loriea 86M,width of loriea 66JL, depthof ventral bead opening 18JL; width at posterior end of foot opening 22JL;lengtb of toes 35JL.

Lepadella dactyliseta is rather widely distributed in North Carolina.The only other Ameriean reeord is from Norfolk, Va. It has apparentlybeen overlooked by other Ameriean investigators .

Lepadella quadricarinata (Stenroos). PI. 6, fig. 13.

Metopidia quadricarinata Stenroos, Aeta Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica17(1): 165, pI. 3, fig. 2, 1898; Lucks, Rotatorienfauna Westpreuszens,p. 121, fig. 41, 1912.

Lepadella quadricarinata Harring, BuH. U. S. Nat. Mus. 81: 64, 1913;Hauer, Beiträge Naturkund. Forscb. Sudwestdeutschland 1(1): 143,pI. 1, figs. 6a-c, 1936.Harring (1916) in his review of the genus LepadeHaconsidered this

as a synonym of Lepadella patella. Hauer (1936) eonsiders it distinct.I bave noted tbis species as very common in a collection containingLepadella patella as welI, and tbe twoare always sbarply separable.Lepadella quadricarinata is proportionately wider, and has.more promi-nent andmore acute points at the ventral margins of the bead opening.Tbe four short dorsal ridges are always developed. The dorsal plateis always somewhat prolonged over the foot opening, and is truncate.Tbe comparative measuremen~ of Lepadella quadricarinata andLepadella patella from the same babitat follows:

Lepadella rhomboides (Gosse). pr: 6, fig. 9.This widely distributed Lepadellid bad a variant in Lake Matta-

muskeet in whieh the toes are much longer tban is usuaI. .Total length 141M,lengtb of loriea 95JL; widtb 62M,width anterior

margin 28JL; length oflast foot joint 17M,of toes 35 (-39)JL.

Lepadella akrobe1es Myers. PI. 6, figs. 10, 12.

Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 760, p. 5, figs. 13-15;1934.Tbe North Carolina material agrees very closely with Myers' de-

scription, except as regards tbe cross sectional view of the body. Thereis observable in sectional view not a single rounded dorsal elevation,but tbree distinct ridges. Observed in material from Lake Matta-muskeet and from agravel pit pool at Swannanoa.

Lepadella dattyliseta (Stenroos). PI. 6, fig. 6.Metopidia dactyliseta Stenroos, Acta Soe. FaUna Flora Fennica 17

(1): 165, pI. 3, fig. 1, 1898.Lepadella dactyliseta Harring, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 51: 547, pI. 92,figs. 1-3,1916; Hauer, VerhandI. Naturwiss. Vereins in Karlsrube 31:88, fig. 19, 1935.

Metopidia rottenburgi Lucks, Rotatorienfauna Westpreuszens, p. 127,fig. 48, 1912.

L. quadricarinataTotal length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. 1261'Length lorica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1001'Width lorica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801'Width at anterior end. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261'Depth föot groove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . 261'Length terminal foot joint ~. 91'Length toes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251'

Apparently tbis species is ratber widely distributed.

L. patella1051'861'611'181'241'

7.51'221'

", 100 JOURNAL OF THE ~1rTCHELL SOCIETY [June 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 101

Toes ahruptly diminishingto verylong hristle-like tips.

Ventral margins of heaa openingeonvex, with hroadly aeute di-vergent points.

Dorsal plate with four ridges.

Lepadella whitfordi sp. nov. PI. 6, figs. 7, 8, 11.The body is ovoid in outline;the greatest width is slightly anterior-

ward of the middle of the body i the body terminates posteriorly in abluntly pointed projection. Four low projections arise near the an-terior margin of the dorsum, expand slightly toward the center ofthe dorsal plate and gradually diminish in width posteriorward; inlateral view the dorsal projeetions appear as four ridges. The dorsalsinus is moderately deep and broadly U-shaped, the ventral sinus isdeeper and broadly V-shapedj the eollar is lightly stippled.The foot groove is narrow, and slightly flaring posteriorly. The foot

is relatively short; the terminal joint is longer than the first and secondjoints, but not so long as their eombined length. The toes are verylong; they diminish abruptly to extremely slender, drawn-out tips.Length of lorica 106JLjfoot groove 28!Ljtoes 42 (-47)JL. Width of

loriea at widest part 78IJ., width at anterior points, 30IJ.. Depth ofventral sinus 18IJ.; dorsal sinus 13IJ..

