Airpower Today:

The Global War

On Terrorism

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“Almost every captain in the Air Force who flies airplanes has combat experience… virtually every engineer, security forces troop and medic in the Air Force has deployed…This is a veteran, hardened combat force…They have been shot at. They know what it’s like. When we go, wherever we go, we’re going to be at the peak of our game.”

General John P. JumperGeneral John P. JumperCSAF, 2001 - 2005CSAF, 2001 - 2005

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OverviewOverview

•The Global War on Terror•Background•Launching a War on terrorism

•The Military Campaign•Operation ENDURING FREEDOM

•Background•Lessons Learned

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OverviewOverview

•Operation IRAQI FREEDOMOperation IRAQI FREEDOM•Background•Emerging Lessons Learned

• USAF GWOT Lessons Learned• USAF CONOPS• US National Lessons Learned• CFD Review

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• After major combat ops in Afghanistan After major combat ops in Afghanistan ended, the U.S. shifted focus to Saddam ended, the U.S. shifted focus to Saddam Hussein’s regime.Hussein’s regime. • The Cease Fire Agreement for the Gulf War The Cease Fire Agreement for the Gulf War was codified in UN Resolution 687. Iraq was was codified in UN Resolution 687. Iraq was testing/breaking these agreements testing/breaking these agreements

OIF Background OIF Background

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OIF BackgroundOIF Background Paragraph #8 stated that Iraq must “…

unconditionally accept the destruction, removal, or rendering harmless, under international supervision of:” • All chemical/biological weapons• All ballistic missiles with range greater

than 150 Km

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OIF BackgroundOIF Background Paragraph #12 addressed

nuclear capabilities, stating that Iraq must “…agree not to acquire or develop nuclear weapons or nuclear-weapon-usable material

Paragraph #32, with regards to terrorism, stated that “…it [Iraq] will not commit or support any act of international terrorism

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OIF BackgroundOIF Background 12 September 2002: President Bush 12 September 2002: President Bush

addressed the UN General Assembly to addressed the UN General Assembly to highlight observed violations and attempt highlight observed violations and attempt to gather further international support for to gather further international support for action against Iraq.action against Iraq.

16 Oct 2002: President Bush signed the 16 Oct 2002: President Bush signed the Iraq War Resolution  Iraq War Resolution  

8 Nov 2002: The U.N. 8 Nov 2002: The U.N. Security Council passes Security Council passes Resolution 1441 Resolution 1441

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OIF BackgroundOIF Background Dr. Blix (chief UN investigator)

report

February 2003, Secretary Powell addressed the UN Security Council   

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•16 Mar 2003: President Bush demands senior 16 Mar 2003: President Bush demands senior leaders leave Iraq within 48 hoursleaders leave Iraq within 48 hours• 19 Mar 2003: President Bush addressed the 19 Mar 2003: President Bush addressed the nation stating that military operations had nation stating that military operations had begun in Iraqbegun in Iraq

OIF BackgroundOIF Background

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OIF CampaignOIF Campaign•OIF Air Campaign = Operations NORTHERN OIF Air Campaign = Operations NORTHERN and SOUTHERN WATCHand SOUTHERN WATCH• OIF = Not a single Iraqi Combat SortieOIF = Not a single Iraqi Combat Sortie

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OIF CampaignOIF Campaign• ISR: ISR: Of the 1,801 aircraft used during OIF, 80 aircraft were dedicated to the ISR mission• 1,000 sorties collected 3,200 hours of streaming video, 2,400 hours of SIGINT, and 42,000 battlefield images• ISR managed from the CAOC located at PSAB, under the command of the (CFACC), Lt. General Moseley

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• Strategic Attack: On 5 Apr 2003 coalition Strategic Attack: On 5 Apr 2003 coalition forces attacked General Ali Hassan Majid’s forces attacked General Ali Hassan Majid’s (“Chemical Ali”) home (“Chemical Ali”) home • 7 Apr 2003: Strategic Attack operations 7 Apr 2003: Strategic Attack operations continue as U.S. planes attack a building continue as U.S. planes attack a building targeting Saddam & sons targeting Saddam & sons

OIF CampaignOIF Campaign

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• Counterair: 21 Mar 2003: Special Ops Counterair: 21 Mar 2003: Special Ops Forces took control of two airfields Forces took control of two airfields

• Numerous Counterair and Interdiction Numerous Counterair and Interdiction missions were conducted throughout OIF  missions were conducted throughout OIF  

OIF TimelineOIF Timeline

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OIF TimelineOIF Timeline

• Counterland: 24 Mar 2003: B-52 aircraft Counterland: 24 Mar 2003: B-52 aircraft interdict Republican Guard positions interdict Republican Guard positions South of BaghdadSouth of Baghdad•Counterland Historical PerspectiveCounterland Historical Perspective

•Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge•Battle of BaghdadBattle of Baghdad

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OIF TimelineOIF Timeline

•CounterspaceCounterspace•SCASCA•OIF RolesOIF Roles

•WeatherWeather•ISRISR•GPSGPS

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OIF TimelineOIF Timeline

• Airlift/Refueling: 24,196 sorties during Airlift/Refueling: 24,196 sorties during initial phase of OIFinitial phase of OIF

•6,193 refueling sorties--376.4 million 6,193 refueling sorties--376.4 million pounds of fuelpounds of fuel•OIF/OEF airlift one of the most OIF/OEF airlift one of the most extensive in historyextensive in history

•Airlift Shortfall IssuesAirlift Shortfall Issues•10 million ton miles per day 10 million ton miles per day shortshort

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• Joint Operations have matured!!!Joint Operations have matured!!!

