airway management
TRANSCRIPT
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AIRWAY MANAGEMENTPROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL)
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN
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INTRODUCTION
• BASIC AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
• Treatment
• Prevention
• ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
• Relies on medical equipment
• AIRWAY MANAGEMENT IN SPECIFIC SITUATION
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BASIC AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
TREATMENT PREVENTION
Removing foreign bodies from airways
encouraging the victim to cough,
followed by hard back slaps
abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)
or chest thrusts
focuses on preventing the tongue from
falling back and obstructing the airways
head-tilt/chin-lift and jaw-thrust
maneuvers
recovery position mainly
prevents aspiration of things like
stomach content or blood.
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ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
1. REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES
• foreign objects are either removed by suction or with e.g. a Magill forceps under inspection of the airway with a laryngoscope or bronchoscope.
2. SUPRAGLOTTIC TECHNIQUES
• Nasopharyngeal airway
• Oropharyngeal airway
• Supraglottic airway
• Medical proceduresperformed in order tocreate an open pathwaybetween a patient’s lungsand the outside world.
• can be performed blind orwith visualization ofthe glottis e.g. by the use ofa laryngoscope
• Components :
1. Removal of foreignbodies
2. Supraglottic techniques
3. Infraglottic techniques
4. Surgical method
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3. INFRAGLOTTIC TECHNIQUES
Tracheal intubation
• placement of a flexible plastic or rubber tube into the trachea
• to maintain an open airway
• to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs
• performed in critically injured, ill or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs
• to prevent the possibility of airway obstruction
• Use an endotracheal tube
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4. SURGICAL METHODS
making a surgical incision is made below the glottis in order to achieve direct access to the lower respiratory tract
Cricothyrotomy
• an incision made through the skin and cricothyroidmembrane
• between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Tracheostomy
• created opening from the skin of the neck down to the trachea
• where a person will need to be on a mechanical ventilator for a longer period
• less risk of infection and damage to the trachea such as tracheal stenosis.
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CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
• a.k.a CPR
• to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest
• indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing
• main purpose is to restore partial flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and heart
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• COMPLICATION
o Ribs fracture
o Sternal fracture
o Bleeding at anterior mediastinum
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