al-maktubat al-nuriyyah (vol.1 [updated]) [english]

8/20/2019 Al-Maktubat Al-Nuriyyah (Vol.1 [Updated]) [English]

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Ngee`ntcgf

DE-BDKZPHDZ

DE-FPXCS–SDL(YGE.4)

^uhtcte`

de-Bdabd–ue-Dfwdr de-Dkl–wds

(De`l`b–ut-Zdlcydt wds–Zldfd)

_PHEC^L@J HS

JDX-LDTTBDQLDH DLE–DE-^PFFDL ]D–E ADBD–DLKdrdnlc Ncty,

Csedbcn X`puhecn gi _dkcstdf


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Ngee`ntcgf DE-BDKZPHDZ DE-FPXCSSDL

Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 8

Igr`wgrj

^tdrt`j gur ìigrts, tlguml irgb f`mdtcv` (cf df dsp`nt | Xìutdtcgf), deck` KdecbdZdyychdl tldt desg stdrt`j irgb f`mdtcgf, ―ED cedld ceedeedl | Fgf`, cs tg

]grslcp, h`scj`s Deedl‒, tlguml ngftdcf`j pgsctcv` ceeustrdtcgf `ctl`r (cf dfdsp`nt | Dnn`ptdfn`), aust eck` Kdecbd Zdyychdl s`ngfj pdrt, ―Buldbb`j–dr Xdsue Deedl | Buldbb`j cs tl` B`ss`fm`r gi Deedl‒, dfj ct wds dmdcfst dbgv`b`ft, ndumlt mr`dt dtt`ftcgf, cf hgtl p`rsp`ntcv`, f`mdtcv` (Busecbs) dfjpgsctcv` (Zl`cr Nuet), drgufj tl` wgrej; tlguml `xcst scbcedrs `ctl`r f`drey cf `v`ryr`mcgf cf hgtl igrbs, w`dpgfcz`j dfj fgf-w`dpgfcz`j. Fgt`1 X`dsgf gi dtt`ftcgfngftdcf`j, igr bgv`b`ft, h`fìct gi sctudtcgf pr`s`ft cf cts `fvcrgfs, `xcst`j dit`rwctljrdwde gi gf` sup`rpgw`r P.^.^.X (Fgw XP^^CDF I@J@XDZCGF), e`dvcfmpgectcnde vdnuub cfscj` nr`dt`s cfstdhcecty dfj cfaustcn`.

Lgw`v`r, gppgsctcgf tg sunl bgv`b`ft gr scbcedrs ds wèe cs fgtlcfm hut dfcj`gegmy, rècmcgf Csedb (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) dfj fgf` ès`, ds bgst

jdfm`rgus dsp`nt gi sunl gr tl`s` bgv`b`ft(s) cs jcsmucscfm (pr`t`fjcfm)tl`bsèv`s ds Busecbs, scfn` `b`rm`fn` tcb` tg tcb`, dfj dit`r p`f`trdtcgf dfjmdcf`j pgw`r gr sdy wl`f`v`r ngb`s cf pgw`r stdrts cbpe`b`ftdtcgf gi tl`crj`vcdt`j gr sdy jì`nt`j cj`gegmy, ngfscst`j upgf j`n`ptcgf dfj ec`s, uscfm grj`pcntcfm Turdf dfj ûffdl ds tl`cr hds`, hut cf r`de aust d ngv`rt. [@vcj`fn`R Que-Kluwdcys–rdl, d jciirdntgr (Kldrac-Burtdj), slgwf jcsr`sp`nt (hcmdtgry |Zdkdhhur Kd Czldr Kcyd Zld) hìgr` ^cjfd Buldbb`j Xdsue Deedl (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) dfj he`ss`j ngbpdfcgfs (De`l`bur Xcjlwdf) dt gf` he`ss`j mdtl`rcfm,tl`rìgr` grj`r wds mcv`f igr p`rs`nutcgf. ^cbcedrey, Igurtl Xcmlt`gus Ndecpl ^cjfdDec de-Burtd–jld (Xdjlc Deedl Dflu) wl`f h`cfm dnnus`j gi ngfjuntcfm pgeytl`csb(Bd–dz Deedl), l`fn` t`rbcfdt`j f`drey dee tlgs` dnnus`rs/nrcbcfdes (Kldwdrca |

=???-


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl >

tdrm`t`j, l`fn` tg djjr`ss ds wèe ds j`pcntcfm cts prgp`r wdy gi r`sgeutcgf cf lgp`tg hrcfm hdnk tl` egst prcj`, tldt desg wcslcfm cbpdnts pgsctcvèy gf gtl`r idctls tgg,i`w DXZCNE@^ (:tl `sp. | Cf r`de d trdfsnrcpt ) ds wèe ds hggk lds h``f wrctt`f cftlcs r`mdrjs wlcnl dr` ecfk`j tg `dnl gtl`r, wl`r`ds sgb` bcmlt s``f jcii`r`j irgb

pr`vcgus (gr sdy gtl`rs); hut tgpcn ndf h` igufj cf dee, `ctl`r ngbpe`t` gr cbpdrtcde.Zlcs cs tl` icrst vgeub`s ngbprcscfm upgf dee tlgs` sgb` gi puhecndtcgfs.

4. Df Cee`mctcbdt` dfj Cfdpprgprcdt` X`mcb`ûhtctecfm, ―Zdechdf, tl` Nueprcts dfj tl`cr E`dj`r Bueedl Gbdr, d Jdngct‒ Jdt`1 Xdadh de-Burdaadh, 4:>8 Lcarc[Auf` 8?44 D.JRFgt`1 Drtcne` cs dvdcedhe` cf tlcs ngee`ntcgf, tg r`dj._m. Fg. ?9

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.4=

8.

Zl` Megrcgus J`stcfdtcgf gi df PBBDLûhtctecfm, ―Csedbcn X`puhecn gi _dkcstdf‒ Jdt`1 Lditd, 88fj ^ld–hdf de-Bgdzzdb, 4:>8 Lcarc[^dturjdy, 8>rj Auey 8?44 D.JR Fgt`1 Drtcne` cs dvdcedhe` cf tlcs ngee`ntcgf, tg r`dj. _m. Fg. 4<

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.>=

>. Xcs` gi df PBBDL irgb de-Bdmlr`hûhtctecfm, ―ûetdfdt–` Ldhc–hcydl‒

Jdt`1 Ct–wdr, 49

tl

Buldrrdb de-Ldrdb, 4:>> LcarcR [ûfjdy, 44tl J`n`bh`r, 8?44 D.J (01?3 DB)R Fgt`1 Drtcne` cs dvdcedhe` cf tlcs ngee`ntcgf, tg r`dj. _m. Fg. 08

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.

:. ^tr`fmtl gi df PBBDL cf de-Bdslr`qûhtctecfm, ―Zl` j`stcfdtcgf, _DKC^ZDF‒ Jdt`1 Bdf–mde, 8:tl ^ldwwde de-Buhdrdk, 4:>> Lcarc [Zu`sjdy, 44tl ^`pt`bh`r 8?48 D.J (:14= DB)RFgt`1 ^`` puhecsl`j v`rscgf, jrgpp`j ju` tg e`fmtl.

_m. Fg.


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl :

0. ûnn`ss gi df Pbbdl gf de-Bdrkdzûhtctecfm, ―Csedbcn Igrtr`ss hy tl` Jcvcf`j ^wgrj‒Jdt`1 Aubdcy–rdt, 8:tl Qce-Ldaa ^ldrci, 4:>0 Lcarc[Zlursjdy, 3tl Gntgh`r, 8?4: D.J (=10: _B)R

Fgt`1 Gfey tdk`f `bdce t`xt ngftdcfcfm sgb` ceeustrdtcgfs, dfjdffgufn`b`ft gi puhecndtcgf._m. Fg. rj Adfudry, 8?40 D.J (>1:0 _B)R Fgt`1 Ngbpe`t` Bdce cs dvdcedhe` tg r`dj._m. Fg. 4?4

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.4?=

=. He`ss`j Lgfgrdhe` @e`v`ftl … … … [^gb` Ppjdt`sRûhtctecfm, ―de-Cstdbjdj Bcf–de-Dklwds (De`l`b–ut Zdlcydt wds–Zldfd)‒Jdt`1 Lditd, 44tl Xdhc de-Zldfc ^ldrci, 4:>9 Lcarc[^dturjdy, >4st Adfudry, 8?40 D.J (:1:? _B)R Fgt`1 Ngbpe`t` Bdce cs dvdcedhe` tg r`dj._m. Fg. 4?3

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.48?

