aircraft maintenance manual - part i system … · towing the aircraft with one or both engines...

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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL - PART ISYSTEM DESCRIPTION SECTION

CHAPTER 09 − TOWING AND TAXIING

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

09 - EFFECTIVE PAGES

Jan 15/2005

Ch-Se-Su Effectivity Page Date Ch-Se-Su Effectivity Page Date

EFFECTIVITY: ALL

TOWING AND TAXIING 09-00-00TOWING AND TAXING A01 ALL 1INTRODUCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTIONTOWING (WITH A TOW BAR)TAXIING 4TOWING AND TAXIING AA1 ALL 6INTRODUCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTIONTOWING (WITH A TOW BAR)TAXIING 10


CHAPTER 09 − TOWING AND TAXIING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

09 - CONTENTSPage 1

Jan 15/2005

Subject Ch-Se-Su Effectivity Page

EFFECTIVITY: ALL

On A/C 10001-10999

TASK 09−00−00−001−A01TOWING AND TAXING

INTRODUCTION

This section contains data related to theprocedures for towing and taxiing of theaircraft.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The aircraft can be towed or pushed with atowing tractor when it is not possible orpractical to move the aircraft with its ownpower. A minimum of two persons isnecessary to tow the aircraft. Five persons arerequired to tow the aircraft in restricted areas.

The pilot's seat is the only seat with thesteering tiller and must be occupied for taxiing.The operator maneuvers the aircraft with theuse of the engine power, differential brakingand the nosewheel steering.

TOWING (WITH A TOW BAR)

Figures 09-00-00-000001and 09-00-00-000002.

The aircraft can be pushed or towed with thetow bar connected to the axle of the noselanding gear and with the steering torque armsconnected or disconnected. The nosewheelsteering system must be selected to OFFbefore towing. The upper and lower torquelinks may be disconnected or connected with asteering angle limit of ±70 degrees. The uppertorque link is spring loaded against a stop tomaintain its position clear of the nose wheelsand aft door during towing. This will preventthe steering system and nose landing gear(NLG) from damage during towing. If NLGshock strut is not properly inflated there is arisk of interference between the tire and thedisconnect upper torque link. Therefore, in thiscase towing must be done with the torque linksconnected and steering angle limit of ±70

degrees. Towing is accomplished byconnecting an approved tow bar to attachmentfittings on the nose landing gear axle.

The equipment that is necessary to tow theaircraft is as follows :

• Tow tractor

• Main wheel chocks

• Tow bar

• Two headsets with extension cords

• Passenger door support cable

TRAINING INFORMATION POINTS

Before towing or taxiing, make sure that allthree landing gear ground lockpins areinstalled.

If towing or taxiing is necessary with a flattire(s), refer to the appropriate manual for thecorrect procedures or seek advise from theaircraft manufacturer.

During aircraft recovery missions, main geartowing of the aircraft forward or rearward withrope assemblies must be done as per theapplicable manual or manufacturer'sinstructions. Obey all warnings and cautions toprevent damage to the landing gear, wireharness, and brake lines, etc.

A tow- barless towing tractor can also be usedto tow the aircraft.


TASK 09-00-00-001-A0109-00-00 Page 1

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EFFECTIVITY: See first page of

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8a01

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A

AXLE ENGAGEMENTPIN

UPPER TORQUELINK

QUICK−DISCONNECTHANDLE

LOWER TORQUELINK

TOW BAR

METAL EYE

TOW BAR TOWING

B

B

TOW BARA


Tow Bar / Tow Barless TowingFigure 09-00-00-000001

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40

geometric turning centers.represents the theoreticalTurning RADII shown

TURNING CENTERS

80 degreesMAXIMUM

7075

55

6560

4550

R4

R6

R3

R1

R2

R5

L

0 degree20253035

C

NOTEba

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01.c

gm


Towing - Turning RadiusFigure 09-00-00-000002

TASK 09-00-00-001-A0109-00-00 Page 3

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TAXIING

Figure 09-00-00-000003.