Lepadella whitfordi was rather common in a freshwater pond on thebeaeh at Morehead City (June 21, 1937). It was also observed inmaterial from Lake Mattamuskeet, and from a freshwater pond atCurrituck Sound. It bears some resemblanee to Lepadella xenica,but differs in a number of details:

Lepadella xenica ~l}) Lepadella whitfordiShape of lorica distinctly pyri- Shape ovoid, widest part nearform, widest anteriorly. middle.

Collar very prominent. Collar average.Foot groove suddenly flaring pos- Foot groove hut slightly flaring.teriorly. .

Toes gradually diminishing fromhase to hristle-like tips.

Ventral margins of head openingstraight with hlunt anteriorpoints.

Dorsalplate with one ridge.

MONOSTYLA Ehrenberg"Edmondson (1935) proposed the inelusion of Monostyla in the genus

Lecane as there have been several speeies deseribed whieh are definitelytransition al betweenthe genera. Lecane has twotoes, Monostyla onlyone. Several speeies have been deseribed"in whieh the toes are partlyfused. These are interesting evidenees of the derivation of M onostylafrom a Lecane-like aneestor, but they should not invalidate the genus

;jIia

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I.

f.'.:~~-,'te

Monostyla. There are nearly a hundred species of Lecane in whiehthe two toes are distinetly separate, and there are at least forty-fivevalid speeies in the genus Monostyla whieh always have the two toeseompletely fused into one. Combining these two large genera underone inelusive genus would obseure the marked differfmees betweentwo large groups of speeies, and would gain little. Lecane as previouslyunderstood is awkwardly largej why overburden it by ineluding atleast forty-five more speeies that ean be eaSily segregated? Fromboth the point ofview of utility (whieh taxonomymust always takeinto eonsideration) and in obseuring the natural relationships anddifferences between large groups of species, the inelusion of M onostylain Lecane is veryundesirable~

Monostyla ornata Harring and Myers

Harring and Myers, Trans. Wis. Aead. Sei., Arts, and Lett. 22: 403,pI. 36, figs. 1, 2, 1926.A few speeimenswere seen in material from Cathernis Lake (Aug. 12,

1937). This is the seeond reeord of this unusually ornamented speeiesfor North Ameriea.

Monostyla perplexa sp. nov. PI. 7, fig. 4.The outline of the loriea is br-oadly ovate; its width is about two-

thirds of the length. The anterior dorsal margin is nearly straight;the ventral margin has a shallow median eoneavity. No anteriorspines are present. The dorsal plate is broadly ovate and somewhattruneate posteriorly. The ventral plate is broadly oval and somewhatnarrower than the dorsal plate. The surfaee markings are limited toa transverse ventral fold a short distanee in front of the foot. Thelateral sulei are deep. The posterior segment is truneate and ratherlarge, projeeting considerably beyond the dorsal plate. The first footjoint is indistinet, the seeond joint is large and subeireular. The toeis long, nearly one-third of the totallength, straight and paralleI-sided,terminating in a fairly long elawwith two minute, basal spieules.Totallength 120IJ.;length of dorsal plate 72IJ., of ventral plate 79IJ.i

width of dorsal plate 67JL, of ventral plate 63IJ.; width of anterior margin51IJ.jtoe without elaw 36IJ., elaw 7IJ..

Monostyla perplexa was rather eommon in Lake Mattamuskeet.It is elosely related to M onostyla lunaris, but differs in so many detailsthat I am ealling it new. It is smaller in si21e,has quite differentanterior margins, is proportionately mueh wider at the anterior margin,

"102 JOURNAL 01<'THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June

I.,1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 103

and differs in various other details of the lorica. The toe is propor-tionately shorter and does not narrow near the basal spieules as isusually the ease in Monostyla lunaris.