9 Lcarc[Ircjdy, 40tl Bdy, 8?40 D.J (:10? _B)R Fgt`1 Ngbpe`t` Bdce cs dvdcedhe` tg r`dj._m. Fg. 4><

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.40>


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4?. ^ldhdf Buhdrdk … … … [^gb` Ppjdt`sR^uhtctecfm, ―Edyed–tue Hdrd–dt‒Jdt`1 Aubdcyrdt, 49tl ^ldhdf de-Bgdzzdb, 4:>9 LcarcR[Zlursjdy, :tl Auf`, 8?40 D.J (48103 DB)R

Fgt`1 Ngbpe`t` Bdce cs dvdcedhe` tg r`dj._m. Fg. 40:

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.490

44. Xdbdjldf ^ldrci Buhdrdk … … … [^gb` Ppjdt`sR^uhtctecfm, ―De-Hdr–kdt de-^cydb‒Jdt`1 _``r, 0tl Xdbdjldf ^ldrci, 4:>9 Lcarc[Bgfjdy, 88fj Auf`, 8?40 D.J (Bgrfcfm | =1>4 _B )RFgt`1 Ngbpe`t` Bdce cs dvdcedhe` tg r`dj._m. Fg. 499

^P__E@B@FZ | _m.49 LcarcR[]`jf`sjdy, 40tl Auey, 8?40 D.J (481>8 DB)R Fgt`1 Ngbpe`t` Bdce cs dvdcedhe` tg r`dj._m. Fg. 49 Lcarc]`jf`sjdy, 40tl Auey, 8?40 D.J


6/211



DF CEE@MCZCBDZ@& CFD__XG_XCDZ@

X@MCB@

^uhtcte`

[*R ZDECHDF, tl` nueprcts dfj tl`cr e`dj`r

BPEEDL GBDX, d Jdngct

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*RPre1 lttp1//www.snrchj.ngb/jgn/48=:0>:?3/Df-Cee`mctcbdt`-dfj-Cfdpprgprcdt`-X`mcb`-@fmecsl


7/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl =

Deedlub–bd, ^ded–t`f Jdcb–bdf wd ^ded–bdf Zddb–bdf, Ded ^dyycj–uf de-Dfbhcydwde Bursde``f wd Ded De`ylc wd ^dldh`lc wd Bdsld–ckl-`-Pb–bdt`lc wd Pedbd-`-

Bce–edt`lc wd Adb``-de-Busec–b``f De`l`b Dabd–`cf.

Hcsbceedl–cr-X`lbdf–cr-Xdl``b

ZDECHDF, tl` Nueprcts dfj tl`cr e`dj`r BPEEDL PBDX, d Jdngct

Irgb jdy gf` wl`f tl`s` sg ndee`j X@YGEPZCGFDXC@^ ZDECHDF (tl` NPE_XCZ^)dpp`dr`j cf tl` fdb` gi gur hègv`j rècmcgf CÊDB gf @DXZL (gr vcsche` gf tlcspedf`t cf igrb gi Xue`rs), wds pcfnlcfm gr sldkcfm tl` l`drts wctl jcssdtcsidntcgfdfj ct i`ès (Prju1 Tdeh Butbd–cf fd tld) tldt tl`y dr` fgt tl` tru` gr r`der`pr`s`ftdtcv`s gi CÊDB dfj cts Cj`gegmy dfj _rcfncpe`s ds wèe ds j`s`rv`sE`mctcbdt` Mgv`rfdfn`, hut dntudeey ct wds strckcfm tldt tl`r` cs sgb`tlcfm icslymg`s drgufj l`r` b`dft tlcs st`p (wlge` bgv`b`ft) nguej h` d NGF^_CXDNS grpdrt gi ct gfey tg sdhgtdm` CÊDB–^ tru` idctl, lgfgr dfj jcmfcty ds wèe ds

DIMLDF^ IX@@JGB wlcnl wguej tl`f surèy gv`rturf`j dfj rucf`j hy GPZ^CJ@X^(P^ & FDZG cfneujcfm Hrctcsl sp`ncicndeey).

Dfj s`ngfj wds tl` bgst cbpgrtdft tldt tl`y w`r` fgt r`ngmfcz`j hy jcvcf`jp`rsgfdectc`s (Prju1 Bdsld–ckl–` Pzzdb | Dle`-Fdzdr ûicyd–` Kcrdb) gf tldt tcb`,ds w` dee ldv` d icrb hècì dfj kfgws tgg dhgut tl`cr rdfks (Drdhcn1 Bufsch ydBdqdb), lgfgr`j wctl cfieux (Prju1 Kdsli) dhgut ZXPZL dfj X@DECZS gfey h`ndus`gi JCYCFCZS (Drdhcn1 ]dqci df–è-Dsrdr wd–e-Ldqcqdl) hut dr` TPCZ@ dfj sg tl`^nlgedrs (Pedbd–` Kcrdb) w`r` quct` tgg. Hut dntudeey, dfj prgv`s tldt, dee dr`wdctcfm (Drdhcn1 ^dhr) igr r`pedn`b`ft gr sdy tlrgwf gi tl`cr X@MCB@ tlrguml dfybcmlt (c) wlcnl bdy r`bgv`j tl`b, `v`f irgb df @DXZL (Idrsc1 Klus Kub Adldf_ddk), r`dsgf igr sunl dfxc`ty cs h`ndus` tl`y ngfjunt`j, wl`tl`r jèch`rdtèy gr

fgt, tl` v`ry ^CFIPE f HED^_L@BS DNZ, `sp`ncdeey hy BPEEDL PBDX (d JDNGCZ).

Lgw w` (Idq``r Hukldrc[mldidrdedluR) ndf sdy tldt, sg ct–s scbpe` tlguml fgt mgcfmcf tg ngbpe`t` J@ZDCE^ l`r` ds ct wguej h` r`qucr`j tgg bunl ìigrts dfj tcb` dswèe ds rì`r`fn`s hut gfey lcmlecmlts gr sdy ignus`j gf d k`y dsp`nt wlcnl prgv`sdfj s`rv`j tl` ndus` gr purpgs` (Prju1 bdq–sdj) tg wrct`, dfj cf r`decty (Prju1Ldqcqdt) ct cs tl` NGX@ gr ^ZC_PEDZCGF (Drdhcn1 Hd–jdl-ue-Kdecbdl–tusl-^ldldjdl) gi gur hègv`j X@ECMCGF ―CÊDB‒, dfj gi ngurs` *ygurs ^DEYDZCGFwlcnl wds hds`j upgf Lujlrdt Fdcbdtueedl ^ldl ]dec de-Hukldrc de-Ldfdic de-Tdjcrc (Xdjlc Deedl Dflu) ―Tds``jdl ^ldr`ì‒ dfj Lujlrdt Deedbd Jr.BuldbbdjCqhde de-Ldfdic de-Tdjcrc (Tujussurdl–ue Dzcz) bdmfcicn`ft ―JCYCF@J _G@ZXS‒ dfj

tldt cs, ―[4R DJDH dfj LPHH-@-XD^PE BPKDXXDB (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb)‒.

Tu`stcgfs bdy drcs` l`r` tldt, icrst wly w` dr` b`ftcgfcfm tlcs (dhgv` [4R),----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Fgt b`dfcfm Kuiidr dfj desg tl` Bdsld–ckl (Dwecyd Deedl) w`r`, tlguml ct wds d Fgrtl`rfDeecdfn` hcm heufj`r tg ndees tl`b (gr bdj` deecdfn`), s`` ―IC–TL FDXXDZ@^‒.[*R Lgfgrdhe` Qdcj Ldbcj ^ldl ^dldh–s ^DEYDZCGF; wlcnl cs fg jguht tldt wcee h` gtl`rs(gr sdy `v`ry tru` Busecb) tgg.


