Aim:Aim:Summarize the Summarize the

developments of the developments of the Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method Revolution in scientific Revolution in scientific thinking developed into a thinking developed into a new approachnew approach

Called the Called the Scientific Method Scientific Method

Scientific Method is a Scientific Method is a logical procedure for logical procedure for gathering and testing ideasgathering and testing ideas

StepsSteps Begins with problem or questionBegins with problem or question Scientists form a hypothesis Scientists form a hypothesis (Assumption)(Assumption) Hypothesis is then tested in Hypothesis is then tested in experimentexperiment Scientists analyze & interpret Scientists analyze & interpret their data to reach a conclusiontheir data to reach a conclusion

Bacon and DescartesBacon and Descartes Scientific Method did not Scientific Method did not develop overnightdevelop overnight

Works of Francis Bacon & Rene Works of Francis Bacon & Rene Descartes helped advance new Descartes helped advance new approachapproach

BaconBacon Attacked medieval scholars for Attacked medieval scholars for relying too heavily on Aristotle & relying too heavily on Aristotle & other ancient thinkersother ancient thinkers Emphasized Emphasized Empiricism Empiricism (Experimental Method)(Experimental Method)Urged scientists to experiment and Urged scientists to experiment and then draw conclusionsthen draw conclusions

DescartesDescartes Believed that scientists needed to Believed that scientists needed to reject old assumptions & teachings reject old assumptions & teachings Relied on mathematics & logicRelied on mathematics & logic Believed that everything should be Believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reasondoubted until proven by reason

Newton Explains the Laws Newton Explains the Laws of Gravityof Gravity Mid 1600’s: Isaac Newton Mid 1600’s: Isaac Newton

helped bring scientific helped bring scientific breakthroughs under a single breakthroughs under a single theory of motiontheory of motion

Newton’s great discovery was Newton’s great discovery was that the same force ruled that the same force ruled motion of the planets, all motion of the planets, all matter on earth, & in spacematter on earth, & in space

Key idea that linked motion Key idea that linked motion in the heavens with motion in in the heavens with motion in earth was earth was Law of Universal Law of Universal GravitationGravitation

According to this law, every object According to this law, every object in the universe attracts every other in the universe attracts every other objectobject

1687: Newton published his 1687: Newton published his ideas in a work called ideas in a work called The The Mathematical Principles of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy Natural Philosophy

The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution Spreads Spreads Scientists developed new Scientists developed new

tools and instrumentstools and instruments 1590: First Microscope1590: First Microscope

1680: Leeuwenhoek used 1680: Leeuwenhoek used microscope to observe bacteria microscope to observe bacteria

1643: First mercury barometer1643: First mercury barometer

1714: First thermometer 1714: First thermometer (Fahrenheit)(Fahrenheit)

1742: First Celsius thermometer1742: First Celsius thermometer