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HIA of air pollution episode - Helen Macintyre 1

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HIA of air pollution episode - Helen Macintyre 1

UK Air Pollution Episode

March-April 2014.

2 HIA of air pollution episode - Helen Macintyre

Observations

3 HIA of air pollution episode - Helen Macintyre

DAQI (Daily Air Quality Index)

reached ‘high’ or ‘very high’ for

several days across multiple

regions in the UK.

12th March 14th 13th

28th March 29th 1st April 30th 31st 2nd 3rd

Observations

4 HIA of air pollution episode - Helen Macintyre

PM2.5 levels reached over 80 µg m-3 at some urban background sites.

Daily mean PM2.5 levels from Jan – Jun show springtime peaks (2011-15) at urban

background sites.

Observed daily mean PM2.5 at an urban background site during January-June from 2011 to 2015 inclusive. (Data form AURN via Defra website)

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01-Jan 31-Jan 01-Mar 31-Mar 30-Apr 30-May 29-Jun

PM

2.5

Daily M

ean

g m

-3)

London N. Kensington 2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

DAQI = 4:

‘Moderate’.

health effects

at 36 µg m-3

Mortality (all-cause)

• Analysed 12th – 14th March and 28th March – 3rd April.

• Total of 604 deaths brought forward due to short-term exposure to PM2.5 summed across the UK.

• Estimate that 302 of these would be expected due to more typical levels of PM2.5 (based on available measurements from urban background sites).

• Estimate a two-fold increase in mortality attributable to short-term exposure to PM2.5.

5 HIA of air pollution episode - Helen Macintyre

Observed daily mean PM2.5 at an urban background site during January-June

from 2012 to 2015 inclusive. (Data form AURN via Defra website)

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Figure 3

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10

Saharan Dust Storm Carried North towards UK 29th March 2014

London Bloomsbury make up of PM2.5 and PM10

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4

Daily T

ota

l o

f 999 C

alls

LAS Daily Total Number of 999 Calls March-April 2014

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4

Daily C

atA

In

cid

en

ts

LAS Daily Number of CatA Incidents March-April 2014

14

50.00%

55.00%

60.00%

65.00%

70.00%

75.00%

80.00%

85.00%

90.00%

95.00%

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4

LAS Daily % CatA Incidents Attended Within 8 Minutes

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4

LAS Number of CatA Respiratory Calls by Illness Types

Asthma

COPD

Hypervent

Respirat

Dyspnoea

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4

LAS Daily Cardiac Incidents March - April 2014

cardiac arrhy

cardiac arrest

cardiac chest pain

pain chest

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LAS Respiratory Calls

PM10 and PM2.5 Levels London Bloomsberry versus LAS Respiratory Calls March 29th to April 4th 2014

PM10

PM2.5

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y = 3.2x + 262 R² = 0.71

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S D

ialy

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irato

ry

%PM10 Saharan Dust

LAS Daily Total Respiratory Calls v. % of PM10 Saharan Dust March 29th to April 4th 2014

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y = 5.8x + 258 R² = 0.89

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PM2.5 % Saharan Dust

LAS Daily Total Respiratory Calls v. % of PM2.5 Saharan Dust March 29th to April 4th 2014

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999 I

ncid

en

ts

Date

Birmingham Ambulance 999 Incidents

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Yorkshire Breathing Problems