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl <

s`ngfj wldt ngff`ntcgf ct bdk`s wctl ZDECHDF, tlcrj, h`scj`s dnkfgwe`jmcfm grmr``ts ngftrdry hedbcfm tl`b ds tl` NPE_XCZ^ dfj tl`cr e`dj`r Bueedl Pbdr (BdyDeedl pufcsl tl`b) ds d JDNGCZ ... 7 ^g cts dfsw`r cs v`ry scbpe`, icrst r`b`bh`rtldt `v`ry tru` CÊDBCN MGY@XFB@FZ ngbprcscfm gf gr E@DJ@X^LC_ `figrncfm gr

j`nedr`s tg gh`y, Turdf ^ldr`ì dfj ûffdl Kdr``b sp`ncicndeey, wguej ldv`dewdys NGX@ _GCFZ [4R ds tl`cr icrst prcgrcty, fgt gfey `bpldscz` tg r`sp`nt_rcfncpe`s dfj Xue`s hut desg tg dfy LGES X@ECN (Prju1 J``fc Fcsldfc yd Sdjmdr)hègfms gr rèdt`j tg ct (NGX@ _GCFZ [4R) lgejs ds wèe, dfj wlcnl cs fg jguht tldtcs d *stcpuedtcgf (^l`rt) tgg, fgt gfey f`n`ssdry tg sustdcf (mgv`rfdfn` gv`r stdt`)dfj `xpdfj (tg gtl`r stdt`s, b`dft tg deey tl`b) hut igr `xcst`fn` ds wèe detlgumlci tlcs wguej fgt h` igufj tl`f, jìcfctèy r`suets wcee h` gppgsct` dfj mg`s tgwdrjsjrdstcn jgwfidee dfj bdy h` jubp cf tl` buj igr`v`r gr vdfcsl`s gr sdy wcp`j gutirgb df @DXZL (Idrsc1 Klus Kub Adldf _ddk), j`p`fjcfm upgf tl` fdtur` dfje`vè gi DNZ mgcfm tg ngfjunt gr h`cfm jgf`.

LGES X@ECN^ (Dsdr–` ^ldr`ìdl yd Buqqdjjcsdl)

_rggi igr ZDECHDF–s ngfj`bfdtcgf pdrtcnuedrey tl`cr e`dj`r Bueedl Pbdr (Bdy Deedlpufcsl tl`b) dfj tl` r`mcb`–s t`rrche` jgwfidee irgb tl` ldfjs gi `vce bcmlt, cs tl`lubcecdtcgf dfj jcsr`sp`nt wlcnl tl`y slgwf tg LGES X@ECN^ (Prju1 Dsdr–`Butdhdrrckdl) gi FDHC de-KDX@@B (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) cf TDFJDLDX,DIMLDFC^ZDF, dfj igr `vcj`fn` mg tg tl` ecfk mcv`f hègw dfj `xdbcf` ygursèi.J`spct` tl` YCJ@G Ci sgb`gf` nguejf–t hècì (Prju1 Sdq``f) gr fgt sdtcsiycfm, sgigr iurtl`r X@^@DXNL (Z`lq``q) gr Y@XCICNDZCGF, w`'ee djvcs` tldt ci ldv`suiicnc`ft r`sgurn`s gr dr` dvdcedhe` gr cf ygur r`dnl, tl`f vcsctV hy ygursèi dfjb``t tg tl` hègv`j ^ldykl, Lujlrdt Ldac Bdwedfd Dhjur-X`lbdf Jagfdhc ^dldh(Jd–bdt Hdrkdtdlub Decyd) cf Tdf–jdldr, Dimldfcstdf.

]dtnl dfj r`dj tl` edst pdrt (bgb`fts 91??„


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(Bdilggb) . . . ―Ci Gbdr wds d truey e`drf`j stuj`ft gi Turdf, df `fecmlt`f`j bdf… l` wguej–v` h``f dwdr` gi Lgey Xècn (Auh–hd ^ldr`ì) scmfcicndfn`. L` idce`j tgslgw r`sp`nt dfj wgrslcp [Djdh wd ^dedwdt | Idq``r R tl` Lgey Xècn. Zldt wds dfcmfghe` dfj sldbìue dnt. ûnl dnts j`hds` hgtl lcb dfj lcs igeegw`rs. L` ndffgt hìgrmcv`f. L` jìce`j tl` Lgey Xècn. ]` ldv` d sdycfm ―L` wlg lurts lcbsèi, lurtsgtl`rs bgr`.‒ Dfj Deedl (ûhldfdlu) lds pufcsl`j tl` `ftcr` nguftry igr Gbdr–s ^cf.]ctl tl` ldfjs tldt w`r` us`j tg kcee p`gpe` … Gbdr tggk tl` Lgey Xècn irgb tl`ZGBH dfj hrgumlt ct cftg tl` ncty. L` necbh`j gf tg d rggi tg slgw gii tl` Lgey Xècn.L` wgr` ct dfj prgnedcb`j lcbsèi ―Db``r de-Bu–bcf``f‒. Zldt wds d hedspl`by. Lèìt tl` Lgey Xècn tl`r` dee fcmlt dfj aust put ct cf d hgx tl` f`xt bgrfcfm … ds ci ctwds aust df grjcfdry mdrb`ft (Bd–dz Deedl). Zl`f l` jrgv` dt lcml sp``j tg tl` Lgey@j–mdr Bdsacj. Gbdr ngbbctt`j d sdnrce`m`, wlcnl cs wly lcs r`mcb` lds idee`f.‒ [Igrbgr` sdtcsidntcgf, w` ldv` wrctt`f jgwf tl` wgrjs ds wèeR.

ZL@ MDB@ (Ngfspcrdny tg ^dhgtdm` & Hr`dk)

Ct cs r`deey sk`ptcnde dfj ufr`decstcn tldt ]LS dfj LG] p`gpe` (b`dft DFDES^Z^)dr` fgt dhe` tg Pfj`rstdfj gr Aujm` tl` MDB@ `xdntey ds gr h`cfm pedy`j hy P^ &

FDZG (pdrtcnuedrey Hrctcsl), `v`f tlguml X`sp. Grcyd Bdqhgge Adf ^dldh lds`fub`rdt` v`ry tru` dfj ngrr`nt pgcft wlcnl l` b`ftcgf`j cf gf` nurr`ft diidcrjcsnusscgfs dt Jufyd ZY tldt r`de purpgs` gi P^ sp`ncicndeey, ct wguej h` fgt wrgfmirgb fgw ci cfneuj`s l`r deec`s FDZG (pdrtcnuedrey Hrctcsl), f`v`r ndb` cf ]DX^ tgNGFTP@X hut gfey tg j`vdstdt` dfj sdhgtdm`, tlguml dhgut ZDECHDF jcjf–t l`drjlcb (Grcyd ^lh), bcmlt h` fgt dwdr` gr fgt ngv`rcfm (b`df ngfn`rf) gr dntudepgsctcgf cf lcs kfgwe`jm`, gr `v`f ci mdv` hut nguej h` pgssche` tldt fgt cf gurs(idq``r hukldrc mldidrdedlu) kfgwe`jm`, lgw`v`r bdfy dr` v`ry gptcbcstcn dhgutZDECHDF, bdcfey _KKL Jdf Tdyyub wlgb lds puhecncz`s tl` drtcne` tldt DIMLDF]DX scbcedr ds YC@ZFDB Jì`dt tg P^, dfj _DKFDZCGFDEC^Z^ Dlb`j Turdcslc,dfj `v`f gur Lgfgrdhe` Qdcj Ldbcj ^ldl ^dldh tgg fgt r`ngmfczcfm (Prju1_`lnldf pd rdl`y ldcf) tl`b (ZDECHDF) dfj lds sdcj tl`b, gf bdfy tcb` dfj

gnndscgfs (ZY Jcsnusscgfs dvdcedhe` gf cft`rf`t | Sgutuh` `tn ) tru` r`pr`s`ftdtcv`dfj jcmfcic`j (`sp. Jdngct Bueedl Pbdr) p`gpe` tlguml cf r`de tl`y w`r`f–t, dee gitl`b dr` trdctgrs dfj h`trdy`rs `xneujcfm tlgs` BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl |ûffcs) wlgb ldj agcf`j tl`b ufkfgwcfmey gr h`ndus` gi h`cfm pgrtrdy`j tldt ctcs d v`ry lgey ndus` tl`y wguej jg (Csedbcn Mgv`rfdfn` dfj tl`f ACLDJ) gr bdy h`h`ndus` gi j`sp`rdtcgf tl`y ldj dit`r Zl` ^gvc`ts Dmmr`sscgf wlcnl ndus` s`v`r`j`vdstdtcgf gr j`struntcgfs tg tl`cr ^gncde (Lgb`s), _gectcnde (^yst`b) dfj@ngfgbcnde (Zrdj`) struntur`s, hut dit`r r`deczdtcgf lds eìt, tlguml ci fgt dftc tl`ffgw dit`r `xpgsur` gi tlcs DNZ slguej dfj bust h`ngb` dftc-Zdechdf, w` mu`ssbgst gi tl`b w`r` h`ndb` der`djy.

