air traffic control & management-1

7/24/2019 Air Traffic Control & Management-1

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Air Traffic Control & Management

Air Traffic Control & Management

Roles of Air Traffic Management

Principles of Air Traffic Control

Hong Kong and Neighbouring Air Traffic Control Center

Air Traffic Control Technique

Difficulties and Challenges of HKATC

Qualities of ATC


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Managed by CAD, HKSAR Government

Mission - Committed to a Safe, Efficient and Sustainable

Air Transport System

Safety Business

DirectorGeneral of Civil

Aviation

Norman Lo

DeputyDirection

General of Civil

Aviation

AirportStandardsDivision

Flight Standardsand

AirworthinessDivision

Air TrafficEngineering and

StandardsDivision

Air TrafficManagement

Division

AdministrationDivision

Finance DivisionAir Services

Division


Air traffic control service

Flight information service

Alerting service

within the Hong Kong

Flight Information Region

(FIR)

total area of 276,000

square kilometers

extending over the South

China Sea

400

km

610

km


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Flight Information

ATISAutomatic Terminal Information Service

Arrival hotline 3141 2820

Departure hotline 3141 2705

Continuous broadcast of aeronautical information such as:

Weather

Runway

Available approach

NOTAM

Any other information required by pilot such as windshear andturbulence warning

Check before departure and landing


Aviation Weather Information

METAR Aviation routine weather report issued at hourly or half-hourly

intervals.

meteorological observation at an airport

METAR VHHH 040400Z 29006KT 9999 FEW025 33/26 Q1003NOSIG=

For flight briefing/planning

TAF Forecast, issued every 6hrs

Similar to METAR format

For flight briefing/planning


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Roles of Air Traffic ManagementAir traffic control service- A service provided for the purpose

of:

a) preventing collisions:

between aircraft, and

on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions; and

b) expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic.

(DOC4444)

Division of Labour

Aerodrome Control (Tower)

Terminal Control

En-route Control (Area Control)


Aerodrome Control (Tower) Clearance Delivery Control (CDC)

Ground Movement Control (South/North) (GMC)

Air Movement Control (South/North) (AMC)

Zone Control

Flight Information

Tower Coordinator

Supervisor

Assistants

Airport Traffic (aviation/ground vehicle)

Helicopter (Shun Tak Macau/Peninsular/GFS)

Hong Kong Aviation Club, etc


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ATZAerodrome Traffic Zone

CTRControl zone

Vertical limits

AIP, Hong Kong, AD 2.22 Flight Procedures


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Terminal Control Positions

Approach

Departure

Terminal Radar Control (West/South/East)

Flow control

Coordinator (mainly with Tower)

Separate traffic

(Hong Kong/Shenzhen/Macau/GuangZhou/Zhuhai)

Sequencing Delaying action



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Roles of Air Traffic Management En-route Control (Area) East/South/West

Procedural Control- Planner

- Derive aircraft position from non-radar sources such as positionreport, pilot estimate

Radar Control

- Executor

- Derive aircraft position from radar source



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Principle of Air Traffic Control

SafetyHOW?SEPARATION

Longitudinal

Vertical

Lateral

Time/Distance/Geographical reference

Distance/geographical reference

Vertical Distance

Actual theory is much more complicated !


Separation applies to:

1. Departure Traffic (90s and therefore departingsequence)

2. Arrival Traffic (2.5NM/3NM and wake turbulence)

3. All Terminal and Enroute control traffic

3NM

5NM

10NM

Boundary separation to adjacent FIR

In general, the faster the aircraft, the more separation


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Lets explain what they are doing with radar!



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Recap: Height, Altitude, Flight Level (FL)

Conventional Vertical Separation

1000ft below FL290

2000ft above FL290

Reduced vertical separation minimum(RVSM)

Reduction of the standard vertical separation required

between aircraft flying between FL290 and FL410 inclusive,

from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet

increases the number of aircraft that fly in a particular volume

of airspace

Above FL410, remain 2000ft


Flight Level Assignment Scheme (FLAS)refer AIP

En 1.8Waypoint Direction FL Available

NOMAN/ SABNO Inbound FL300, FL340, FL380

Outbound FL290, FL330, FL370, FL410

ASOBA Inbound FL300, FL380

DOSUT Inbound FL310, FL320, FL350, FL360,

FL390, FL400

EPKAL Outbound FL310, FL320, FL350, FL360,

FL390, FL400

IKELA Inbound FL280, FL300, FL340, FL380,

FL400, FL430

Outbound FL270, FL290, FL330, FL370,

FL390, FL410

KAPLI Inbound FL300, FL340, FL380, FL400

Outbound FL290, FL330, FL370, FL410


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Flight Level Assignment Scheme (FLAS)refer AIPEn 1.8Waypoint Direction FL Available

