aim: what are the major roles of the circulatory system?

Aim: What are the major roles of the

circulatory system?

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2

Mastery Objectives

To describe how the digestive and circulatory systems interact

To identify and describe the role of the circulatory system and its structures in the maintenance of homeostasis

2

How is the circulatory system connected to the

digestive system?The villi of the Small Intestine are lined with blood vessels to allow nutrients to be transported to the body cells!!

The Small IntestineThe Small IntestineThe Small IntestineThe Small Intestine

The Small Intestine

What words come to mind when you think of the Circulatory System?

5

What is the life process of Transport?

The absorption and distribution of materials into and out of the cell.

How does materials cross the plasma membrane of a cell?

Diffusion!!!

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What are the major functions of the

circulatory system?

7

4

A. Delivery of Needed A. Delivery of Needed MaterialsMaterials

Examples:Examples: Oxygen, Hormones, Oxygen, Hormones, NutrientsNutrients

4

5

B. Removal of Waste B. Removal of Waste ProductsProducts

Examples:Examples: Carbon Dioxide, Urea, Carbon Dioxide, Urea, Salts, WaterSalts, Water

5

6

C. Fighting DiseaseC. Fighting Disease White Blood Cells White Blood Cells

6

Heart

Blood Vessels

Blood

What are the three What are the three major structures of the major structures of the

Circulatory System?Circulatory System?

8

The HeartThe Heart

hollow muscular organ with hollow muscular organ with fourfour chamberschambers

Pumps blood throughout the bodyPumps blood throughout the body

8

Types of vessels

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

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Weird Scientific FactThe body of an adult contains over 60,000

miles of blood vessels.

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Arteries-Carry blood AWAY from the heart.

-Walls are thick and elastic

-Very muscular (blood is under high pressure)



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Veins

-RETURNS blood to the heart.

-Thin walled, stiff, and have LITTLE muscle (LOW pressure)

-Contain VALVES to prevent backflow of blood

http://www.bartleby.com/107/illus582.html

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CapillariesWhere arteries and veins connect.

The are microscopic (1 cell thick)

Materials are exchanged (diffused) through thin walls.

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Capillaries

ARTERYCAPILLARIES

VEIN


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BloodBlood

Contains RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and Contains RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and PlasmaPlasma

Transport substances to and from Transport substances to and from body cells/tissuesbody cells/tissues

16

CirculationCirculationCirculationCirculation

Circulation

21

Exit Slip/Summarizer

Match the characteristic or phrase to the correct circulatory system term/phrase that it describes

21

Blood vesselsBlood vessels

Blood Blood vesselsvessels

How does the circulatory How does the circulatory system help maintain system help maintain

homeostasis?homeostasis?Transporting nutrients and oxygen TOWARD the body cells, while taking carbon dioxide and other wastes AWAY from body cells.

Structure Of The HeartStructure Of The Heart

Two AtriaTwo Atria: Upper, THIN walled : Upper, THIN walled chambers that receive blood.chambers that receive blood.

Two VentriclesTwo Ventricles: Lower, THICK : Lower, THICK walled chambers that force blood walled chambers that force blood into arteries.into arteries.

ValvesValves: Which prevent the backflow : Which prevent the backflow of bloodof blood

SeptumSeptum: separates right and left : separates right and left sides.sides.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.womensheartfoundation.org/images/heartgraphicHealthEdco.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.womensheartfoundation.org/content/HeartSurgery/state_report_cards_on_ohs.asp&h=455&w=345&sz=19&tbnid=j6aAF9CBzvMJ:&tbnh=123&tbnw=94&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dopen%252Bheart%252Bsurgery%2526start%253D20%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D%2526ie%253DUTF-8%2526oe%253DUTF-8%2526sa%253DN

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=anatome.ncl.ac.uk/tutorials/heart/images/page4a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://anatome.ncl.ac.uk/tutorials/heart/text/page4.html&h=400&w=457&sz=96&tbnid=8MKynbww9_QJ:&tbnh=108&tbnw=123&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dheart%252Bchambers%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D%2526ie%253DUTF-8%2526oe%253DUTF-8

2222

AORTAPULMONARY ARTERY

PULMONARY VEIN

2323

LEFT ATRIUMBICUSPID VALVE

LEFT VENTRICLE

2424

SEPTUM

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

RIGHT VENTRICLE

AORTA

2525

TRICUSPID VALVE

RIGHT ATRIUM

2525

PULMONARY VEIN

PULMONARY ARTERY

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

PulmonaryArtery

Aorta

RightVentricle

RightAtrium

PulmonaryVeins

Inferior Vena Cava

Superior Vena Cava

Septum

What are the three types What are the three types of circulation?of circulation?

•Pulmonary: between heart and lungs

•Systemic: between heart and body

•Coronary: between heart and heart cells

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http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=sln.fi.edu/biosci2/vessels/inline/body.gif&imgrefurl=http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/vessels/vessels.html&h=361&w=383&sz=39&tbnid=PHpi4G4fDP8J:&tbnh=112&tbnw=118&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dhuman%252Bbody%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D%2526ie%253DUTF-8%2526oe%253DUTF-8%2526sa%253DG

Pulmonary CirculationPulmonary Circulation DEOXYGENATEDDEOXYGENATED blood blood

leaves the heart from leaves the heart from the the Right ventricleRight ventricle into into the the Pulmonary ArteryPulmonary Artery and travels through to and travels through to the the lungslungs to get oxygen to get oxygen

OXYGENATEDOXYGENATED blood blood leaves lungs in the leaves lungs in the Pulmonary VeinsPulmonary Veins, , travels back to the travels back to the heart entering the heart entering the L. L. atriaatria..