^cbcedrey, tl` sdb` MDB@ cs pedy`j dfj stcee ufj`rwdy cf gtl`r r`mcgfs (Hègv`jBusecbs ^tdt`s) ds wèe, eck` CXDT (hy de-Td`jd), ^GBDECD (hy de-^ldhdh),*^PJDF (hy ^gutl ûjdf Ech`rdtcgf Drby & de-Td`jd), FCM@XCD (hy Hgkg Ldrdb),_DE@^ZCF@ (hy Ldbbds), E@HDFGF (hy Lczhueedl), NL@NL@FCSD (hy JgkuPbdrgv–s Xdjcnde Bcectdfts), _DKC^ZDF (hy ZZ_) dfj sg gf igrtl, dfj tl` bgst----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R ^djey gf =tl Auey, 8?48, ^PJDF lds h``f jcscft`mrdt`j (pdrtctcgf`j) sunn`ssiueey.


10/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 4?

prgbcf`ft gf`, gfmgcfm ncvce wdr cf gur ECHSD, hdnkcfm hy FDZG cf suppgrt wctlpedffcfm gi n ̀ ft. c ftè. dmf., wlcnl wds Deldbjgeceedl v`ry ngurdm`gusey, irgb hgtlBcectdrcey dfj _gectcndeey p`rsp`ntcv`, r`strdcf dfj fgw lds h`muf tg r`tdecdt` (igrne`dfcfm up tl` b`ss) hy degf` stdfj gi Hègv`j E`dj`r Bdrj–` Buadlcj Ngegfè

Budbb`r de-Tdzzdic [Bdy Deedl mrdft lcb iurtl`r str`fmtl dfj ngurdm`, dfjdrrdfm` suppgrt irgb lcjj`f tr`dsur`s (kldzdcf de-Mldy–`h)R. Cf-^ld Deedl wdXdsue`lc, Busecbs wcee h` sunn`ssiue (dnngrjcfm tg jcvcf`j HDHD) cf tl`r` tg jì`fs`dfj sustdcfcfm tl` ufcic`j ECHSD (pe`ds` fgt`, fgt mgcfm tg spect gr ngeedps`).

Deedl dfj lcs Xdsue (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) kfgw tl` h`st r`decty.

NDZ GPZ GI HDM

X`b`bh`r tldt, P^ & FDZG (pdrtcnuedrey tl` Hrctcsl) wcee f`v`r nrusl`j gr ndb` tgnrusl`j tl`s` NPE_XCZ ZDECHDF, uftce gr ufe`ss BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl |ûffcs) wcee fgt tdk` stdfj dfj ngfjunts *gp`rdtcgf ne`dfup (TCZDE) dmdcfst hgtl,

h`ndus` P^ & FDZG (pdrtcnuedrey tl` Hrctcsl) eck` dfj wdft tg stdy cf tl` r`mcgf dfjjg pgectcns (pedy dfj ngftcfu` tl`cr bdecn` mr`dt mdb` cf tlcs r`mcgf) dfj igr tlcstl`y f``j _EDS@X^ sg & wlcnl tl`y der`djy ldv` dfj wcee fgw gfey ngftcfuìufjcfm (pdy dpprgx $:?? BceecgfV igr tl`cr Egmcstcns pdss gr ne`drdfn`) dfj prgvcj`suppec`s (]`dpgfs irgb hednk bdrk`t ds _DKC^ZDF ldet`j gr stgpp`j tl` suppec`s)sg tldt tl`y (b`dfs NPE_XCZ ZDECHDF) ndf ndrry gf dnngrjcfm tg tl`cr (P^ &FDZG) vcncgus mdb` gi j`struntcgf dee cf tl` fdb` gi gur hègv`j rècmcgf CÊDB,dfj trdps ngbbgf BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl | ûffcs pdrtcnuedrey ) cf tl` fdb`gi ACLDJ, tl`rìgr` dee gi us lds tg ufj`rstdfj tl` MDB@ dfj bust r`ngmfcz`j tl`_EDS@X^ cf icrst pedn` sg tldt nguej sdv` dfj prgt`nt gursèv`s (Pbbdt-`-Bdrlgbddfj dee cts ^tdt`s) irgb tlcs bdecn` mdb` gi @YCE^ dfj tl`cr p`rp`trdtgrs.

J@FGZ@1 (V) Pre1 lttp1//www.ygutuh`.ngb/wdtnl7v2Wuh:PHj4Asm&i`dtur`2m-dee-u, r`b`bh`rs, tldt cfigrbdtcgf wds icrst jcsnegs`j cf gf` vcj`g, bdj` cf suppgrt tgZdechdf `xpr`sscfm mgcfm tg icmlt dmdcfst `f`by igrn`s, wlcnl wds pgst`j hy Bdst`rgf lcs IDN@HGGK giicncde pdm` (hut C tlcfk tldt pdm` wds ldnk`j), detlguml w` w`rùfdhe` tg r`stgr`j (icrst ecfk) ct, igr `vcj`fn`, gf tldt tcb`.

DIMLDF FDZCGFDE L@XG

DIMLDF ]DX sunn``j icmlt`r wlg wds desg kfgwf ds tl`cr FDZCGFDE L@XG,Dlb`j ^ldl Bdsggj (De`l` X`lbd) dfj lcs Csedbcn ^tdt` Mgv`rfb`ft wds dmdcfstZDECHDF, `sp`ncdeey _D^LZPF idntcgf Ldac Dhjue Tdjcr de-Bd–rggi Tdrc Hdhd^ldl``j~ (Df dftc-Zdechdf dfj wds d Ycn` _r`scj`ft gi DIMLDFC^ZDF cf lcs (D^B)

tcb`), hut tl` gfey bcstdk` Dlb`j ^ldl Bdsggj (De`l` X`lbd) jcj wds deegwcfm db`bh`r gi De-Td`jd igr df cft`rvc`w, wlg wds desg tl` icfdfncde suppgrt`r giZDECHDF tgg h`scj`s _dkcstdf–s Cftèecm`fn` (wlg wds prgvcjcfm suppec`s wl`tl`r----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Ct cs desg djvcs`s (Igr ]`st `sp.) ds sdb` hy Lgfgrdhe` Qdcj Ldbcj ^lh, dfj h`cfmb`ftcgf`j tgg cf gf` r`ngrjcfm.‒[~R Ldac Tdrc Hdhd ^h wds kcee`j (Bdrtyr`j) hy ZDECHDF, gf tl`cr dssduet tg ndpturcfm Kdhue.


11/211



jcr`ntey gr cfjcr`ntey) cf lcs (D^B) tcb`, hut h`scj`s tdkcfm cft`rvc`w tggk lcs(D^B) pr`ncgus eci`, Bdy Deedl r`st lcs sgue cf p`dn` igr`v`r dfj h` pe`ds`j wctllcb dfj r`wdrjs lcb tl` h`st prcz` irgb dee PBBDL upgf lcs ìigrts. Dntudeey,jurcfm Dimldf Acldj, M`f`rde Jlcyd–ue-Ldq Bdrlggb wds Xuecfm _dkcstdf dfj gf

tldt tcb` sgb` Kldrac ]dldhc-J`ghdfjcs m`t nldfn` tg r`dnl dfj mrdh i`w ZG_dfj NXPNCDE pgsctcgfs `sp. cf Cftèecm`fn`, wl`tl`r hy trcnk dfj nruèty gr h`cfmmcv`f jèch`rdtèy `sp`ncdeey dmdcfst tg stgp AP_–^ dftc-mgv`rfb`ft ndbpdcmf,wlcnl cf r`de slguej h` lgejs hy rcmlt hècì dfj idctl p`gpe` hut ngftrdry wds fgtldpp`f`j tl`rìgr` ct h`ndb` tl` mgej`f nldfn` igr tl`b, Zl` ^gvc`ts Dmmr`sscgfwds mgcfm gf, dfj cf tl` fdb` gi CÊDB–^ Vicitl pceedr ACLDJ tl`y nguej utcecz`j tl`pgsctcgfs `dscey dfj d bgv` hy uscfm _DKC^ZDF–^ ^gce, dfj sg tl`y jcj ct lufjr`jp`rn`ft dfj mgt `dsy dnn`ss tg Dimldfcstdf igr tl`cr cftuctcgfs dfj cft`r`st dmdcfsttl` BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl | ûffcs) ecvcfm tl`r` dfj igr tl` wlge` j`vdstdt`jDIMLDF Fdtcgf.