ELATO Inbound FL300, FL320, FL340, FL380,

FL400

ENVAR Outbound FL290, FL310, FL330, FL350,

FL370, FL390, FL410

DOTMI Inbound S0660, S0720, S0780, FL280,

FL320, FL360, FL380

Outbound S0690, S0750, S0810, FL290,

FL330, FL350, FL390

SIKOU Inbound S0630, S0810, S0890, S1010,

S1070, S1130, S1190, S1250

Outbound S0600, S0660, S0720, S0780,

S0980, S1040, S1100, S1160,

S1220

Some levels have special requirement to meet.

SANYAFIR

TAIPEIFIR

MANILAFIR

HO CHIMINH FIR

GUANGZHOU FIR

SINGAPOREFIR

400

km

610

km

Hong Kong and Neighbouring AirTraffic Control Center

ZHANGJIANGFIR


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Turn (lateral separation)

AB

Will they crash?

Distance A> B

Should be alright?

Not sure!!!1. Speed

2. Wind direction

3. Aircraft Performance


Turn (lateral separation)

4NM!! Loss of Separation


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Step (vertical separation)

FL350

FL340

FL330

FL330

CAL 075, Due cross traffic, maintain FL330, standby for higher,

traffic information: opposite way, maintaining 1000 ft above your assigned level

ANZ38, traffic information: opposite way traffic climbing 1000ft below you.

CAL075

ANZ38


Step (vertical separation)

FL350

FL340

FL330

FL330

CAL 075, clear of traffic, climb FL370

CAL075

ANZ38


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Speed Control (longitudinal separation)

30NM 30NM

Speed M0.78 +Speed M0.78Speed M0.78 -


Daily work:

Separation (safety)

Sequencing (orderly)refer to separate blank sheet

Short cut (expediting traffic)

Traffic information

Coordination


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Crowded/congested airspace


Many crossing traffic (overflight) vs HK

inbound/outbound

Multiple conflictions

Solution of one conflict can create another conflict

Summer weather (typhoon seasonweather deviation)

One country two system (metric vs imperial)

Waste of air space resources

workload


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Westbound 180- 359T 000- 179T Eastbound

Flight

Level

CREW

Select Fight Level

(FL) in feet

ATC

Cleared FL in

meter

ATC

Cleared FL in

meter

CREW

Select FL in feet

Flight Level

FL

Feet Meter Meter Feet FL

469 46900 14300 13700 44900 449

430

43000 13100

12500 41100 411

401

40100 12200 11900 39100 391

381 38100 11600 11300 37100 371

361 36100 11000 10700 35100 351

341

34100 10400 10100 33100 331

321 32100 9800 9500 31100 311

301 30100 9200 8900 29100 291

276 27600 8400 8100 26600 266

256

25600 7800 7500 24600 246

236 23600 7200 6900 22600 226

217

21700 6600 6300 20700 207

197 19700 6000 5700 18700 187

177 17700 5400 5100 16700 167

157 15700 4800 4500 14800 148

138 13800 4200 3900 12800 128


Many mainland China traffic & China military flow control

(Xiamen, Shanghai)

Limited usable flight level (published FL vs practical FL)

(FL410 for Airbus 330 fully loaded long haul flight?)

Too many airports in Pearl River Delta Region

(Guangzhou/Shenzhen/Zhuhai/Macau/HKIA)


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Qualities of ATC

Aviation knowledge?

Science stream students? Pilot licence?

Analytical

Good communication skills

Only language - English

Situational Awareness

Numerical

Problem solving mindset

Calm

Multitasking

Good memory Spatial orientation

Passion?

Qualities of ATC

Do you want to be an ATC?


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Bibliography

DOC4444, Procedures of Air Navigation Services, Air

Traffic Management, ICAO, 4thEdition, 2001

Aeronautical Information Publication, Civil Aviation

Department, http://www.hkatc.gov.hk/

Civil Aviation Department

(http://www.cad.gov.hk/english/cad_division.html#atmd)

END

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