LUNGS

LUNGS



Systemic CirculationSystemic Circulation

OXYGENATEDOXYGENATED blood is blood is pumped from the pumped from the Left Left VentricleVentricle through the through the AORTAAORTA to the rest of the to the rest of the body.body.

After oxygen is removed After oxygen is removed by body tissue, the by body tissue, the DEOXYGENATEDDEOXYGENATED blood blood flows through veins to flows through veins to either the either the Superior or Superior or Inferior Vena CavasInferior Vena Cavas to re- to re-enter the enter the Right atriaRight atria of of the heartthe heart

BODY

BODY

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pbskids.org/lions/words/images/feet.gif&imgrefurl=http://pbskids.org/lions/words/feet.html&h=195&w=195&sz=4&tbnid=sdP2spHQAkcJ:&tbnh=98&tbnw=98&start=5&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dfeet%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D

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Coronary CirculationCoronary Circulation

•Responsible for delivering blood to the heart tissue so it can have the oxygen & nutrients to pump and carry out cellular respiration!!

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.aa.psu.edu/div/mns/courses/bio141/card-img/fig-13_3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aa.psu.edu/div/mns/courses/bio141/s41card2.htm&h=424&w=550&sz=194&tbnid=S6GF4CAUewEJ:&tbnh=100&tbnw=129&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dheart%252Bchambers%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D%2526ie%253DUTF-8%2526oe%253DUTF-8

Why is the septum Why is the septum important?important?

It separates It separates oxygen POOR oxygen POOR blood (right blood (right side of the side of the heart) from heart) from oxygen RICH oxygen RICH blood (left side blood (left side of the heart).of the heart). SEPTU

M

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.hvsh.org/hvsh/cardiopulmo/img/beating_heart.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hvsh.org/hvsh/cardiopulmo/&h=240&w=224&sz=116&tbnid=-c5KXaE50T0J:&tbnh=103&tbnw=97&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dbeating%252Bheart%2526start%253D20%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D%2526ie%253DUTF-8%2526oe%253DUTF-8%2526sa%253DN

Path of Blood Flow (Pulmonary and Path of Blood Flow (Pulmonary and Systemic)Systemic)Inferior or Superior Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

Pulmonary Veins Lungs

Pulmonary Artery

Body

Aorta

Tricuspid Valve

Bicuspid Valve

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.hvsh.org/hvsh/cardiopulmo/img/beating_heart.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hvsh.org/hvsh/cardiopulmo/&h=240&w=224&sz=116&tbnid=-c5KXaE50T0J:&tbnh=103&tbnw=97&prev=/images%253Fq%253Dbeating%252Bheart%2526start%253D20%2526hl%253Den%2526lr%253D%2526ie%253DUTF-8%2526oe%253DUTF-8%2526sa%253DN

Regulation of the Regulation of the Heartbeat:Heartbeat:

A specific region of the heart musclelocated in the RA sets the rate atwhich it contracts (pacemaker).

-Systole: Heart Muscle Contracting

-Diastole: Heart Muscle Relaxing

The pacemaker is controlled by both the nervous and endocrinesystems. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

The HeartThe HeartThe HeartThe Heart

The Heart

Blood Three Functions:

Transport

Regulation

Protection

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Parts Of Blood Plasma

Cellular Components

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Cellular Components: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Description: Small donut shaped cells that contain hemoglobin and lack a nucleus

Description: Produced in bone marrow

Function: Transport Oxygen


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Weird Science factWeird Science fact

5 million RBC’s can fit on the head of a pin, and over 5 trillion RBC’s

are present in your body at any given time.



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Cellular Components:White Blood cells

Description: Large cells with a nucleus.

Description: Produced in bone marrow

Function: Defenders of the body.

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Cellular Components:Platelets

-Description: Much smaller than RBC’s and WBC's

-Function: Plays a role in blood clotting

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Plasma Description: Straw

colored, liquid portion of blood.

Description: comprises 55% total blood volume

Function: Transports Salts, proteins, glucose, amino acids, enzymes, hormones, and cellular wastes

What happens when we get a cut?

1 2 3

1. Break in the blood vessel wall.

2. Platelets collect in the open wound.

3.An enzyme reaction creates fibrin (thin strands) that create a network to collect RBC’s and clot the wound.

Blood clottingBlood clotting

Blood Blood clottingclotting

Parts of Blood:Parts of Blood:

The BloodThe BloodThe BloodThe Blood

The Blood

Normal Blood SmearNormal Blood Smear

CellCell ## RankRank

RBCRBC

WBCWBC

PlatelePlatelett

56 1

3 3

16 2

Patient 1Patient 1

Diagnosis:Diagnosis:CellCell ## RankRank

RBCRBC

WBCWBC

PlatelePlatelett

46 1

1 3

13 2

AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency virus

Patient 2Patient 2


RBCRBC

WBCWBC

PlatelePlatelett

47 1

3 2

1 3

Thrombocytopenia

purpurea

Patient 3Patient 3


RBCRBC

WBCWBC

PlatelePlatelett

109 1

2 3

26 2

Polycythemia

Patient 4Patient 4


RBCRBC

WBCWBC

PlatelePlatelett

17 2

20 1

11 3

Leukemia

Patient 5Patient 5


RBCRBC

WBCWBC

PlatelePlatelett

1414

47 1

4 3

2

Sickle-cell Anemia

Case History #6:Case History #6:

A 28 year old female complains of A 28 year old female complains of shortness of breath. She says that shortness of breath. She says that she is always tired and finds it hard she is always tired and finds it hard to complete day-to-day activities. to complete day-to-day activities.

What do you think her blood smear What do you think her blood smear would look like? – Include RBCs, would look like? – Include RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.WBCs, and platelets.

aim: what are the major roles of the circulatory system?

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