Monostyla tethis Harring and MyersHarring and Myers, Trans. Wis. Aead. Sei., Arts, and Lett. 22: 405,

pI. 38, figs. 1, 2, 1926. .A few speeimens observed from a fish pond near Pleasant Garden,

N. C. Totallength 92JL, length ventral plate 69JL, width ventral plate57 JL, width anterior margin 45JL, toe and claw 25JL.

Monolltyla unguitata Fadeev.' PI. 7i fig. 5.Fadeev, Proc. Nat. Soe. Kharkov. 50(1): 9, fig. 7, 1925.

The outline of the lorica is broadly oval; its width is about four-fifths of the length. The anterior dorsal margin is nearly straight.The ventral margin has a broad, shallow, V-shapedanterior sinusbetween rather pointed lobes projeeting considerably beyond thedorsal plate. The dorsal pl~te is oval and narrower than the ventral;the ventral plate is more distinctly pyriform than the dorsal and wider;the transverse fold is very strongly marked. The posterior segment israther small and rounded posteriorly. Thefirst foot joint is indistinct,the second large and subtriangular in form. The toe is fairly long;it is slightly enlarged toward the posterior end; the elaws are distinctand quite long; The lorica is ornamented with a pattern of retieularareolations. .

Totallength 160JL; length of dorsal plate II Oll , of ventral plate 122JL;width of dorsal plate 881l, of ventral plate 95JL, of anterior margin 58JL;length of toe 30JL, of claw 14JL.

M onostyla unguitata was coIleeted in a canal at Swindell Fork ofLake Mattamuskeet. The North Carolina forms agree fairly weIlwithFadeev's figures. The' Russian forms are proportionately wider andsomewhatsmaller in size. The shape of the toes and claws and ofthe anterior margin is very sitnilar in both loealities, and are verydistinctive. This speeies Is closelyallied to M onostyla cornuta.

Monostyla whitfordi sp. nov. PI. 7, figs. 2, 3.The outline of the lorica is very broadly reversed-ovate; its width

is but little less than the length. The anterior margin of the dorsalplate is itbout straight or slightly eonvex; the ventral margin is slightlyeoneave; short anterior spines are present. The dorsal plate is very

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broadly oval and rounded posteriorly. The ventral plateis muehnarrower and oval in outline, .and is somewhat flexible. The loricais without surface markings. The posterior segment is large androunded; it projects withits entire length below the dorsal plate.The eoxae plates are fairly large and obtusely rounded posteriorly.

The first foot joint is indistinct, theseeond joint fairly large andsubsquare, projeeting slightly beyond the lorica.' . The toe is fairlylong; it is slightly enlarged toward the posterior end; the claw is fairlylong, acutely pointed, and has a median dividing line; two basal spiculesare present.

Total length 124JL; length of dorsal plate 76ji.,of ventralplate 88JL;width ofdorsal plate 691l, cf ventral plate 59JL, ofanterior IDargin 50Il;length of toe without claw 36JL, elaw 81l. .

Monostyla whitfordi was rather eommon in a eoIleetion from LakeWaecamaw (Aug. 10, 1937). It is related to Monostyla obtusa andMonostyla vastita. It resembles the latter in the general shape of thebody, but the toe is very similar to that of Monostyla obtusa. It isreadily distinguishable from either. of these speeies. I take pleasurein naming this species for Larry A. Whitford, the eoIlector of an thesampIes onwrnch this report is based.

Testudinella angulata Myers. PI. 8, fig. 4.

Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 761, p. 1, figs. 1,2,1934.Seen in material from several North Carolina sampIes. Total

length 133JL; greatest width 88JL; anterior margin 56JL.

Testudinella caeca (Parsons). PI. 8, figs. 1, 2.

