aim: how was europe divided during the period of feudalism? do now: review quiz - chapter 8,...
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Aim: How was Europe divided during the period of feudalism?
• Do Now: Review quiz - Chapter 8, sections 1,2
• HW: Read Chapter 8, section 3 Extra credit do guided reading or focus questions
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Work in Pairs
• Map work, Peoples of Europe, 800-1100
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Summary
• How was European society affected by the creation of many feudal states?
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Aim: How did feudalism represent a response to
changing social conditions?
Do Now – Feudal Relationships – Do 1-3 on lined paper
• Underline and put notes in margins
• HW: Chapter 8, section 2
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Vocabulary• Feudalism – pledge of service in exchange
for land – decentralized system based on personal loyalty or bonds
• Fief – feudal grant, usually of land
• Vassalage – ties of allegiance
• Subinfeudation – vassals grant lands to their subordinates (their vassals)
• Benefice – grant of land/fixed term for service
• Homage – oath of vassalage
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Feudalism and the Manorial System
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Feudalism900s - most Europeans were governedby small, independent leaders in a systemcalled feudalism
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FeudalismLords granted land to lesser nobles (vassals)in return for loyalty, military assistance, andother services
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FeudalismThe grant of land was called a fief – vassalsdid not own the land but used it to maintain themselves and their household
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FeudalismA vassal could divide the land and grant it toothers, thus also becoming a lord
A vassal giving homage to his lord
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FeudalismFiefs became hereditary, passed fromfather to eldest son under a system calledprimogeniture
Charlemagne’s family tree
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FeudalismWomen only had limited property rights butretained control of her dowry if her husband died
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FeudalismLocal wars between feudal lords were common; large-scale wars were extremelydestructive
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FeudalismKnights wore chain mail or metal plate armorand were armed with a sword, shield, and lance
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FeudalismWars offered opportunities for glory and wealthfor nobles, but caused great suffering andhardship
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FeudalismThe church tried to limit suffering by issuing decrees that prohibited certain acts ofviolence
Medieval Monk, Bishop and Priest
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FeudalismFeudal justice was decided by trial by battle,oath-taking, or trial by ordeal
Trial by the ordeal of fire, where the suspect had to carry a bar of red-hot iron in his hands while he walked nine marked paces. In the unlikely event of no burns appearing on his hand, he was judged innocent.
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II. The Manorial SystemManors were self-sufficient farming estatesshared by lords and peasants (serfs) –manorialism shaped the economic structure
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A. Function
• Western Europe was much more rural than Eastern Europe
• Manorialism was the economic foundation of feudal society
• The “open field” system of medieval farming
• Origin and status of serfdom
• By 800 AD, nearly 60% of western Europe was enserfed
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II. The Manorial SystemSerfs farmed the land and gave crops, services, loyalty, and taxes to the lord
Serfs paying annual taxes to their lord in cash and with livestock
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II. The Manorial SystemThe life span of a serf was short due to disease, starvation, and war; upper class lives were not luxurious
Humans by Era
Neanderthal 20
Upper Paleolithic 33
Neolithic 20
Bronze Age 18
Classical Greece 28
Classical Rome 28
Medieval Britain 33
End of 19th Century Western Europe
37
Current world average
66.12
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B. Life in a Medieval Village
• Living conditions of the serfs
• Striking lack of privacy for family members
• Variety of dietary options for peasants
• The central role of bread in the peasant diet—80% of caloric content
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B. Life in a Medieval Village (cont)
• Center of manorial life was the village church
• Village church services• Life was short and
frightening for village peasants
• Village life was strictly hierarchical
• Village life was also very communal
• Village life was always very local
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II. The Manorial SystemMarriage was viewed as a means to advanceone’s fortune or the way a man mightacquire land
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II. The Manorial SystemBy the late 1100s chivalry had begun to bringmajor changes to feudal society
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II. The Manorial SystemChivalry was a code of conduct that dictatedthe knight’s behavior toward others
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II. The Manorial SystemKnights were expected to be courageous, fair,loyal, honest, gallant, and courteous to women