結核 第94巻 第10号 2019年10月482

7 ） 伊藤邦彦, 吉山　崇, 加藤誠也, 他：アンケート調査に基づく結核患者収容モデル病床の運営上の問題点.

結核. 2009 ; 84 : 9‒14.

Abstract　[Background] In Japan, all sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients are admitted to the hospital for the reduction of risk of infection to the general public. For the reduction of the risk of hospital acquired infection, airborne infection isolation (AII) room has come to be used. However, current situation of AII room for tuberculosis in Japan has not been investigated.　[Objective] To clarify the current situation of AII rooms for tuberculosis in Japan. 　[Method] A questionnaire survey to the hospitals with beds for infectious tuberculosis under the infectious diseases control law (TB beds), hospitals without beds for infectious tuberculosis but with public support for AII rooms for the treatment of tuberculosis (model beds), hospitals with beds for infectious diseases except for tuberculosis under the infectious diseases control law (infectious diseases beds), and other large scale general hospitals. The number of AII rooms at each prefecture was compared with the number of necessary beds for infectious tuberculosis.　[Result] Among 196 hospitals with TB beds, 92 hospitals (47％) replied the survey. Among 80 hospitals with model beds, 32 hospitals (40％) replied. Among 264 hospitals with infectious diseases beds, 124 hospitals (47％) replied and among 1433 other hospitals, 123 hospitals (9％) replied. Among 1827 beds for tuberculosis in the 92 hospitals with TB beds, 1328 beds were AII rooms. Among 32 hospitals with model beds, 70 beds in 26 hospitals were beds in AII rooms. Among 124 hospitals with infectious diseases beds, 104 hospitals were with AII rooms and among these 104, 165 beds in AII rooms in 35 hospitals were ready to treat infectious tuberculosis cases. In 123 other hospitals, 31 hospitals were

with AII rooms and 35 beds in AII rooms in 7 hospitals were ready to treat infectious tuberculosis cases. 　In 2017, the number of sputum smear positive tuberculosis was 6359 and the number of necessary beds for infectious tuberculosis by prefectures was calculated to be 1598 and this number was equal to the number of beds in AII rooms where tuberculosis can be treated with reply to our survey. In 30 prefectures, beds in AII rooms in hospitals where tuberculosis is treated were more than necessity, but in six prefectures, the number of beds was estimated to be less than the necessity even after adjustment of the incompleteness of the survey. In the 92 hospitals with beds for tuberculosis, four hospitals were not treating infectious tuberculosis cases and 12 hospitals planned to stop treatment of infectious tuberculosis.　[Discussion] Although the number of beds for infectious tuberculosis in AII room is overall more than necessary, there are prefectural diversity and increase of stopping admission treatment of infectious tuberculosis cases among hospitals with beds for tuberculosis and with AII rooms is alarming. Discussion is necessary for the future of tuberculosis beds in AII rooms.

Key words : Tuberculosis, Airborne infection isolation room, Resource allocation

Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA)

Correspondence to: Takashi Yoshiyama, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA, 3_1_24, Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204_8533 Japan. (E-mail: yoshiyama@jata.or.jp)

－－－－－－－－Original Article－－－－－－－－

AIRBORNE INFECTION ISOLATION ROOM FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN JAPAN

Takashi YOSHIYAMA and Seiya KATO

結核 第94巻 第10号 2019年10月490

Abstract　[Purpose] To identify subjects with latent tuber-culosis (TB) infections (LTBIs), we used a contact investiga-tion at a mental hospital where many elderly patients had been admitted. 　[Methods] An elderly patient who was admitted to the mental hospital was diagnosed with lung TB. Considering the infected patient as the index case, we planned a contact investigation. Among the 157 inpatients who were subjects of the contact investigation, 120 were older than 60 years of age, and this cohort represented approximately 80％ of all inpatients. We schemed to perform the QFT-3G test on the younger inpatients and elderly inpatients who were over 60 years, rather than X-ray examinations for 2 years.　[Results] Of the 149 inpatients who underwent the QFT-3G test, the QFT-3G test produced positive results in 35 inpatients (28 over 60 years) and equivocal results in 12 inpatients (9 over 60 years). No subjects had active TB. We regarded equivocal results as those that were evaluated as negative, in reference to the previous papers1)2). The QFT-3G positive rate, which was obtained from the contact investi-gation, was compared with the IGRA positive rate by age group2). Depending on these consideration LTBI treatment was recommended to the inpatients who were 69 years of age or younger and had positive results. Finally, 14 inpatients

had received LTBI treatment, seven of whom were over 60 years. 　[Conclusion] We distributed equivocal QFT-3G test results and determined LTBI treatment indications in reference to previously published papers1) 2). The sensitivity of the QFT-3G test may decrease for elderly people; nevertheless, contact investigations that use the QFT-3G test facilitate LTBI screening.

