aircraft strategy &tactics terminology parts of fire basic tactics drop patterns example review...
TRANSCRIPT
Aircraft Strategy &Tactics
• Terminology• Parts of Fire
• Basic Tactics• Drop Patterns
• Example• Review Ten
Principles of Retardant Application
BySteve Hubbard
“SEE” WHAT YOU CAN DO!
• “SEE” =• Safe (Always assure safety
before any other goal)• Effective (….actually putting the
fire out is nice….but safety first)• Efficient (….only if Safe &
Effective)
STRATEGY
• Mental process for establishing incident objectives and priorities.
• What do you want to save…and how bad?
TACTICS
• A series of tasks or operations done to achieve an objective.
• How are you actually going to do the job?
Parts of a Fire
POCKETISLAND
HEADRIGHTSHOULDER
LEFTSHOULDER
LEFTFLANK
RIGHTFLANKROAD
BOTTOM LINE: This is how the fire fighters describe things.
SPOTFIRE
FINGER
ANCHOR POINTHEEL (ORIGIN)
“AMOEBA” FireN
S
EW
For this fire, you may have to resort to Cardinal directionswhen talking to ground folks.
Downhill Fire
DOWNHILLSLOPE
ROAD
RIGHTFLANK
LEFTFLANK
Head is still the most activepart of fire.
Firefighters still relate toleft and right.
FIRE ATTACK TACTICS
• THREE BASIC METHODS• INDIRECT• DIRECT• PARALLEL
INDIRECT ATTACK
A DISTANCE AWAY
UTILIZE NATURAL BARRIERS
RIDG
E LINE
BURN OUT BETWEEN
USUALLY A LARGE-FIRE TACTIC
DIRECT ATTACK
WORKING DIRECTLY ON FIRE EDGE
“ONE FOOT IN THE BURN – ONE IN THE GREEN”
PARALLEL ATTACK
MOVE OFF FIRE EDGE A SHORT DISTANCE
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF LIGHT FUELS/BARRIERS
STRAIGHTENRAGGED EDGE
MOST DANGEROUS METHOD FOR FIREFIGHTERS
FIRE OUTBETWEEN
TACTICS
• EVERY FIRE IS DIFFERENT• DIRECT? INDIRECT?
• ANCHOR POINT =• WORK FROM IT
• HONEST EVALUATION =• COMMUNICATE WITH THE
GROUND!
AIRCRAFT PATTERNS
• FLANKING• TANDEM AHEAD• TANDEM
BEHIND• HOOK• NARROW “VEE”• WIDE “VEE”• ANGLE TIE-IN
• SPOT FIRE• PRE-TREAT• ANGLE-OUT• COOLING
CONVECTION COLUMN
• SPOT FIELD COVER
FLANKINGGOOD METHOD = STARTS FROM ANCHOR POINT
USED ON FAST RUNNING FIRES
CONSERVATIVE
TANDEM AHEADPROVIDES MOST ASSISTANCE TO GROUND FORCES
ANCHOR DONE BYGROUND TROOPS
OFTEN TO SUPPORTDOZERS IN HEAVYBRUSH
TANDEM BEHIND
ANCHOR MADE BY GROUNDTROOPS IS RE-ENFORCED
MOST OFTEN USED WHENHIGH VALUES ARE BEINGPROTECTED
ASSIST GROUND FORCES TO HOLD HASTILY DONE LINES
PICKS UP SPOTS ANDSLOP-OVERS
HOOKUSED OFF FLANKING PATTERN
TO CUT ACROSS HEAD
FLANKING CONTROLCOULD HAVE BEENDONE BY GROUNDFORCES
NARROW “VEE”QUICKLY CATCH HEAD OF SMALL FIRE
ASK YOURSELF: HOW SOONWILL IT GET ANCHORED?….ANDWHO IS GOING TO DO IT?
ADDITIONAL DROPS,HOSELAYS, OR LINECONSTRUCTION MUSTBE ASSURED TOFOLLOW SOON!
AGGRESSIVE METHOD
WIDE “VEE”A LITTLE OUT IN FRONT – “JUST TO SLOW IT DOWN”
ANCHOR PROBLEM IS WORSE – BECAUSE YOU EXPECT EVENA LONGER DELAYBEFORE ANCHORING!