Pterodina caeca Parsons, Jour. Quekett Miero. Club, sero 2, 4: 379,pI. 25, fig. 3, 1892; Rousselet, ibid. 7: 27, pI. 3, fig. 1, 1898.

Testudinella caeca Harring, BuH.U. S. Nat. Mus. 81: 100,1913; Carlin-Nilsson, Kung!. Fysiogr. SaIlsk. Lund Förh. 5 (Nr. 18): 8, fig. 17,1935; Hauer, Beiträge zur Naturkund. Forsch. Südwestdeutschland1(1): 147, pI. 1, fig. 1a-c, 1936.

Testudinella caeca var. lermaensis AWstrom, Trans. Am. Miero. Soe.51:249, fig. 6, 1932.Large examples of thisspeeies were fotind in a freshwater pond on

the beaeh at Morehead CIty. The anterior dorsal margin has but asmaIl, rounded median elevation, and the lateral antennae are exactlymarginal. The foot opening is shield-shaped' due to an extension of

104 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY [June1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIAFROM NORTH CAROLINA 105

the ventral plate overhanging the foot opening as a rudimentary footsheath.

Testudinella discoidea sp. nov. PI. 8, fig. 3.

The lorica is orbicular in outline. The anterior dorsal is but littleelevated if at all, except for a short median spine-like projection. .Theventral margin rounds into a rather wide and deep V-shaped centralliinus.The foot opening is wide and shield-shaped in outline; it is terminal

or nearly so.Length of lorica 1411-1,width of lorica at widest part 1271-1;anterior

points 601l.Testudinella discoidea wasobserved in material from Newport and

from a ditch with sphagnum neltr White Lake. I was uIiable to get

Testudinella dentata Myers. PI. 8, figs. 6, 7.

Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 761, p. 3, figs. 7, 8, 1934.Material which is probably referable to this. species was collected

in freshwater creek, north of Bath. It differs from Myers' descriptionin that the anterior dorsal marginis not notched; the mental marginis more markedly undulate with a wider median sinus; and the bodyis proportionately much wider. The lorica of the North Carolinaform is marked by longitudinal striations, very noticeable along thelateral edges. Total length 1271-1;greatest width 1021-1.

Testudinella dicella Myers. PI. 8, fig. 5.Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 761, p. 5, figs. 11, 12, 1934.The material I have seen of this species from North Carolina and

Florida differs in various details from the figure by Myers. Themental margin has a m:uch narrower median sinus, and the ratherflexible dorsal margin has an acutely pointed median spine.

Role•• illeTotallength.. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. 153)£Greatest width.. .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. . 751'Anterior points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . •• . . . . . . . . 50)£ (Fade •• )

120-150)£3D- 35)£

(Lucks)170)£55)£

Lin.ille, N. C.Total length.. .. . .. . . . .. . 167)£Length toes. .. .. . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. 50)£

Trichocerca (Diurella) edmondsoni Myers. PI. 9, fig. 2.

Diurella edmondsoni Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 830, p. 14,figs. 10, 12, 1936.This species is readily distinguished by the prominent, projecting

plate on the right side of the head. The material from North Carolinahad a very distinct dorsal ridge running from the forward side of the .head plate to near the posterior end of the lorica. Myers did not finda ridge on material from New Jersey. The right toe is about two-fifthsthe length of the longer left toe and is exceptionally stout. .

the few specimens seen into position to determine the shape of thetransverse section of the body. However, the body is not' flexed, ismuch compressed, and has no ventral ridge. The body is faintlyornamented with longitudinal striations.

Testudinella discoidea is not likely to be confused with any otherdescribed species. It resembles Testudinella caeca in the shape of thefoot opening.

Trichocerca (Diurella) bidens (Lucks). PI. 9, figs. 8, 9.Diurella bidens Lucks, Westpr. Botanisch-Zoologischen Verein 1912,p. 66, figs. 12-13; Sachse, Archiv für Hydrobiologie 9: fig. 3, 1914.