When taxiing, the aircraft direction is normallycontrolled using the nosewheel steeringsystem.

If the nosewheel steering system is notavailable, the aircraft direction can becontrolled using differential thrust and braking.The maximum steering radius allowed is 80°left or right of center for either free-castering orcentral power steering.


The minimum towing crew consists of twoqualified persons. One person operates thetowing vehicle and the other person operatesthe aircraft brakes in the flight compartment.The aircraft brakes are used only in anemergency.

When the aircraft is towed in a confined space,in addition to the tow vehicle operator and theaircraft brake operator, one person must be atthe end of each wing. That person must makesure sufficient distance is maintained toprevent contact with other objects or aircraft.

When the aircraft is pushed rearward, it isimportant to control and stop the movement ofthe aircraft using the towing vehicle. If theaircraft wheel brakes are used, it could lift thenose gear off ground.

Make sure that the nosewheel steering armingswitch is OFF before the tow bar is connectedto the aircraft.

Make sure there is sufficient weight onnosewheel before towing. This prevents thenose centering mechanism from coming intooperation.

Obey the towing speed limits.

Make sure that the brake pressure is withinlimits before towing.

Towing the aircraft with one or both enginesremoved will affect the aircraftcenter-of-gravity. Ballast weight must beadded before towing the aircraft.

Make sure that the tow bar is serviceablebefore connecting it to the nose gear axle.


TASK 09-00-00-001-A0109-00-00 Page 4

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9a01

.cgm

118 ft(35.9 m)

59 ft(17.9 m)

54 ft 5 in.(16.5 m)

57 ft 10 in.(17.61 m)

49 ft 7 in.(15.11 m)

NOTE

MAXIMUM STEERING.Symmetrical and idle thrust.No differential braking.70 degrees steering angle.3 degrees slip.Dry runway.Slow continuous turn.Maximum A/C weightAFT CG.


Taxiing - Turning RadiusFigure 09-00-00-000003

TASK 09-00-00-001-A0109-00-00 Page 5

Jan 15/2005


On A/C 15001-15990

TASK 09−00−00−001−AA1TOWING AND TAXIING

INTRODUCTION

This section contains data related to theprocedures for towing and taxiing of theaircraft.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The aircraft can be towed or pushed with atowing tractor and a standard tow bar when itis not possible or practical to move the aircraftwith its own power. A minimum of two personsis necessary to tow the aircraft. Five personsare required to tow the aircraft in restrictedareas.

For taxiing, the pilot's seat is the only seat withthe steering tiller, and must be occupied duringtaxiing. The operator maneuvers the aircraftwith the use of the engine power, differentialbraking and the nosewheel steering.

TOWING (WITH A TOW BAR)

Figures 09-00-00-000007and 09-00-00-000012.

The aircraft can be pushed or towed with thetow bar connected to the axle of the noselanding gear and with the steering torque linksconnected or disconnected. The nosewheelsteering system must be selected to OFFbefore towing. With the torque links connectedor disconnected, the turning angle limit of thenosewheel is 70° either side of center. Theupper torque link is spring loaded against astop to maintain its position clear of the nosewheels and aft door during towing. This willprevent the steering system and nose landinggear (NLG) from damage during towing.

If the NLG shock strut is not properly inflatedthere is a risk of interference between the tireand the disconnected upper torque link.Therefore, in this case towing must be donewith the torque links connected. Towing isaccomplished by connecting an approved tow

bar to attachment fittings on the nose landinggear axle

The equipment that is necessary to tow theaircraft is as follows:

• Tow tractor

• Main wheel chocks

• Tow bar

• Two headsets with extension cords

• Passenger door support cable


Before towing:

• Make sure that all three landing gear groundlockpins are installed

• Make sure that the brake pressure is withinlimits before towing.