•Conventional forces and Special Conventional forces and Special Ops forces integrated wellOps forces integrated well

•Precision munitions continuing Precision munitions continuing to improveto improve

• Fratricide prevention and Fratricide prevention and combat identification systems combat identification systems need attention  need attention  

OIF Lessons LearnedOIF Lessons Learned

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OIF Lessons LearnedOIF Lessons Learned

•Improve cumbersome deployment planning Improve cumbersome deployment planning and execution processes and execution processes • Improve information sharing at all levelsImprove information sharing at all levels•Need more bandwidth Need more bandwidth • HUMINT capabilities must be improved to HUMINT capabilities must be improved to meet new GWOT challengesmeet new GWOT challenges

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• USAF strategic planners must develop new concepts of deterrence to counter a wide range of non-traditional adversaries and asymmetric threats• New technologies are now widely available to potential adversaries • USAF first line of homeland defense• Continue to refine its expeditionary culture and strategic agility

USAF GWOTUSAF GWOT Lessons Learned Lessons Learned

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• Joint, allied and coalition operations require precise real-time command and control • USAF must achieve decision cycle dominance to strike adversaries before they can mount an effective defense• There will be an increased demand for precision in warfare• Air Force will require robust, effects-based information operations capabilities that can deny, manipulate, or significantly degrade adversary C4ISR.

USAF GWOTUSAF GWOT Lessons Learned Lessons Learned

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• “Our goal is to make warfighting effects, and the capabilities we need to achieve them, the drivers for everything we do. The centerpiece of this effort is the development of new Task Force CONOPS that will guide our planning and programming, requirements reform, and acquisition.”

USAF CONOPSUSAF CONOPS

General John P. JumperGeneral John P. JumperCSAF, 2001 - 2005CSAF, 2001 - 2005

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• Homeland Security CONOPS• Space and Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance CONOPS• Global Mobility CONOPS • Global Strike CONOPS • Global Persistent Attack CONOPS • Nuclear Response CONOPS • The Agile Combat Support CONOPS

USAF CONOPSUSAF CONOPS

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• WWars in the 21st century will increasingly require use of all elements of national power• The ability of forces to communicate and operate seamlessly on the battlefield will be critical to our success in future wars• Wars are best fought by coalitions of the willing—but they should not be fought by committee• Defending the United States requires prevention and sometimes preemption

U.S. National Lessons Learned U.S. National Lessons Learned from GWOTfrom GWOT

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• The United States must rule nothing out in advance• Victory in the war against terrorism requires steady pressure on the enemy, leaving him no time to rest and nowhere to hide• The new and the high-tech have not totally replaced the old and conventional

U.S. National Lessons Learned U.S. National Lessons Learned from GWOTfrom GWOT

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•The United States must link military operations directly with humanitarian assistance, radio broadcasts, rewards, and other efforts• American leaders must be straight with the American people

U.S. National Lessons Learned U.S. National Lessons Learned from GWOTfrom GWOT

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• The United States must not make the mistake of believing that terrorism is the only threat of the 21st century. Terrorism is a deadly asymmetric threat but not the only possible one.

U.S. National Lessons Learned U.S. National Lessons Learned from GWOTfrom GWOT

Chinese Forces on paradeChinese Forces on paradeIndia – Pakistan disputeIndia – Pakistan dispute

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Review of CFD ModelReview of CFD Model

Distinctive Capabilities: Air and space expertise, capabilities and technological know-how that produces superior military capabilities

Functions: Broad, fundamental and continuing activities of air and space power

Doctrine: fundamental principles which military forces guide their actions in support of national objectives

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Time Period

DistinctiveCapabilities

Functions(missions)

Doctrinal Emphasis

GWOT Global AttackAgile Combat SupportPrecision EngagementRapid Global MobilityAir/Space SuperiorityInformation Superiority

Strategic Attack, Counterair, Counterspace, Counterland, Countersea, Information Ops, Combat Support, Command and Control, Airlift, Air Refueling, Spacelift, Special Ops, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Combat Search and Rescue, Navigation and Positioning, Weather Services

CONOPSHomeland Security Space, C4, ISRGlobal MobilityGlobal StrikeGlobal Persistent AttackNuclear ResponseAgile Combat Support

Air Force:

2025

The Future Air Force: 2025

(Students will fill in

this area.)

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SummarySummaryExpeditionary

Medal

ServiceMedal

Highly recommended reading for all AF officers Highly recommended reading for all AF officers and a CSAF reading selection: and a CSAF reading selection: “The“The Crisis of Islam”Crisis of Islam”

•The Global War on Terror•Background•Launching a War on terrorism

•The Military Campaign•Operation ENDURING FREEDOM

•Background•Lessons Learned

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SummarySummary

•Operation IRAQI FREEDOMOperation IRAQI FREEDOM•Background•Emerging Lessons Learned

• USAF GWOT Lessons Learned• USAF CONOPS• US National Lessons Learned• CFD Review

ExpeditionaryMedal

ServiceMedal

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Final thought for you as future leaders Final thought for you as future leaders of the USAF:of the USAF:•The GWOT is still very much a current The GWOT is still very much a current event and a conflict we must win!event and a conflict we must win!•How long will it take… How long will it take… •How vigilant do we need to be… How vigilant do we need to be… •Are you ready???Are you ready???

Airpower Today:

The Global War

On Terrorism