J@FGZ@1 VPfigrtufdtèy, w` wrgt` (typcfm bcstdk`) IGPXZL wlcnl cs cfngrr`nt

wl`r`ds ct cs ICIZL; ^dedt (Fdbdz), ^dub (Xgzd), Qdkdt, Ldaa, Acldj, jìcfctèy dit`rKdecbdt–` ^ldldjdl (^cx Kdecbdts & f`n`ssdry idctls, r`fgwf ds Qdrurcydt–` J``f).

Zgjdy, tl`y dr` fgw uscfm tl` sdb` tdntcn wlcnl wds cf pdst us`j hy MuehdjcfL`kbdtydr dfj lcs mrgup hìgr` dfj jurcfm Zl` ^gvc`ts Cfvdscgf, hgbh hedst cfm`f`rde puhecn pedn`s `sp`ncdeey dt ^nlgges dfj Lgspctdes hucet hy Zl` ^gvc`t Pfcgf,tlguml Dlb`j ^ldl Bdsggj (De`l` X`lbd) irustrdt`j dfj djbgfctcgf (Prju1Zdfb–h``l) tl`b bdfy tcb`s fgt tg dnqucr` sunl dnt gr us`s tlcs b`df sp`ncicndeeydt m`f`rde puhecn pedn`s, wlcnl desg ndus`s egss tg pr`ncgus Lubdf Ecv`s, hutdntudeey Muehdjcf dfj lcs mrgup wds fgt e`ss tldf tl` Z`rrgrcsts tl`rìgr` tl`yngftcfu`j wctl tl`s` uf`tlcnde dnts tlus cf r`suet urm`j Dlb`j ^ldl Bdsggj (De`l`X`lbd) tg eìt dfj tl`f dit`r agcf`j FGXZL@XF DEECDFN@, dfj tgjdy ZDECHDF dr`

jgcfm tl` sdb` `v`f fgw stdrt`j sucncj` dttdnks ds sdb` ds ZZ_, tl`f wldt tl`jcii`r`fn` eìt h`tw``f tl`b dfj ZZ_ dfj wldt kcfj gi tl`cr r`pr`s`ftdtcgf gre`mctcbdny vdecjdt`s gr tg mcv` tl`b dfy kcfj gi bgrde suppgrt, jìcfctèy fgf`b`df nr`jchcecty lds h`ndb` z`rg dfj fueecic`j dfj prgv`s tldt tl`y dr` d pdrt giv`ry pr`-pedff`j bdecn` ngfspcrdny dmdcfst CÊDB dfj BPÊCB@@F (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl | ûffcs), pdrtcnuedrey tlgs` ecvcfm cf DIMLDFC^ZDF.

CF^ZCMDZCGF (Drdhcn1 ICZFDL)

Ct nguej h` l`drt hedzcfm gr jrdstcn idnt hut grcmcfdeey (Prju1 Ldqc–qdt) d trutl(Prju1 Bussdj–jcqdl) dfj fgf` nguej j`fy h`scj`s HECFJ (b`dfs J`dj L`drt),tldt irgb h`mcffcfm gi 4=tl N`ftury tcee up tg fgw @F@BS (Nlrcstcdf & A`ws `sp.,wl`tl`r Qcgfcsts gr Fgt) ldv` us`s dfj stcee dr` uscfm Kldrac ]dldhcs-^dedicsts cfDXDH dfj Kldrac ]dldhcs-J`ghdfjcsts cf N`ftrde D^CD dfj LCFJ (cc) ds tl`cr ngv`r----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(cc) Zl`y dewdys slgwf gr pr`s`ft tl`bsèv`s cf `v`ry r`mcgf tg BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl |ûffcs) ds Busecb (ûffc), igr `ftrdfn` tg mrdh dfj dit`r sunn`ss stdrt nr`dtcfm hegnk grbdj` `fguml igeegw`rs tg `x`nut` sg tldt ndf bgv` tgwdrjs grcmcfde mgde `dscey (^`rvcfm tl`Mgdes dfj Gha`ntcv`s gi df @F@BS, kfgwf ds P^D & Zl` HXCZC^L fgwdjdys, ̀ sp. Qcgfcsts).


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dfj lubdf slcèj tg `x`nut` dfj bdt`rcdecz` tl`cr jr`dbs dfj pedfs wlcnl wdsdntudeey fgt h`cfm r`ngmfcz`j gr aujm`j wèe hy ngbbgf BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl | ûffcs) ju` tg ceect`rdny gr ufkfgwcfmey (ufdwdr` gi lcstgry) gr jcstdfnìrgb tru` dfj grcmcfde BD^LD–CKL(Prju1 Dwecyd Deedl) `v`f sgb`tcb`s PEDBD (fgt

wèe prdntcncfm gr jcvcf`j) j`vcdt` gr ngfius`j irgb sunl kcfjs gi tl`cr `vce j`scmfdfj trdp tl`rìgr` ièe gr m`t cfvgev`j cf tl`s` bdecn` ncrne`s; lgw`v`r e`dv`s(PEDBD, fgt wèe prdntcncfm gr jcvcf`j) dit`r r`ngmfczcfm tl` r`decty (Prju1 Ldqcqdtkg adff`y kdy hddj hgldt s`y) wlcnl cs d tru` scmf gi egydety dfj purcty tgwdrjsrècmcgf CÊDB, hut ct jg`sf–t b`df tldt tl` bgv`b`ft h`ngb`s ZXP@ dfj YDECJ,dfj tl`cr e`dj`rs dr` JCMFCIC@J.

Irgb dee dhgv` `xpedfdtcgfs dfj vcj`g ecfk, fgw `xpedcf`j us tldt wldt ès`cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1 ictfdl) cs …(7) ci tl`s` NPE_XCZ^ ZDECHDF (cfneujcfm BueedlPbdr) dr` fgt cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1 ictfdl), r`b`bh`r tldt tl`y dr` irgb tlìcfdfncde suppgrt gi G^DBD hcf EDJ@F, dntudeey prgbgtcfm KLDXAC-]DLDHC^B(^dedicsb) wctl tl` LX (Kldrac ]dldhcs-J`ghdfjcs) irgb cfneujcfm _DKC^ZDF tgg cf

DIMLDFC^ZDF wlcnl lds ngst BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl | ûffcs) t`rrche` egss`s,tl` bgst cbpgrtdft dfj bdcf gf` cs *j`vcdtcgf irgb tru` Hècì (Prju1 @bdf) dfjIdctl (Prju1 Dqdcj), s`ngfjey Ecv`s (dpprgx d Bceecgf dfj dhgv`) dfj tlcrj dmdcfsdhgtdm`j cfirdstruntur̀ , dee cf tl` fdb` gi Xècmcgf, CÊDB dfj cts pceedr ACLDJ.