Diurella cavia Fadeev non Gosse, Proc. Nat. Soc. Kharkov 50(2): 151,pI. 2, fig. 2, 1927.Harring (1913) considered Diurella bidens as a synonym of Diurella

cavia, and various authors have followed this disposition. However,neither Gosse nor Jennings mentions anterior projections forD. cavia:in fact Jennings states, "This species is to be recognized by the vetysmalI, plump body, without teeth at the anterior margin of the lorica."Diurella bidens has adefinite tooth-like projection, quite symmetricallyplaced, on either side of the head. These cannot be considered mereplaits due to foldings in the head sheath. The head sheath is indis-tinctly separated from the rest of the lorica, and is provided with severallongitudinal plaits at which folding takes place when the head is re-tracted. The lorica forms an arc on the dorsal side, while the ventralmargin is nearly straight. The foot is situated on the ventral surfaceconsiderably in front of the posterior end. The two toes are aboutequal in length.

MorehendCity170)£112)£57)£

MilbllUmie Pond(Wake Co.)

144)£76)£56)£

Cucold Creele,Belha.en145)£96)£50)£

Canal.Fairjield

Length ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137)£Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . 92)£Anterior points. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/-'

106 JOURNAL OF THE MITCHELL SOCIETY (June 1938] PLANKTON ROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA 107

Total length 2501-', length body including foot 1431-', length left toe110J,t, right toe 40J,t.

Trichocerca (Diurella) mucripes sp. nov. PL 9, fig. 6.

The body is elongate and curved, forming an are dorsally. Thehead sheath is distinctly set 'offfrom the rest of the lorica, and is markedby a number of longitudinal plaits (probably nine). On the right sidethe anterior edge bears a prominent tooth. There is an indication of aridge. The foot is sharply set off from the body, is slender and tapersbut little;on the posterior edge is a proIninent recurved tooth-likespine. The toes are about equal in length, and about half as long asthe body.Length of body including foot 126J,t, length of toes 62J,t.This species was coHected sparingly' in a fish pond near Pleasant

Garden, N. C. It is closely related to Trichocerca tigris from whichit differs in its smaHer size and in the possession of the spine-like processon the foot.

Trichocerca rosea (Stenroos). PI. 9, fig. 5.

Fadeev, Proc. Nat. Soc. Kharkov. 50(2): 150, pL 2, fig. 6, 1925; Hauer,ZooLAnz. 94: 180, fig. 6,1931; AWstrom 1934, Trans. Am. Micro. Soc.53: 265; Edmondson; Trans. Am. Micro. Soc. 55: 220, 1936; Myers,Am. Mus. Novitates No. 903, p. 6, 1937.

M astigocerca rosea Stenroos, Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fennica 17: 146,pI. 2, fig. 1, 1898.

RaUulus roseus Jennings, BulI. U. S. Fish. Comm. 22: 341, pL XV,fig. 137, 1903.This species has been reported for Florida, Maine, the Adirondack

region of New York, and riow fromNorth Carolina, and will probablyprove to be widely distributed. In material from a canal at SwindeHFork of Lake Mattamuskeet, N. C., the lorica projects backward after'the origin of the foot into a definite spine. Specimens measure 290J,tlong for body including foot, with the main toe 1901-' long.

Trichocerca (Diurella) rotundata Myers. PL 9, fig. 7.

Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 903, p. 13, figs. 13, 16,20, 1937.Rather common in material from North Carolina. Specimens meas-

ure 125J,t long, with langest toe 401-' long.

Trichocerca stylata (Gosse). PL 9, fig. 4.

Harring, BuH. U. S. Nat. Mus. 81: 105, 1913; Fadeev, Trav. Stat.BioL duCaucase du Nord 1(2): 8, figs. 6-8,1926.