OFTEN USED SIMILARTO CREW HOT-SPOTTING= BUYING TIME
ANGLE TIE-IN
FREQUENTLY USED METHOD THAT PROVIDES A DEFENDABLE TIE TO THE ANCHOR POINT
PLAN USUALLY WOULD INCLUDE FIRING OUTTO THE BARRIER
SPOT FIREUSUALLY NO PLACE TO ANCHOR
TRY TO DROP FROM TWO DIRECTIONSFOR BETTER COVERAGE (SHADOWING)
OBJECTIVE IS TO HOLD UNTIL GROUNDFORCES ARRIVE
PUTTING AN “X” ON IT WORKS WELL ALSO
PRE-TREATUSED TO WIDEN A NATURAL BARRIER
PROVIDES BACKFIRE SUPPORT
HELPS TO LOWER SPOT FIRE SPREAD POTENTIAL
PLACE OUTSIDE OF MAIN LINE AND ON LEE SIDE
RIDGE LINE
ANGLE OUT
RIDGE LINE
USED WHEN YOU CAN’T GET TO BOTTOM (STAIR-STEP?)
TELL GROUND FORCES WHAT YOU DID
NOT PERFECT – BUT LEAVES SOMETHING FOR THEFIRE TO BUMP AND HOLD LONGER
COOLING CONVECTION
HEAD IS MOVING SPOT FIELD
TO STOP HAVING TO CHASE SPOT FIRES ALL DAYDROP TIGHT TO BACKSIDE AND ALLOWCONVECTION WIND TO DRAW IT IN
GROUND SIDE-VIEW
SPOT FIELD COVERMULTIPLE LINES SPACED NARROWER THAN THEFIRE-RUNNING DISTANCE NEEDED TO BUILD UPSPOTTING HEADS FROM NEW SPOT FIRES (USE NATURAL BARRIERS TOO)
REQUIRES LARGE NUMBER OF AIRCRAFT BE QUICKLYCOMMITTED AT SAME TIME AND THIS WILL FORCEPLACING LINES A LONG DISTANCE OUT IN FRONT
THIS IS ANEW TACTIC
PLEASESHARE ANYSTORIES
EXAMPLE
COW PATH
ROAD
WIND
EXAMPLE
COW PATH
ROAD
WIND ON RETURN
10 PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
From The National Wildfire Coordinating Group
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
1.• DECIDE TACTICS = DIRECT OR
INDIRECT?• SIZE-UP• RESOURCES AVAILABLE
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
2.• ESTABLISH ANCHOR POINT
• WORK FROM IT
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
3.• USE PROPER DROP HEIGHT
• UP/DOWN WIND?• LIGHT/HEAVY GPC?
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
4.• APPLY PROPER COVERAGE
LEVELS• EFFECTIVENESS VERSUS
WASTE
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
5.• DROP DOWNHILL AND DOWN-
SUN WHEN FEASIBLE….BUT:• SAFE EXIT IS KEY = LEVEL
RUN OVER RISING TERRAIN INTO WIND MAY BE AS GOOD
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
6.• DROP INTO THE WIND FOR
BEST ACCURACY….BUT:• “SEE” = BE SAFE BEFORE
TRYING TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE(or EFFICIENT)
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
7.• DO HONEST EVALUATIONS OF
AIR ATTACK EFFORTS• TALK TO GROUND WITH SAME
HONESTY
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
8.• GO DIRECT ONLY WHEN
GROUND SUPPORT IS AVAILABLE• OR WHEN EXTINGUISHMENT
IS PROBABLE
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
9.• PLAN DROPS SO THEY CAN BE
EXTENDED OR INTERSECTED EFFECTIVELY
PRINCIPLES OF RETARDANT APPLICATION
10.• MONITOR EFFECTIVENESS AND
ADJUST AS NEEDED….OR• SHUT IT DOWN?• SHOW-TIME ANYWAY?
Aircraft Strategy &Tactics
• Terminology• Parts of Fire
• Basic Tactics• Drop Patterns
• Example• Review Ten
Principles of Retardant Application