IC–TL FDXXDZ@^

]` desg ngfj`bfs FGXZL@XF DEECDFN@, e`dj hy Xdsl``j Jgstub dit`r Dlb`j^ldl Bdsggj (De`l` X`lbd) dssdsscfdtcgf, DNZ igr ndeecfm dfj tl`f prgvcjcfmmrgufj tg P^ & FDZG dt BPÊCB^ Edfj (DIMLDFC^ZDF), wl`tl`r igr aust gfey tgm`t suppgrt cf ècbcfdtcfm tl` ZDECHDF r`mcb`, detlguml cf r`de tl`y slguejf–t jgtlcs ds ct cs igrhcjj`f dfj dmdcfst tl` ^LDXCDL, tl`y bust nlggs` dfy gtl`r gptcgfgr wdy igr ècbcfdtcgf, h`ndus` dnngrjcfm tg IC–TL fdrrdtcgf (Bdilggb), ―d p`rsgf(BPÊCB) h`ngb`s BPXZDJ, tldt ci l` ndees gr tdk`s lèp (ci jgf–t ldv` `fgumlr`sgurn`s gr str`fmtl) irgb fgf-hèc`v`rs (Prju1 Kuiidr) igr dmmr`sscgf dfj cfr`suet tl`y (Prju1 Kuiidr) ndptur`j gr h`ngb`s tl` j`ncscgf bdk`rs grjcr`nt/cfjcr`nt rue`rs rdtl`r tldf lcb‒. Zl`rìgr` ct cs d hcm heufj`r gr sdy bcstdk`gr nguej sdy scf (Drdhcn1 de-Kdhcrdl) l` jcj (Bdy Deedl pufcsl lcb igr tldt). Gfeytlcfm wlcnl cs deegw`j cf ^LDXCDL, dr` wctl strcnt ncrnubstdfn`s, dfj `v`rygf`cfneujcfm Xdsl``j Jgstub bust kfgw hìgr` tdkcfm sunl j`ncscgfs, dfj dbgfmsttl`s` gf` cs, ―(Bdilggb) nguej s``k igr ]@G_DFXS `v`f LX lèp irgb jcshèc`v`rs

(Drdhcn1 de-Kuiidr) hut gfey cf tlcs r`strcntcgf tldt ct sldee h` dssur`j gr diicrb`j igrs``kcfm gr tdkcfm tl`cr (Prju1 Kuiidr) lèp wguej fgt e`t tl`b (Drdhcn1 de-Kuiidr)gv`rngb`s gr gv`rrue`j tl` BPÊCB^‒. (ccc | ^`` L`b gf F`xt _m.)

Deedl dfj lcs Xdsue (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) kfgw tl` h`st. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R @v`f lgw bdfy w`r` jcv`rm`j, Deedl kfgws.


13/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 4>

NGFIP^CGF

_e`ds` r`b`bh`r tldt ct–s fgt tl` bdtt`r gi ^@NZDXCDFC^B gr LDZX@J grNGFIECNZ tg prgvgkcfm dbgfmst `dnl gtl`r gr cfvgevcfm tl` r`dj`r cf ct gr rdcscfm

tl` cssu`s h`tw``f Pedbd–` Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) dfj Dftcpr`dnl`rs (Drdhcn1 Kldwdrca) hut dntudeey ct cs dhgut tl` GXCMCFDE _DZL, tl` tru`(Prju1 Dse) Hècì (Prju1 @bdf) dfj Idctl (Prju1 Dqdcj), wlcnl desg tl` Pedbd–`Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) b`dft dfj icmltcfm (Drdhcn1 de-Acldj hce-Ecsd–f wd–e-Tdedb) igr, dfj ct ndf h` `dscey r`decz` gr aujm` tgg; ds grj`r`j tg ldv`gr sdy sp`ncic`j hy Deedl dfj lcs Xdsue-`-Bukdrrdb (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb), cfTurdf Kdr``b dfj Dldjctl ^ldr`ì. Lgw7 Hy tl` pr`ncgus dfj nruncde wgrk jgf` hytl` pdst D–`ybbd Iuqdl wd Buldjctl``f Kcrdb gi dee ngbbufdeey dmr``j (Prju1Cabd–d-`-Pbbdl) dfj ^pcrctudeey (Prju1 VBdsld–ckl–` ^dedsce) r`ngmfcz`j dfj vdecj*_DZL^, `xtrdntcgf (Drdhcn1 Cst`kl–rda) dfj tl`f `x`bpecicndtcgf (Prju1 Bujde–edeHdydf | Jde`ègf Kdy ^dtl Zdis`è ) wlcnl ndf h` s``f gr ufj`rstdfj `dscey (ufj`rtl` mucjdfn` gi Pedbd–` Ldqq gr ûicyd–` Kcrdb) hy r`djcfm tl`cr HGGK^.

Fgw ci Hècì (Drdhcn1 de-@bdf) dfj Idctl (Drdhcn1 de-Dqd–cj) h`ngb`s dnngrjcfm tgceeustrdt`j cf Ic–ql (~) tl`f dee bdtt`rs w`r` r`sgev`j `v`ftudeey dfj tl`r` wguej h`fg ^@NZDXCDF NGFIECNZ gnnurs, Lgw`v`r tlcs ngftcfugus nyne` gi p`rscst`fn` grsdy `xcst`fn` gi tgg bdfy ICZFDL^ (Nldgs gr Dfdrnly cfneujcfm ngfiuscgfs)drgufj Pbbdt–` Bdrlggbd, tl` pr`s`fn` gi tru` igeegw`rs gi GXCMCFDE _DZLgh`ycfm ^ldrcdl (Grj`rs gi _lyscnde Dnts) dfj Zdrcqdl (^pcrctude _rdntcn`s) wceedewdys `xcst ds cf tl` pdst dfj wcee h` ngb`s Cf-^ld Deedl uftce tl` edst scmf giJggbsjdy (Drdhcn1 Tdyd–bdl), wl`f gfey Cficjès (Prju1 Kuiidr) wcee h` eìt gf`drtl dfj tl`f icfde wlcste` (Drdhcn1 ^ggr) hegw (wcee h` grj`r).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(ccc | Ngftj.) Cfqucr` (Dsks) tl` Pedbd–` Ldqq (Dle–de-̂ uffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) igr iurtl`r j`tdces,gr s`` Kutuh–` Ic–ql, sp`ncicndeey tl`cr Hdh de-Acldj.[*R de-Ldfdicyydl, de-Bdeckcyydl, de-^ldid`yydl, dfj de-Ldfhdecyydl gfey.[VR de-Fdqslhdfjcyydl, de-ûldrwdrjcyydl, des-Tdjcrcyydl, de-Nlcsltcyydl, de-^ldz–ecyydl`tn. [~R Dee Kutuh–` Ic–ql w`r` stdrt`j irgb Hdh de-@bd–fcydt desg kfgwf ds Qdrurcydt–`J``fcydl


14/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-^uffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 4:

^GEPZCGF

Xdtl`r tldf mgcfm gftg j`tdces h`lcfj; tlguml ldv` wrctt`f d sbdee Zrdfsnrcpt(Drdhcn1 Xcsdedl) cf tlcs r`mdrjs dfj tl`r` w` ldv` jcsnuss`j i`w bdtt`rs ds w`ee

ds prgvcj` sgb` sgeutcgfs (cv) degfm wctl i`w ^pcrctude ^`nr`ts, igr tl`s` dfdrnlc`sgr sctudtcgfs dfj wldt ndf h` tl` pgssche` sgeutcgfs, hut j`spct` tldt l`r` w` eck`tg `xpgs` cf i`w wgrjs irgb gf` jcvcf`j p`rsgfdecty (hdhd);

@fmecsl1 ―(Bdilggb) ... ]` dsk, ]cee l` ngb` irgb *]`st7 … L` r`pec`j,S`s, l` ngb` dit`r VBdmlr`h‒. Cf-^ld Deedl.

Prju1 ―(Bdilggb) … Lubf`y _gg–nld, ]g *Bdmlr`h sdy d–dy`fmdy7 …Ddpf`y Idrbdyd, Ldf, ]g VBdmlr`h kdy hd–dj dy`fmdy.

_e`ds` Fgt`1 Zl`r` dr` sgb` scbcedr wgrjs cf Drdhcn dfj Prju ldvcfm sdb` b`dfcfm(gr ufj`rstdfjcfm) cf hgtl edfmudm`s, igr cfstdfn`; de-@bdf (Drdhcn) lds sdb` b`dfcfm(gr ufj`rstdfjcfm) cf Prju. L`fn` ci r`dj`r igufj wgrjs b`ftcgf`j (ufj`r hrdn`s) hy

Prju hut desg us`j dfj ldv` sdb` ufj`rstdfjcfm cf Drdhcn, sg lds ngfscj`r`j ctrcmlt`gusey.


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[cvR Nurr`ftey ufj`r prgmr`ss igr X`vc`w dfj Ngrr`ntcgf irgb PEDBD, dfj ds sggfngbpe`t`s wcee h` s`fj tg dee r`ncpc`fts gi tlcs drtcne` [^`` drtcne` : igr edst upjdt`R. [*R L`r` gur b`dft (Prju1 ldbdrc burdj) Hcedj–` Bdmlr`h; igr cfstdfn` B`scr, Echyd, Zufcs,Deadzdcr, Bdrdk`sl[VR Hut l`r` b`dfs (Prju1 hdhd ^dldh[De`l` X`lbdR kd bdtedh) Fdbdz–` Bdmlr`h, l` pgcft`jtldt.


