Aim: How did the idea of Manifest Aim: How did the idea of Manifest Destiny change America?Destiny change America?

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Take 3 min.

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What is Manifest Destiny?What is Manifest Destiny?

• Belief that the U.S. should acquire all the land into the Pacific Ocean and Mexican Territory.

• Fulfilling Thomas Jefferson’s idea that one day U.S. would become an “empire of liberty.”

• Name was created by John L. O’Sullivan, a newspaper editor.

John L. O’Sullivan’s quoteJohn L. O’Sullivan’s quote• “The American people having derived their origin from many other

nations, and the Declaration of National Independence being entirely based on the great principle of human equality, these facts demonstrate at once our disconnected position as regards any other nation; that we have, in reality, but little connection with the past history of any of them, and still less with all antiquity, its glories, or its crimes. On the contrary, our national birth was the beginning of a new history, the formation and progress of an untried political system, which separates us from the past and connects us with the future only; and so far as regards the entire development of the natural rights of man, in moral, political, and national life, we may confidently assume that our

country is destined to be the great nation of futurity. “

Americans headed west to…Americans headed west to…

1. Americans hungry for land

2. Seek employment and avoid creditors after Panic of 1837.

3. Claim land for farming, ranching, and mining.

4. Immigrants created a need for more space

5. Merchants and manufacturers believed expansion would create new markets.

6. New ports on the West coast

““American Progress” by John American Progress” by John Gast, 1872Gast, 1872

BLACK HAWK WARBLACK HAWK WAR

• Most Native Americans tried to maintain strong cultural traditions.

• In 1830s, white settlers in western Illinois and eastern Iowa placed pressure on Native American people to move west.

• Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk Tribe stepped in and refused.

• Eventually lost and had to move.

FORT LARAMIE TREATYFORT LARAMIE TREATY

• U.S. representatives called a conference to “maintain good faith and friendship in all their mutual intercourse, and to make an effective and lasting peace.”

• Provided various Native American nations control of the Central Plains.

• Native Americans had to promise not to attack anyone.

SUMMARYSUMMARY

• Do you think U.S. was justified in fulfilling Manifest Destiny?

– Why or why not?

SANTE FE TRAILSANTE FE TRAIL

• Santa Fe Trail– Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, capital for

Spanish Mexico– Trade route– Traded cloth, books, hardware for Mexican

silver coins, wool, animals

Oregon TrailOregon Trail

• 2,000 miles from Independence, Missouri to Willamette Valley in Oregon

• Treacherous conditions on the trail

• In 1859 Oregon became the 33rd state

Mormon TrailMormon Trail

• Joseph Smith

• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

• Traveled to present day Utah to escape religious persecution

• By 1860 dozens of settlements in the west

The Gold RushThe Gold Rush

• Largest single migration west

• President James K. Polk caused gold fever

• Mass migration to California of miners and businesspeople

• California Trail

• Cities formed (San Francisco)

Effects of Westward MigrationEffects of Westward Migration

• Railroad tracks ended use of trails

• Oregon Treaty – Treaty between Britain and US– 54 40 or fight!– Boundary at 49th parallel

• Pony Express– Mail service– Open communications

Manifest Destiny was used to justify an American desire to

1. limit the number of immigrants entering the country

2. control the area located east of the Appalachian Mountains

3. expand the United States to the Pacific Ocean

4. warn European countries against colonizing Latin America