Key words : Elderly people, Contact investigation, LTBI, QFT-3G, Previous TB infection, Recent TB infection

1Osaka Prefectural Tondabayashi Public Health Center ; 2Department of Urology, Hemodialysis Center, Takasago Seibu Hospital; 3Department of Child and Health, Fujiidera City; 4Osaka Prefectural Kishiwada Public Health Center; 5Neyagawa City Public Health Center ; 6Department of Infection Diseases, Osaka Habikino Medical Center

Correspondence to: Kakuyoshi Ohya, Department of Urology, Hemodialysis Center, Medical Corporation Okinawa Tokushu-kai, Takasago Seibu Hospital, 1_10_41, Nakasuji, Takasago-shi, Hyogo 676_0812 Japan.(E-mail: ohya_kakkunn@yahoo.co.jp)

－－－－－－－－Original Article－－－－－－－－

CONTACT INVESTIGATION USING THE QFT-3G TEST FOR ELDERLY INPATIENTS OF A MENTAL HOSPITAL

1, 2Kakuyoshi OHYA, 1Akiko NISHIDA, 1Amina KATSUKI, 1, 3Yuri OKUNO, 1Kyoko TERADA, 1Hiroko ICHIKI, 1, 4Harumi KANAMORI, 1, 5Masaya MIYAZONO,

1Hitomi NAGAI, and 6Takayuki NAGAI

Paradoxical Response in Skin /K.Ozaki et al. 495

2 ） Smith H: Paradoxical responses during the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. J Infect. 1987 ; 15 : 1‒3.

3 ） 佐藤　博, 大泉耕太郎, 本宮雅吉, 他：強力化学療法に伴う胸部レ線像の悪化例について. 結核. 1982 ; 57 : 425‒427.

4 ） 浦上栄一：結核の悪化 , 鑑別診断a)初期悪化 . 結核 . 1982 ; 57 : 544‒548.

5 ） 松山崇弘, 貞村ゆかり, 川端隆史, 他：粟粒結核治療中に出現した結核性外側広筋膿瘍の 1例. 日呼会誌.2010 ; 48 : 702‒705.

6 ） 新実彰男, 山本孝吉, 倉沢卓也：抗結核化学療法開始後の頭蓋内結核腫の悪化について 自験例および本

邦報告例の検討と考察. 日胸疾会誌. 1989 ; 27 : 1300‒1308.

7 ） Morioka H, Matsumoto S, Kojima E, et al.: Paradoxical Infarct in Tuberculous Meningitis: A Case Report. Inter Med. 2012 ; 51 : 949‒951.

8 ） 岡林　賢, 西尾和三, 会田信治, 他：化学療法中に肝脾膿瘍の出現を認めた粟粒結核の1例. 結核. 2015 ; 90 :

671‒675. 9 ） 平澤康孝, 寺田二郎, 河野千代子, 他：初期悪化を繰り

返した結核性髄膜炎・粟粒結核の1例―脳MRIと胸部CTの比較―. 日呼吸誌. 2016 ; 5 : 326‒330.

10） 幸田敬悟, 榎本泰典, 大前美奈子, 他：真性皮膚結核が先行した粟粒結核の1例. 結核. 2016 ; 91 : 59‒63.

11） Gelb AF, Leffler C, Brewin A, et al.: Miliary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1973 ; 108 : 1327‒1333.

12） 青柳昭雄 , 河合　健 , 山田幸寛：粟粒結核 . 最新医学. 1976 ; 31 : 1484‒1488.

13） 寺尾一郎, 田野崎隆二, 藤野忠彦, 他：皮膚病変を伴った粟粒結核症の1症例. 結核. 1990 ; 65 : 821‒825.

14） Mert A, Bilir M, Ozturk R, et al.: Tuberculous subcutaneous abscesses developing during miliary tuberculosis therapy. Scand J Infect Dis. 2000 ; 32 : 37‒40.

15） 今村貞夫：皮膚結核. 日本臨床. 1998 ; 56 : 3144‒3147. 16） Barbagallo J, Tager P, Ingleton R, et al.: Cutaneous

tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002 ; 3 : 319‒328.