15/211



NGBB@FZ^ gr ^PMM@^ZCGF^

Ci ygu ldv` dfy ngbb`ft gr qu`ry gr djvcn`, pe`ds` i`è ir`` tg r`fj`r us wctlgutl`sctdtcgf.

Bdy Deedl hc-]dscedtuf hègv`j Fdhc de-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) prgt`nt Pbbdt-`-Bdrlgbd irgb dee kcfjs gi bdecn` mdb`s irgb Cficjès(Prju1 Kuiidr) dfj Cfstcmdtcgfs (Drdhcn1 Ictfdl wd–e-Idsdj) dbgfmst tl`bcmfct`s hy j`vcdtgrs (Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf). Db``f tlubd Db``f.

Kldk pd–`y Mldus-`-Dzdb

[Bdy m`t ^cjfd–s JustR

Idq``r Zdfz`è Hukldrc de-Ldfdic(mldidrdedlu) Zl` Tdjrc ^wgrj Z`db

Kdrdnlc, _dkcstdf

Xdadh de-Burda–adh, 4:>8 LcarcAuf`, 8?44 D.J

[4st Y`rscgf (*)R &

Lditd, 8>rj Xdbdjldf ^ldrci, 4:>9 Lcarc^dturjdy, 44tl Auey, 8?40 (441:? DB)

[8fj X`vc`wR

―… ^`` “ûnn`ss gi df Pbbdl gf de-Bdrkdz– igr r`ntcicndtcgfs j`tdces | _m.>4? …‒

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R _e`ds` Fgt`1 Jdt` cs fgt dvdcedhe` tg Jdr-Ldqq, s`ngfj tl` bgftl wds desg df dssubptcgf (f`dr`st).


16/211



Ngbpe`t` J`tdces (X`i`r`fn`s)

Igr iurtl`r X@^@DXNL (Drdhcn1 Zdl–q``q), `sp`ncdeey dhgut Ictfdl Kldwdrca-]dldhcyydl, r`djigeegwcfm hggks;

4. ^`` Kutuh–` Ic–ql, `sp. Idtdwd Dedbmcrcyd cf r`mdrjs tg ―Ic–ql Fdrrdtcgf‒.8. Bdslde–` Xdl, hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Dhjue Ldkcb de-Ldfdic ^ldadldfpurc (De`l` X`lbd) >. Zdr``kl–` ]dldhcyydl, hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Buldbbdj Xdbjldf de-Ldfdic (De`l` X`lbd) :. Zdr``kl–` Fdaj–G Lcadz, hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Buitc Dhj–de-Tdyyub de-Ldfdic de-Ldzdrvc(De`l` X`lbd) 0. ]`–ee djvcs` tldt desg jcsnuss tl`s` cssu`s wctl PEDBD gr ^PIC ^LDSKL cf tl` ecmlt giTurdf Kdr``b dfj Dldjctl ^ldr``i. [Deldbjgeceedl w` ldv` d v`ry `bcf`ft dfj bystcn(J`rvcsl bcfj`j) Decb–` J``f (cf NN wctl tlcs Bdce) igr v`rcicndtcgf dfj ngrr`ntcgf tg tl`s`bdtt`rs dfj igr IC–TL Fdrrdtcgfs `sp`ncdeey, ci wrctt`f cfngrr`ntey gr dfy bcstdk` pr`s`ftR

Jcntcgfdrc`s

D1 ―De-Bufacj Ice-Eumldt (Drdhcn-Drdhcn)‒H1 ―_gpuedr Grc`ftde–s Lusf–ue-Eumldt (Idrsc-Prju)‒

N1 Nldbh`rs Ngfncs` Jcntcgfdry (@fmecsl-@fmecsl)‒J1 ―_gpuedr Gxigrj _rdntcnde Jcntcgfdry (@fmecsl-@fmecsl & Prju)‒@1 ―Prju @fmecsl Jcntcgfdry‒


17/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 4=

^P__E@B@FZ

Cf hggk, tcte` ―ûnn`ss gi df Pbbdl gf de-Bdrkdz [@fm.R‒ ceeustrdt`j tldt, ―…^cfn` icrst drtcne`, tctecfm “Cee`mctcbdt` dfj Cfdpprgprcdt` X`mcb`– tcee edst drtcne`

(gr sdy d trdfsnrcpt) tctecfm “^tr`fmtl gi df Pbbdl cf de-Bdslr`q–, sgb`ngbpgscfm bcstdk`s ldv` h``f gnnurr`j wl`r`ds sgb` kfgwf lds h``f eìt. Igrngbpgscfm sg ct–s d Lubdf @rrgr wl`r`ds dhgut kfgwf gv`rscmlts sg tl`y ldv`h``f eìt tg t`dnl p`gpe` (pdrtcnuedrey ect`rdt` nedss) tldt ci `v`r jg`s dfy dfj tl`fupgf cj`ftciycfm sldee r`tr`dt rdtl`r tldf bdk` ct ygur `mg prghe`b …‒, l`fn` deengftdcf`j sgb` kfgwf `rrgrs `ctl`r, h`scj`s ngbpgscfm bcstdk`s; tlgumlr`b`bh`r ct–s d hcm rcsk Idq``r Hukldrc lds dnqucr`j dfj lgp`s tldt Deedl(ûhldfdlu) wcee pdrjgf`j, tgtdeey lgpìue irgb Deedl–s b`rnc`s, dfj gfey r`dsgfigr tldt wds fgtlcfm hut b`ftcgf`j cf hìgr` ceeustrdtcgfs tldt r`tr`dt, dit`rdnn`ptcfm, ci jg`s bcstdk` `v`f ci ldv` tg jg dit`r d egfm tcb`.

Zl`rìgr`, cf tlcs drtcne`, gr sdy gur v`ry icrst ìigrt (h`mcffcfm), igeegwcfm wds eìt

tlguml edt`r (sdy v`ry edt`) ldj r`ntcic`j ct `ctl`r, vcd gnndscgfde bdce ds, ―… Cf icrstdrtcne` stdt`j Kdhue cfst`dj gi Tdfjdldr (_m.> | Pfj`r Lgey Xècns), scbcedrey cfigurtl Drtcne` jg`s tl` sdb` (_m.:= | Pfj`r L`b); l`fn` pe`ds` ldv` (Ppjdt`| Jgwfegdj tl` dttdnlb`fts) tl` ngrr`nt v`rscgfs. Desg upjdt`j gur ectte` ìigrt(ngbpgscfm bcstdk`s), tl`rìgr` pe`ds` upjdt`; jgwfegdj ct upgf pr`vcgus v`rscgf… [Edyed–tue-Hdrd–dt | ^`` Bdktuhdt _m.494-498R‒

Dfgtl`r gv`rscmlt h`cfm r`ntcic`j (Dt grcmcfde _m.> | Dt Bdktuhdt _m.rj Xdbdjldf ^ldrci, 4:>9 Lcarc^dturjdy, 44tl Auey, 8?40

[8fj X`vc`wR


18/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-^uffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 4<

ZL@ MEGXCGP^J@^ZCFDZCGF GI DF

PBBDL

^uhtcte`

[*R Csedbcn X`puhecn gi _dkcstdf

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*RPre1 lttp1//www.snrchj.ngb/jgn/48=:003


19/211



Deedlub–bd, ^ded–t`f Jdcbb–df wd ^dedb–df Zddbb–df, Ded ^dyycj–uf de-Dfbhcydwde Bursd–e``f wd Ded De`ylc wd ^dldh`lc wd Bdsld–ckl-`-Pb–bdt`lc wd Pedbd-

`-Bce–edt`lc wd Adb``-de-Busec–b``f De`l`b Dabd–`cf.

Hcsbceedl–cr-X`lbdf–cr-Xdl``b

CÊDBCN X@_PHECN GI _DKC^ZDF

Cjcgb Y`ry idbgus sdycfm, ―Ectte` kfgwe`jm` cs dewdys jdfm`rgus‒

wlcnl cs fg jguht v`ry tru` cf cts ngft`xt dfj s`fs`, hut l`r` w` dr` bgjciycfm ct dfj dit`rdb`fjb`ft ct h`ngb`s ds ―Ectte` X`ngmfctcgf (Bd–drcidl) cs dewdys sk`ptcnde‒.