Monocerca stylata Gosse, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., sero 2,8: 199, 1851.Rattulus stylatus Jennings, BulL U. S. Fish Comm. 22: 338, pL 10,figs. 92-94, 1903.This species appears to be rather widely distributed. I have seen

material from Parahyba, Brazil, Lake Xochimilco near Mexico City,as weH as Swannanoa, N. C. The head is always thrown into a largenumber of plaits;the body is plump and somewhat Qonical-shaped;the main substYle is usuaHy closely appressed along the short toe, sothat its length is indeterminable. Jennings (1903) mentions that itInight be as long as one-half the length 6f the main toe; Fadeev (1926)figures it as being about half as long. It is likely that Diurella inermis(LindI.) is a synonym of this species.Length of lorica and foot 170J,t, depth 71J,t, toe 5~1-'.

Trichocerca (Diurella) tortuosa Myers. PL 9, fig, 3.

Diurella tortuosa Myers, Am. Mus. Novitates No. 830, p, 15, figs. 14,17, 1936.The material from Rockfish, North Carolina, has the lorica but little

twisted, and is rather straight on the ventral surface. ltowever, it isobviously referable to this species.Length body including foot 156J,t, length left toe 80J,t, right toe 38J,t.

Los ANGELES, CAL.

REFERENCES

AHLSTROM,E. H. 1934. Rotatoria of Florida. Trans. Amer. Miero. Soe. 63:251-266.

EDMONDSON,W. T. 1935. Some Rotatoria from Arizona. Trans. Amer. Miero.Soe. 64: 301-306.1936. N ew Rotatoria from New England and New Brunswiek. Trans.Amer. Miero. Soe. 66: 214-222.

HARRING,H. K. 1913. Synopsis oftbe Rotatoria. BuILU. S. Nat. Mus. No. 81,226 pp.1914. A list of tbe Rotatoria of Wasbington and vieinity, with deserip-tions of a new genus and ten new speeies. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. 46:387-405.1916. Arevision of the rotatorian genera Lepadella and Lophochariswith deseriptions of five new speeies. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. 61:527-568. .

PLATE6

Fig. 1. Colurella mucronulata sp. nov., lateral view.Fig. 2. Colurella mucronulata sp. nov., ventral view.Fig. 3. Colurella hindenburgi Steinecke, lateral view.

HARRING,H. K., ANDMYERS,F. J. 1922. The Rotifer Fauna of Wisconsin.I. A review of the centra1 group of the Notammatids. Trans. Wis,Acad. Sei., Arts, and Lett. 20: 553-662.1924. H. Arevision of the notommatid rotifers, exclusive of theDicranophorinae. Trans. Wis.Acad. ScL,Arts, and Lett. 21:415-549.1926. !II. Arevision of the genera Lecane and Monostyla. Trans.Wis. Acad. ScL, Arts, and Lett. 22: 315-423. -1928. IV. The Dicranophorinae. Trans. Wis. Acad. ScL, Arts, and.Lett. 23: 667-808.

HAUER,J, 1924. Zur Kenntnis des Rotatorien~genus Colurella Bory de St.m; Vincent. Zoo!. Anz. 69: 177-189.JENNINGS,H. S. 1900. Rotatoria of the United States, with special reference

to those of the Great Lakes. Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1899:67-104.1903. A Monograph of the Rattulidae. BuH. U. S. Fish Comm. 22:273-352.

MYERs,F. J. 1930. The rotifer fauna of Wisconsin V. The genera Euchlaniaand Monommata. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sei., Arts, and Lett. 26: 353-413.1931. The distribution of Rotifera on Mt. Desert Island (Me.). Am.Mus. Novitates No. 494.1933A. 11. NewNotommatidae of the genera Notommata and Proales.Am. Mus. Novitates No. 659.1933B. !II. New Notommatidae of the genera Pleurotrocha, Lindia,Eothina, Proalinopsis, and Encentrum. Am. Mus. Nov. No. 660.1934A. IV. New Notommatidae of the genus Cephalodella. Am.Mus. Nov. No. 699.1934B. V. A newspecies ofSynchaetidae and new speciesofAsplanch-nidae, Trichocercidae, and Brachionidae. Am. Mus. Nov. No. 700.1934C. VI. New Brachionidae of. the genus Lepadella. Am. Mus.Nov. No. 760.. .1934D. VII. New TestudineIlidae of the genus7'estudinella llnd anew species of Brachionidae of the genus Trichotria. Am. Mus. Nov.No. 761.1936A.Psammolittoral rotifers of Lenape and Union Lakes, NewJersey. Am. Mus. Nov. No. 830.1936B. Three new brackish water and one new marine species ofRotatoria. Trans. Amer. Micro. Soc. 66:428-432.1937. Rotifera fromthe Adirondack region of New York. Am. Mus.Nov. No. 903.