Abstract　A 76-year-old woman visited a local hospital for the management of refractory skin eruption. She was diagnosed as having miliary tuberculosis with cutaneous tuberculosis, and prescribed anti-tuberculous drugs. No resistance was found in the drug sensitivity test for the bacilli, and both lung and skin lesions were once improved. However, skin lesions were recurred despite of continuation of the treatment, and she was referred and admitted to our hospital. Subcutaneous nodules and abscesses were observed, and acid-fast bacilli smear and TB-PCR for the specimen from abscess were positive, but culture was negative. It was considered to be a temporary deterioration due to paradoxical response (caused by local allergic reaction to Mycobacterium

tuberculosis component (dead bacteria) during treatment for tuberculosis), and the skin lesions were improved by continuation of the anti-tuberculous drugs without any changing the medication. Even after that, multiple skin lesions developed and all specimens from the lesions were

positive for acid-fast bacilli smear, but negative for culture, indicating that no viable bacteria were present. All lesions were improved only by continuation of the anti-tuberculous drugs. We reported a rare case of miliary tuberculosis who developed recurrence of cutaneous tuberculosis due to paradoxical response.

Key words : Cutaneous tuberculosis, Miliary tuberculosis, Paradoxical response

Department of 1Internal Medicine, 2Respiratory Medicine, 3Dermatology, and 4Pathology, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital

Correspondence to: Kazumi Nishio, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Ida Hospital, 2_27_1, Ida, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 211_0035 Japan. (E-mail: nishio-k@city.kawasaki.jp)

－－－－－－－－Case Report－－－－－－－－

A CASE OF MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS PRESENTING WITH TEMPORARY WORSENING OF SKIN LESIONS

DURING ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT

1Koichi OZAKI, 2Hanako HASEGAWA, 2Ryosuke ARAI, 2Kenichi ARAKAWA, 2Yasushi NAKANO, 2Junko KAGYO, 3Misao RYUJIN, 4Toshihito SHINAGAWA,

4Wenlin DU, and 2Kazumi NISHIO

結核 第94巻 第10号 2019年10月502

Abstract　We report two cases of tuberculous uveitis re-ferred to the Department of Ophthalmology at our hospital for definitive diagnoses. Case 1 is that of a 50-year-old woman who had been experiencing bilateral uveitis with myodesopsia of unknown origin for three months. The tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) were positive, and the chest radiograph showed a centrilobular granular shadow in the right lung. Subse-quently, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was confirmed on bronchoscopy. Case 2 is that of a 37-year-old woman who had been experiencing right uveitis with myodesopsia for four months. Similar to the first case, the tuberculin skin test and IGRA were positive, and the chest radiograph showed a centrilobular granular shadow in the right lung. Subsequently, pulmonary TB was confirmed with positive sputum results. Anti-TB chemotherapy as the first-line regimen, consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, was administered to both patients for six months. Although both patients recovered with anti-TB treatment, Case 2 required an

additional treatment with intraocular steroid injection and retinal photocoagulation. Tuberculous uveitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of uveitis of unknown origin, and IGRA is useful in the diagnosis of the condi-tion. Coordination between an ophthalmologist and a pulmonologist is necessary for early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis.

Key words : Tuberculous uveitis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Tuberculous retinitis, Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)

1Department of Respiratory Medicine, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Nagasaki University Hospital

Correspondence to: Kazuko Yamamoto, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1_7_1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852_8501 Japan. (E-mail: kazukomd@nagasaki-u.ac.jp)

－－－－－－－－Case Report－－－－－－－－

TWO CASES OF TUBERCULOUS UVEITIS WITH MYODESOPSIA

1Taichi ISHIOKA, 1Kazuko YAMAMOTO, 1Shuhei IDEGUCHI, 1Asuka UMEMURA, 1Takahiro TAKAZONO, 1Tomomi SAIJO, 1Yoshifumi IMAMURA, 1Taiga MIYAZAKI,

2Daisuke INOUE, and 1Hiroshi MUKAE

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Disease and ARDS/K.Chin et al. 507

Abstract　The case was 63 years old, male. At the age of 20 and 47, he had the treatment history for pulmonary tuberculo-sis. He was admitted to our hospital due to general fatigue, dry cough and progressive dyspnea for a few days. He was diagnosed with severe pneumonia complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even after intensive care under tracheal intubation with antibiotics, and steroid pulse therapy, he died five days after admission. In autopsy lung tissue, diffuse epithelioid granuloma with necrosis and diffuse alveolar damage were seen, and Mycobacterium avium was detected in sputum, blood and lung tissue.

Key words : Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

1Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shimada Municipal Hospital

Correspondence to: Kou Chin, Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3_

9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Knagawa 236_

0004 Japan. (E-mail: chinsmd@gmail.com)

－－－－－－－－Case Report－－－－－－－－

AN AUTOPSY CASE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH NON-TUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE

1, 2Kou CHIN, 1Yu HARA, 1Ryo NAGASAWA, 1Ayako AOKI, 1Hiroki WATANABE, 1Shunsuke ITOU, 2Daisuke IWASHIMA, 2Hideki SUGANUMA,

and 1Takeshi KANEKO