aircraft and aerodynamics

7/30/2019 Aircraft and Aerodynamics

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ARIF AZIZB.Sc. Engg (Mech), BUET.

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TO GIVE YOU A BASIC IDEA ABOUT

AIRCRAFT AND HOW IT FLIES

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DEFINATION OF AIRCRAFT

A HEAVIER THAN AIR FLYING MACHINE,SUPPPORTED BY AEROFOILS, DESIGNEDTO OBTAIN , WHEN DRIVEN THROUGHTHE AIR AT AN ANGLE INCLINED TO THEDIRECTION OF MOTION, A REACTION

FROM THE AIR APPROXIMATELY AT RIGHTANGLES TO THEIR SURFACES

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DIFFERENT PARTS IN ISOMETRIC VIEW

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TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

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FIRST AIRCRAFT OF THE WORLD

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AIR SHIP

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AEROPLANE

LAND PLANE

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AEROPLANE

SEA-PLANE (FLOAT PLANE)AMPHIBIAN

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NON POWER DRIVEN

GLIDER KITES

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HELICOPTER

ROTORCRAFT

HELICOPTER

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THEOREM

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EQUATION OF CONTINUITY

MASS FLOW RATE ALONG A STREAM FILAMENT ISCONSTANT. 1V1A1=2V2A2 IE VA=CONST, ALONG ASTREAM LINE.

STREAM LINE. A STREAMLINE IS AN IMAGINARYLINE DRAWN IN THEFIELD OF FLOW SUCHTHAT THE VELOCITYVECTOR AT ANY POINTON THE LINE IS ALWAYSTANGENTIAL TO THE

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VENTURI TUBE

VENTURY EFFECT

P1A1V1=P2A2V2

P1=P2A2V2/V1A1

P2=P1V1A1/V2A2

POINT1 POINT2

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HOW LIFT IS PRODUCED?

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PRINCIPLE OF FLIGHT

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FORCES ACT ON AIRCRAFT

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UNBALANCED FORCES

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FLIGHT CONTROLS

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PRIMARY CONTROL SURFACES.

AILERON.

ELEVATOR. RUDDER.

SECONDARY CONTROL SURFACES.

SLAT (AUXILIARY AEROFOIL). FLAP.

AIR BRAKE.

AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

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FUNDAMENTAL FLIGHT CONTROL

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

AN AIRCRAFT HAS THREE AXIS ; LONGITUDINAL, LATERALAND NORMAL AXIS. THREE SEPARATE MOVEMENTS AREPERFORMED WITH THE HELP OF THREE CONTROL

SURFACES ABOUT THESE THREE AXIS.A. ELEVATOR FOR CONTROL IN PITCH (ABOUTLATERAL AXIS).

B. AILERONS FOR CONTROL IN ROLL (ABOUT

LONGITUDINAL AXIS).

C.RUDDER FOR CONTROL IN YAW (ABOUT NORMAL AXIS).

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

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TAKE OFF

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SEGMENTS OF TAKE OFF

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http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/images/Takeoff1big.JPG


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TAKE OFF

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HIGH SPEED FLIGHT30


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WAVE PROPAGATION

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WAVE PROPAGATION

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WAVE PROPAGATION

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SONIC BOOM

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SONIC BOOM

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SHOCK WAVE

Normal Shock Wave : High Subsonic Flight

Oblique Shock Wave : Transonic & Supersonic Flight

Expansion Waves : Supersonic Flight

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

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GLOBAL POSITIONING

SYSTEM

A TYPICAL GPS RECEIVER

CALCULATES ITS POSITION

USING THE SIGNALS FROMFOUR OR MORE GPS

SATELLITES. FOUR SATELLITES

ARE NEEDED SINCE THE

PROCESS NEEDS A VERY

ACCURATE LOCAL TIME, MORE

ACCURATE THAN A CLOCK CAN

PROVIDE, SO THE RECEIVER

INTERNALLY SOLVES FOR TIME

AS WELL AS POSITION.

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Worldwide radio-navigation system

Calculate positions in latitude - longitude

coordinates (x,y,z 3D format)

Advantages of satellite based system

Coverage Independence from weather

Highly accurate time and positional data

Unlimited users

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6 Orbital Planes

600 apart each in longitude

550 inclined to the equator

3 satellites each orbit

1200 apart

18 are Primary Satellite

3 satellite are spare on

orbit

24 Satellites23 41


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Satellites circle the earth twice a day

3D coordinate (x,y,z) information

Triangulation method.

X

Y

Z

X,Y,Z

3 Dimensional Coordinate

World Geodetic System

- WGS84.

Three satellites to calculatea 2D position (latitude &

longitude)

Four or more satellites to calculate 3D position (latitude,

longitude and altitude)16 42
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_Systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System


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LatitudeLongitude

Latitude

Longitude

Altitude


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BLACK BOX

USED TO RECORD AIRCRAFTSPECIFIC PERFORMANCEPARAMETERS

USED AS AN AID ININVESTIGATING AIRCRAFTMISHAPS

USUALLY PAINTED BRIGHTORANGE AND GENERALLY

LOCATED IN THE TAILSECTION OF THE AIRCRAFT.

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EJECTION SYSTEM

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EJECTION

MB EJECTION SEAT99.98% RELIABLE

MIN HEIRH: 0 ft

MAX HEIGHT: 50000 ft

MIN SPEED: 0 kph

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EJECTION

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MISSILES & ROCKETS

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MISSILES AND ROCKETS

RECEIVE AND MODULATE THE IRRADIATION ENERGY FROM THETARGET, MEASURING THE TARGET

POSITION INFORMATION ANDTRANSFORM IT TO AN ELECTRICALSIGNAL

SEARCH AND TRACK THE TARGET

CO-ORDINATE REFERENCE SIGNALAND OFF-BORESIGHT ANGLESIGNAL

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ESCAPING FROMMISSILE ATTACK

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STEATH TECHNOLOGY

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STEATH TECHNOLOGY

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HOW TO ACHIVE

REFLECT THE RUDDER SIGNAL IN DIFFERENT

DIRECTION

USING SPECIAL PAINT WHICH ABSORB RUDDERSIGNAL

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OBJECTIVE OF STEATH TECHNOLOGY

TO AVOID ENEMY RADAR

TO ATTACK ENEMY WITHOUT GIVINGREACTON TIME

TO CREATE SURPRISE FOR THE ENEMY

TO ACQUIRE PINPOINT ACCURACY

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APPLICATION OF RADAR BEAM ONA STEALTH SHAPED OBJECT

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LANDING

LANDING SPEED:280-300 kph

MAX LANDING SPEED:360 kph

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LANDING

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QUESTIONS & ANSWER

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THANK YOU

aircraft and aerodynamics

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