‘in situ’ atmospheric monitoring in the ukscs06cp/02 cape.pdf · 2009. 7. 22. · symposium on...

Symposium on Air Pollution, Reading, 9 July 2009

‘In situ’ atmospheric

monitoring in the UK

J N Cape and colleagues

CEH Edinburgh


Overview

• High-resolution monitoring – EMEP

supersites

• Automatic networks (air quality

compliance)

• Non-automatic networks (spatial and

seasonal patterns)

• Application to modelling


EMEP Supersites

• Funded by Defra as ‘Level 3’ EMEP sites

• Two in UK –

at Auchencorth (20 km SW Edinburgh)

operational since June 2006

at Harwell (Oxfordshire)

operational since January 2009


Hourly frequency (or better)

• Gases

O3, NO, NO2, SO2

NH3, HNO3, HONO, HCl

VOCs

Hg (RGM, Hg0)

CO2, H2O, CH4

(concentrations and fluxes)

fluxes of O3, NOx, SO2

Auchencorth only

Not part of EMEP

Part of other UK network


1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

HC

l (

µg

m-3

)

01/08/2008 21/08/2008 10/09/2008 30/09/2008 20/10/2008

Date

20

15

10

5

0N

H3 (

µg

m-3

)

1.2

0.8

0.4

0.0

HN

O2

(µg

m-3

)

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

HN

O3 (

µg

m-3

)

5

4

3

2

1

0

SO

2

(µg

m-3

)

HCl

NH3

HNO3

HONO

SO2

1/8/08……………………………………….23/10/08

Hourly data


Hourly frequency (or better)

• Particles PM2.5, PM10

mass (FDMS-TEOM)

black carbon (PM2.5 only)

Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+

Cl-, NO3-, SO4

2-

Hg

Auchencorth only



10

8

6

4

2

0

Cl- (

µg

m-3

)

01/08/2008 21/08/2008 10/09/2008 30/09/2008 20/10/2008

Date/time (GMT)

20

15

10

5

0

NO

3

- (µ

g m

-3)

20

15

10

5

0N

H4

+ (

µg

m-3

)

12

8

4

0

SO

4

2- (

µg

m-3

)

Cl-

NH4+

NO3-

SO42-

1/8/08……………………………………….23/10/08

04-A

ug

11-A

ug

18-A

ug

25-A

ug

01-S

ep

08-S

ep

15-S

ep

22-S

ep

29-S

ep

06-O

ct

13-O

ct

20-O

ct

27-O

ct

bla

ck c

arb

on [g m

-3]

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.00.5 h average

black C

Hourly data


Weekly frequency (or better)

• Particles

Mass (PM10 and PM2.5)

Heavy metals (PM10 only)

TOMPS (incl. PAH)

• Precipitation

Major ions (daily, wet-only)

Heavy metals

PAH



Monthly frequency

• Gases

NH3, SO2, HNO3, HCl

fluxes of these gases

Hg

• Particles

Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+

Cl-, NO3-, SO4

2-

Auchencorth only

Not part of EMEP



www.uk-pollutantdeposition.ceh.ac.uk/emep_livedata


UK networks

• AURN – Automatic Urban &

Rural Network (operated for

Defra by Bureau Veritas)

96 urban + 25 rural sites

CO, NO, NO2, O3, SO2 (hourly)

PM10, PM2.5 (hourly & daily)

www.airquality.co.uk/networks_home.php


UK networks

• Automatic Hydrocarbon

Network

4 urban + 1 rural sites

32 hydrocarbons (hourly)

www.airquality.co.uk/networks_home.php


UK networks• Heavy metals

14 urban/industrial, 2 suburban, 1 rural sites

(NPL for Defra)

12 metals as PM10 (weekly)

10 (+4) rural sites

(CEH for Defra)

10 metals in precipitation (weekly)

10 metals as PM10 (weekly)


UK networks

• Toxic Organic Micropollutants

3 urban, 4 rural sites

(Lancaster Univ. for Defra)

Dioxins, PCBs and PAHs

• PAH network

18 sites (+ above) urban roadside, background,

suburban, industrial and rural areas

(AEA Technology for Defra)


UK networks

• UKEAP (UK Eutrophying and Acidifying

Atmospheric Pollutants) – under review

(CEH and AEA for Defra)

• Wet (bulk) deposition – major ions

30 rural sites (2 weekly)