ROUSSELET,C. F. 1908. Note on the Rotatorian fauna of Boston, with descrip-tion ofNotholca bostoniensis n. sp. Jour. Quekett Micro. Club, sero2,10: 335-340.

WHlTFORD,L. A. 1936. New and little known Algae from North Carolina.Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. 62: 93-98. PLATE9.

Fig. 1. Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet), dorsal view.Fig. 2. Trichocerca edmondsoni Myers, lateral view.Fig. 3. Trichocerca tortuosa Myers, lateral view.Fig.4. Trichocerca stylata (Gosse), lateral view.

PLATE7Fig. 1. Lecane luna var. presumpta nov. var., ventral view.Fig. 2. Monostyla whitfordi sp. nov., dorsal view.Fig. 3. Monostyla whitfordi sp. nOV., ventral view.Fig. 4. Monostyla perplexa sp. nov., ventral view.Fig. 5. Monostyla unguitata Fadeev, ventral view.Fig. 6. Monostyla cornuta (Müller), ventral view.Fig. 7. Conochiloides coenobasis Skorikov, lateral view.Fig. 8. Conochiloides exiguus sp. nov., lateral viewj specimen partly contracted.Fig. 9. Conochiloides coenobasis Skorikov, trophi.Fig. 10. Conochiloides natans (Seligo), trophi.Fig. 11. Conochiloides exiguus sp. nov., trophi.Fig. 12. Conochiloides dossuarius (Hudson), trophi (based upon a sketch fur-

nished by Frank J. Myers).

109PL.A.N.KTONROTATORIA FROM NORTH CAROLINA

Fig. 4. Colurella hindenburgi Steinecke, dorsal view.Fig. 5. Colurella sulcata (Stenroos), lateral view.Fig. 6. Lepadella dactyliseta (Stenroos), ventral view.Fig. 7. Lepadella whitfordi sp. nov., ventral view.Fig. 8. Lepadella whitfordi sp. nov., dorsal view.Fig. 9. -Lepadella rhomboides (Gosse), dorsal view.Fig. 10. Lepadella akrobeles Myers, dorsal view.Fig. 11. Lepadella whitfordi sp. nov., cross section of body.Fig. 12. Lepadella akrobeles Myers, cross section of body.Fig. 13. Lepadella quadricarinata (Stenroos), dorsal view.

1938]

PLATE8Fig. 1. Testudinella caeca (Parsons), ventral view, specimen from Cucold Creek,

Belhaven. .Fig. 2. Testudinella caeca (Parsons), ventral view, specimen from pool at More-

head City.Fig. 3. Testudinella discoidea sp. nov., ventral view.Fig. 4. Testudinella angulata Myers, ventral view.Fig. 5. Testudinella dicella Myers, ventral view.Fig. 6. Testudinella dentata Myers, ventral view.Fig. 7. Testudinella dentata Myers, lateral view.Fig. 8. Testudinella parva (Ternetz), ventral view.Fig. 9. Testudinella incisa (Ternetz), ventral view.Fig. 10. Testudinella reflexa (Gosse), ventral view.Fig. 11. Testudinella parva var. bidentata (Ternetz), ventral view.

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Fig. 5. Trichocerca rosea (Stenroos), lateral view.Fig. 6. Trichocerca mucripes sp. nov., lateral view.Fig. 7. Trichocerca rotundata Myers, lateral view.Fig. 8. Trichocerca bidens (Lucks);lateräl view.Fig. 9. Trichocerca bidens (Lucks), view of head sheath from above.

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