• Make sure that the tow bar is serviceablebefore it is connected to the nose gear axle.

• Make sure there is sufficient weight onnosewheel before towing. This prevents thenose centering mechanism from coming intooperation.

• Make sure that the nosewheel steeringarming switch is OFF before connecting thetow bar to the aircraft.

• The minimum towing crew consists of twoqualified persons. One person operates thetowing vehicle and the other personoperates the aircraft brakes in the flightcompartment. The aircraft brakes are usedonly in an emergency.

• When the aircraft is towed in a confinedspace, in addition to the tow vehicle operatorand the aircraft brake operator, one personmust be at the end of each wing.

• Do not exceed the maximum towing speedof 3 MPH

• When the aircraft is pushed rearward, it isimportant to control and stop the movementof the aircraft using the towing vehicle. If theaircraft wheel brakes are used, it could liftthe nose gear off ground and cause possibledamage to the rear fuselage.


TASK 09-00-00-001-AA109-00-00 Page 6

Jan 15/2005


• Towing the aircraft with one or both enginesremoved will affect the aircraftcenter-of-gravity. Ballast weight must beadded before towing the aircraft.

• A tow-barless towing tractor can also beused to tow the aircraft.


TASK 09-00-00-001-AA109-00-00 Page 7

Jan 15/2005


babc

8a01

.cgm

A

AXLE ENGAGEMENTPIN

UPPER TORQUELINK

QUICK−DISCONNECTHANDLE

LOWER TORQUELINK

TOW BAR

METAL EYE

TOW BAR TOWING

B

B

TOW BARA


Tow Bar / Tow Barless TowingFigure 09-00-00-000007

TASK 09-00-00-001-AA109-00-00 Page 8

Jan 15/2005


40

geometric turning centers.represents the theoreticalTurning RADII shown

TURNING CENTERS

80 degreesMAXIMUM

7075

55

6560

4550

R4

R6

R3

R1

R2

R5

L

0 degree20253035

C

NOTEba

bj3a

01.c

gm


Towing - Turning RadiusFigure 09-00-00-000012

TASK 09-00-00-001-AA109-00-00 Page 9

Jan 15/2005


TAXIING

Figure 09-00-00-000013.

When taxiing the aircraft, direction is usuallycontrolled using the nosewheel steeringsystem. If the nosewheel steering system isnot available, the aircraft direction can becontrolled using differential thrust and braking.The maximum steering radius allowed is80±2° left or right of center for eitherfree-castering or central power steering.

All personnel that taxi the aircraft must use anapproved check list and follow all check listprocedures.


In addition to the Training Information Pointslisted under aircraft towing, the conditions thatfollow must be met before taxiing the aircraft:

• Make sure the brake accumulators areprecharged to 600±50 psi.

• Make sure that the parking brake is ON

• Make sure hydraulic pumps No. 1, 2 and 3are ON

• Make sure the brake pressure is 3000±200psi.

• Make sure that the Navigation lights areturned ON

• Make sure that the VHF radio(s) are set tothe required ground frequency

NOTE

If there is a requirement to taxi the aircraftwith a flat tire, refer to the SupplementaryProcedures section of the Flight CrewOperating Manual


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2z01

.cgm

126 ft 5 in.(38.2 m)

52 ft 7 in.(16.1 m)

59 ft 1 in.(18.1 m)

61 ft(18.6 m)

65 ft 1 in.(19.8 m)

NOTE

MAXIMUM STEERING.Symmetrical and idle thrust.No differential braking.80 degrees steering angle.3 degrees slip.Dry runway.Slow continuous turn.Maximum A/C weightAFT CG.


Taxiing - Turning RadiusFigure 09-00-00-000013

TASK 09-00-00-001-AA109-00-00 Page 11

Jan 15/2005


aircraft maintenance manual - part i system … · towing the aircraft with one or both engines...

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