Aim#1: What are the scientific methods used for Research?

Textbook pages:

9-4-15

H.W. Complete lab safety poster- due Tuesday,September 8th Guided Reading Section 1-1- due Thursday 9/9

Essential Question: How does a hypothesis guide research?

1. What is Science?

2. What is Biology?

Biology comes from the Latin terms bios=__________________________________logos=_________________________________

Therefore, Biology is _____________________________________

However, we now know that living things interact with ____________________ AND ____________________

Therefore, we now study “________________________________”

3. What is Scientific Inquiry:

• Development of explanations and theories

• Based on unbiased observations and explanations

-How do you know whether to believe headlines like the one to the left of not?

-How do you know when to trust claims in advertisements, on tv, on the internet, in newspapers, or in a magazine?

- What makes something science-based?

-How do you know whether to believe headlines like the one to the left of not?

-How do you know when to trust claims in advertisements, on tv, on the internet, in newspapers, or in a magazine?

- What makes something science-based?

-How do you know whether to believe headlines like the one to the left of not?

-How do you know when to trust claims in advertisements, on tv, on the internet, in newspapers, or in a magazine?

- What makes something science-based?

Scientific Method songs

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPaGOHwv7mQ

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV8lSmIo4Ac (Nelly)

4. Ask a Question Observations vs. Inferences

You can observe a lot just by watching!

You can observe a lot just by watching!

Qualitative Observation-

Quantitative Observation-

Observations-Use 5 senses to notice surroundings

Inference- decisions based on observations

Descriptions, shape, color, etc.

Numbers and Measurements

Give an example:

Make at least 2 quantitative and 2 qualitative observations about the

picture below

Experimental Questions must be testable:

Which of these is testable?

Does God exist?

Does drinking soda make you fat?

How would you design an experiment to test this question?

Answer the following questions based on the picture:

• Are there cars parked on the side of the road?

• What color is the pickup truck driving in the road?

• Any minivans around?

• What does the blue sign say?

• What’s the speed limit?

• Are there any pedestrians on the road?

– Go back to picture and make 2 inferences based on your observations above.

YES

BLUE

YES

YARD SALE

35 MPH

NO

1. The boy is in the water.2. The weather is cold.3. The tree branch is

broken.4. The boy fell off the

branch.5. A goat is standing by the

pond.6. The boy fell off the rocks.7. There is a sailboat in the

water.8. The sailboat belongs to

the boy.9. The tree by the pond has

no leaves.10. There are three rocks in

the pond.11. The tree on the pond is

dead.12. If it rains leaves will grow

on the tree.

Observation vs. Inference

5. Form a Hypothesisand Collect

Data:

Educated Guess

Based on observations

~ If…then… (never a question!)

~ “If (Independent variable), then (dependent variable)”

~ “If (cause-I perform this action), then (effect-I expect this outcome)”

6. Controlled Experiments:

Control vs. Experimental groups:

Independent vs. Dependent Variables:

Constants (controlled variables):

What makes pill bugsan example ofa good experimental organism?

Look at each of the hypotheses below. Identify the independent and dependent

variables. Give a brief description of how you would test each.

1. If we add salt to soil, then plants will grow more leaves.

2. If we change the color of light, then a plant will grow taller.

3. If we increase the temperature, then bacterial growth will increase.

4. If plants are exposed to low temperatures, then there will be changes in leaf color.

5. If people are exposed to a high amount of UV light, then there will be a higher frequency of skin cancer.

Suppose you work for a Blabbit Labs, thedeveloper of many different pharmaceuticalproducts. Your research division has stumbledacross a new drug that you believe cures malepattern baldness. Before you can start selling thedrug, you must demonstrate to the U.S. Food andDrug Administration that the drug is effective.

1. What is the question/problem being asked?

2. Form a hypothesis for your experiment.

You design an experiment with 500 men who have been diagnosed with male pattern baldness. They are divided up into two groups, group A (men receiving the drug) and group B (men receiving a placebo).

3. Control Group-

4. Experimental Group-

5. Independent Variable-

6. Dependent Variable-

7. Constants-

7. Analyze Data and Report

Conclusions:

- Data Tables and Graphs

- Is your hypothesis supported or refuted by your results?

- Are there any sources of error

- Further investigations (good experiments will lead to new ideas, new questions, new theories, and new hypotheses)

8. Theory: • An explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations (evidence) and experiments over time

*What are some examples of theories?

9. Science vs. Pseudoscience:

• Imitate science but do not provide science-based explanations about the natural world

10. How do we know

information is science-based?

– Expand scientific knowledge

– Challenge theories and results (testable)

– Test claims

– Peer Review

– Uses metric system

11. Science in Every Day Life

• Ethics: moral values or principles• Ethical issues in science today:

*Exit Ticket:

• Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform an experiment by placing 10 mice in the microwave for 10 seconds. He then compared the performance of these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed to the microwaves. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse from food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away to get to the food. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice did the same.

- Identify:

– Control group-

– Independent variable-

– Dependent variable-

– What should Bart’s conclusion be?

– How can he improve this experiment?

– What are the ethical considerations in this experiment?

The Scientific Method in Action

• Do all scientific experiments occur in a lab?

– Field Studies

• http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/84E4BD2D-33C9-4973-9058-39F4C413E7E5 (Yellow Fever and Dr. Walter Reed)