AIDS in the Developing AIDS in the Developing WorldWorld

DevelopmentDevelopment

Heterosexual transmission is dominant form in Heterosexual transmission is dominant form in developing worlddeveloping world

Mother-to-child transmission much more common Mother-to-child transmission much more common than in industrialized nationsthan in industrialized nations

- Can be transmitted in breast milk- Can be transmitted in breast milk

- Roughly 42% of mothers pass on the disease to - Roughly 42% of mothers pass on the disease to childchild

Homosexual transmission relatively common in Homosexual transmission relatively common in Southeast Asia, South America, & Central AmericaSoutheast Asia, South America, & Central America

- Rare in Africa- Rare in Africa HIV/AIDS can also be spread from intravenous drug HIV/AIDS can also be spread from intravenous drug

use and contaminated blooduse and contaminated blood

Who develops it?Who develops it?

Women and children Women and children have highest riskhave highest risk- Due to anemia or Due to anemia or

hemorrhage during hemorrhage during pregnancy/childbirth.pregnancy/childbirth.

- Malarial anemiaMalarial anemia Most develop HIV-1Most develop HIV-1

- HIV-2 does occur, HIV-2 does occur, but rare outside of but rare outside of West AfricaWest Africa

Signs of diseaseSigns of disease Major signsMajor signs

- Weight loss- Weight loss

- More than 10% of body - More than 10% of body weightweight

- Chronic diarrhea- Chronic diarrhea

- Longer than one month- Longer than one month

- Prolonged fever - Prolonged fever

- Longer than one month- Longer than one month Minor signsMinor signs

- Persistent cough- Persistent cough

- Generalized pruntic - Generalized pruntic dermatitis dermatitis

- Chronic progressive herpes- Chronic progressive herpes

Pruntic dermatitis

Impact of AIDSImpact of AIDS Social impactSocial impact

- By 2000, more than 10 million By 2000, more than 10 million children orphanedchildren orphaned

- 5 million annual deaths by 5 million annual deaths by 20102010

- Increased childhood mortalityIncreased childhood mortality- Will heighten cultural Will heighten cultural

discrepancies between people discrepancies between people of rural & urban areasof rural & urban areas

- Cause new developments in Cause new developments in long term behavioral and long term behavioral and cultural normscultural norms

- Will further urbanization Will further urbanization and total population and total population growthgrowth

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact Resource scarcity causes greater poverty in Resource scarcity causes greater poverty in

resource-dependent areasresource-dependent areas- Greater poverty heightens risk for - Greater poverty heightens risk for

infectioninfection -Particularly in women & girls, due to -Particularly in women & girls, due to

prostitution prostitution- Can lead to food insecurity and - Can lead to food insecurity and

malnourishmentmalnourishment Households devastated by the disease are more Households devastated by the disease are more

likely to use firewood rather than electricitylikely to use firewood rather than electricity- Places greater strain on environment- Places greater strain on environment- Causes more land degradation- Causes more land degradation

Economic & Political Economic & Political ImpactImpact

LaborLabor

- High mortality rates will affect amount of available labor- High mortality rates will affect amount of available labor

-Can lead to lower output of goods and lower GDP-Can lead to lower output of goods and lower GDP

- Disease can affect highly skilled workers- Disease can affect highly skilled workers

- Lowers productivity & quality of labor- Lowers productivity & quality of labor IncomesIncomes

- Families will have lower incomes due to deaths or - Families will have lower incomes due to deaths or inability to workinability to work

- Will affect productivity and well-being of the economy- Will affect productivity and well-being of the economy Government financesGovernment finances

- Increased mortality rates will lower tax revenue and - Increased mortality rates will lower tax revenue and increase spending on health careincrease spending on health care

- High number of orphans will place demand on - High number of orphans will place demand on government to find government to find homes homes

What Can Be Done?What Can Be Done? AbstinenceAbstinence

- Fewer sex partners - Fewer sex partners effective tooeffective too

CondomsCondoms- Must be effective - Must be effective - Sexually active people - Sexually active people must use themmust use them- However, must be - However, must be truthful about condoms truthful about condoms to citizensto citizens

MedicalMedical- Keep health care safe - Keep health care safe & sterile to reduce & sterile to reduce possibilitypossibility

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