• Gases: NH3, HNO3, SO2, HCl

Particles: Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3

-, SO42-

38 rural sites (monthly)

• NH3 – 95 rural sites (monthly) incl. 59 with NH4+


http://www.uk-pollutantdeposition.ceh.ac.uk/networks


Spatial patterns

HNO3 2007

Gaseous SO2

y = -0.0127x + 17.307

R2 = 0.38070.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Sep-9

9

Mar-0

0

Sep-0

0

Mar-0

1

Sep-0

1

Mar-0

2

Sep-0

2

Mar-0

3

Sep-0

3

Mar-0

4

Sep-0

4

Mar-0

5

Sep-0

5

Mar-0

6

Sep-0

6

Mar-0

7

Sep-0

7

Mean

1999-2

007 (

ug

m-3)

Temporal patterns

12 sites 1999-2007

SO2

Gaseous HNO3y = -0.0008x + 1.938

R2 = 0.0085

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Sep-9

9

Mar-0

0

Sep-0

0

Mar-0

1

Sep-0

1

Mar-0

2

Sep-0

2

Mar-0

3

Sep-0

3

Mar-0

4

Sep-0

4

Mar-0

5

Sep-0

5

Mar-0

6

Sep-0

6

Mar-0

7

Sep-0

7

Mean

1999-2

007 (

ug

m-3)

HNO3


Environmental Change Network

http://www.ecn.ac.uk/

Co-ordinated by CEH on behalf

of NERC and 13 other

sponsors

•12 terrestrial sites across UK

•NO2 (2-weekly)

•Wet (bulk) deposition (weekly)


CO2 / H2O

• Former CARBOEUROPE (EU) sites

still operating in UK

• Measuring CO2 and H2O

concentrations and fluxes

Alice Holt – Forest Research

Griffin – Edinburgh University

5 rural sites – CEH / NERC

(Caithness, Easter Bush, Auchencorth, Moor

House, Conwy)

Griffin

Alice Holt

Easter Bush


CH4

• No UK monitoring network

• Long-term data from Mace Head

• Tall tower flux measurements (Angus) –Edinburgh University

• Continuous flux measurement planned for Auchencorth (CEH)

• Historic CH4 concentration and flux data available from CEH

• New NERC research network for CH4 research (contact Vince Gauci, OU) – first meeting of MethaneNet in December


Use in modelling

• Statistical Lagrangian models

e.g. FRAME

(Tony Dore,

CEH Edinburgh)

used for scenario

modelling at annual

and whole-UK scale NH3 concentration

modelled vs. measured


Use in modelling

• Eulerian models

e.g. EMEP4UK

(Massimo Vieno,

Edinburgh University)

used for dynamic

modelling at smaller

temporal and spatial

scales


Auchencorth SO4

June 2006 (hourly)

0

5

10

15

20

25

01/06/2006 06/06/2006 11/06/2006 16/06/2006 21/06/2006 26/06/2006

time / hours

SO

4/ µ

g m

-3

EMEP4UK (Auch)

MARGA (Auch)

AMS (Bush)

EMEP4UK, Vieno, unpublished

Sulphate aerosol at Auchencorth


Heavy M

eta

l Netw

ork

Nitric

Acid

Netw

ork

Am

monia

Netw

ork

EM

EP

for th

e U

K

FR

AM

E m

ulti p

ollu

tant

Models

3

Dry d

epositio

n m

easure

ments

Aero

sol d

epositio

n m

easure

ments

Wet d

epositio

n m

easure

ments

Ozone F

luxes

Air Q

uality A

rchiv

e

UK

Critic

al L

oads

UK

RE

AT

E

Fre

shw

ate

r Um

bre

lla

Liv

e g

raphs

Data

By P

ollu

tant ( N

O x ,O

3,N

H3

Site

Info

UK Pollutant Deposition Portalwww.uk-pollutantdeposition.ceh.ac.uk

UK Network

MonitoringEMEP

Supersites

Process

Studies

Source

Receptor

Modelling

Deposition

Modelling

Deposition

related

links

Other links

CA

RA

AP

IS

SC

AIL

EC

N

Modellin

g C

oncentra

tion B

ased D

ep

Maps a

nd D

ata

‘in situ’ atmospheric monitoring in the ukscs06cp/02 cape.pdf · 2009. 7. 22. · symposium on...

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