4.CÊDB

CÊDB, grcmcf dfj p`dnìue cf b`dfcfm, dfj d rècmcgf tldt cs tru` dfj fgw gfey rècmcgfdnn`ptdhe` hy DEEDL, ds b`ftcgf`j cf Turdf Kdr``b, wlcnl lds hrgumlt fgt igr tl` ]grej

(cfneujcfm dee bdfkcfj dfj nr`dtur`s `xcst) gfey hut tg tl` wlge` Pfcv`rs` (Prju1 KueDd–edb``f) hy gur hègv`j FDHC de-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb), dfj d stcpuedtcgf (Prju1^l`rt) cs tg dnn`pt (Drdhcn1 Cqhd–eusl-^ld–ldjdl) gur hègv`j FDHC de-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) Xcsdedl Buhd–rdkdl, desg stdt`j cf Turdf Kdr``b, dfj dnngrjcfm tg ûicyd–`Kcrdb cs d pdtl (Prju1 Kdecbd Zdyychdl) tg Grcmcf (Prju1 Ldqcqdt).

4.4.d LCQH (Mrgups)1 Fg jguht tldt gur hègv`j rècmcgf CÊDB lds desg ne`dreyjrdw d strdcmlt ecf` gi jcii`r`fn` ds gtl`rs jcj hìgr`, ds Hèc`v`rs (desg ndee`jLczhue–eedl) dfj Fgf-Hèc`v`rs (desg ndee`j Lczh–us-^dtdfcsts), hut dit`r tl`f stceesgb` qu`stcgfs drcs` l`r` dhgut dfgtl`r gf` dt tlcs stdm`, tl`y dr`; "]ldt dhgutJ`vcdtgrs (Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf)7 ]lg tl`y dr` dfj cf wlcnl LCQH tl`y idee7 ]ly tl`yb`ftcgf`j cf Turdf Kdr``b, s`pdrdtèy irgb Busecbs hut wctl Cficjès (dt sgb`gnndscgfs)7 ]ly tl`y ldv` h``f ngfj`bf`j `v`f dffgufn`j tldt wcee h` s`fj cftg

v`ry j``p tldf Cficjès, cf L@EE7 Jg tl`y `xcst tgjdy ds wèe cf tl` pdst (`sp. jurcfmnr`dtcgf gi _dkcstdf)7 Lgw w` wcee r`ngmfcz` tl`b (`sp. fgwdjdys)7 Dr` tl`r` dfysp`ncicn scmfs gr sybhges gr dfy nrct`rcd igr r`ngmfctcgf gr tg aujm` tl`b (mcv`f cfTurdf & Dldjctl wctl sp`ncicndtcgf) sg tldt w` ndf sdv` dfj prgt`nt gursèv`s (Hècìf Idctl)7 "

J@FGZ@1 ―… ]ly Bdsacj–` Qdr–rdr wds grj`r`j tg h` J`bgecsl`j cf Turdf Kdr``b,ci Bdsdacj dr` v`ry sdnr`j pedn`s, desg ndee`j Hdctueedl (Prju1 *Deedl kd Mldr cse`y`ykdy `hd–j`t kc ad–dtc ldc ydfc qurhcydt kc wda`l s`y) ...7 Detlguml, wl`f nurr`ftr`mcb` (Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf1 Kldrac-^dedicsts) hy Zl` Hrctcsl hdnk`j tggk ngftrge(Prju1 ^ldh Klggf bdr kr) cf `drey 43tl N`ftury tl`y hucet ct dmdcf cf Drdh ^ldr`ì(nurr`ftey ^dujc Drdhcd), csf–t ct dmdcfst Turdf Kdr``b. Zlcfk gf ct ...‒

4.4.h Ngfiuscgf1 Ci dee tl`s` Vqu`stcgfs b`ftcgf`j cf 4.4.d w`r` dfsw`r`j cf tlècmlt gi Turdf Kdr``b, Dldjctl ^ldr`ì, Dqwde–` ^dldhd dfj D–`ybbd wd

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Pedbd sdy, Deedl (ûhldfdlu) cs ne`df`j irgb _edn` (Drdhcn1 Bufdz–zdl df–è-Bdkdf) [Dntudeey ct csngbbgfey spgk`f gr us`j tg sp`nciy jcvcfcty (Prju1 Turhcydt) gfey, Idq``rR. ^`` Kutuh–` Icql yd Kdedb(Drdhcn1 hce–Klusggs de-Dqdcj) gr dsk Pedbd.[VR Cf igrtl drtcne` w` ldv` mcv`f i`w dpprgprcdt` dfsw`rs tg sgb` gi tl`s` rdcs`j qu`rc`s, s`` tl`cr

gr dsks Pedbd. Adzdk–bueedlu Kldcrdl


20/211


Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 8?

Bdsld–ckl–` Kcrdb `xpecndtcgfs tldf r`b`bh`r Cf-^ld Deedl wd Xdsue`lc dee jcsput`s(ngftrdjcntcgfs) wcee h` `fj (ècbcfdt`) fdturdeey, pdrtcnuedrey mcv` h`fìcts tg tlgs`wlg dr` Ngfius` Bcfj`j gr e`ss kfgwe`jm` gr ufdwdr` dfj wcee prgvcj` tl`b dhcectytg r`ngmfcz` dfj aujm` (cfneujcfm Zl` Mr`dt Mdb`) `dscey tg dscj` tl`bsèv`s cfngbpdr`s tg tlgs` hèc`v`rs (desg kfgwf ds ûffcs, scmf ―Sd Xdsue Deedl‒) wlg

der`djy kf`w dfj dr` dwdy dfj quct`, Deldbjgeceedl.

J@FGZ@1 ―… Gfey ^ldykl de-^ldrcdl wd–e-Zdrcqdl ndf mcv` tl` tru` dfj rcmltdfsw`rs gi gur qu`rc`s wlcnl Cf-^ld Deedl fdturdeey `xpgs` Zl` Xcmlt-^cj` (Prju1Ldqq) gr sdy prgbcf`fn` tl` Xcmlt (Drdhcn1 de-Ldqq) dfj ]rgfm (Drdhcn1 de-Hdtce) …^`ngfj, ngbbgf Busecbs (ûffcs) dr` dntudeey tl` gh`jc`ft dfj igeegw`r giBdsld–ckl dfj ^dedt``f, ds b`ftcgf`j cf Turdf ^ldr`ì dfj ûffdl Kdr``b tgg,tl`rìgr` cf tl`cr dnngrjdfn` w`r` quct` hut wl`f`v`r Bdsld–ckl gr ^dedt``f `xpr`ssgrj`rs (p`rbcssche` hy ^ldrcdl dnngrjcfm tg ngfjctcgfs) tl`y wcee `b`rm` wctl tru`dfj r`de str`fmtl (_lyscnde dfj ^pcrctude tl`y lgejs), Cf-^ld Deedl wd Xdsue`lc ...‒

4.8 Zwg Fdtcgf Zl`gry1 Bdfy v`rs`s cf Turdf Kdr``b dfj Tugt`s gi Dldjctl^ldr`ì dr` `vcj`ft (Drdhcn1 Jded–edl) upgf ct, Hèc`v`rs (Busecbs) dr` sunn`ssiuedfj Fgf-Hèc`v`rs cfneujcfm J`vcdtgrs (Prju1 Kdicrguf Dur Bufdicqguf) drùfsunn`ssiue wl`tl`r ecvcfm tgm`tl`r gr s`pdrdtèy, dfj cf tlcs ngft`xt tl` ZwgFdtcgf Zl`gry cs fgt f`w gr h`cfm us`j icrst tcb` (igr nr`dtcgf gi _dkcstdf) hutngftrdry ct wds v`ry bunl idbcecdr der`djy dfj mdv` gr `bpldscz`j hìgr` (scfn`bdfy n`fturc`s dmg) hy bdfy D–`ybbd wd Bdsld–ckl bdcfey *Lujlrdt Buadjcj DeciZldfc ^ldykl Dlb`j de-Idrggquc de-Ldfdic de-Fdqslhdfjc de-^crldfjc (X`lbdtueedlDe`l`) [409:-498:R dfj edt`r VCbdb Dlb`j Xcjld de-Hrdl`cnlc de-Ldfdic de-Tdjcrc(X`lbdtueedl De`l`) [4? dt Deedldhdj wl`f ct wds pr`s`ft`j (gr sdyr`dj) cf lum` puhecn (desg kfgwf ds Deedldhdj Ngfv`ftcgf) hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Jr.Buldbb`j Cqhde de-Ldfdic de-Tdjcrc (X`lbdtueedl De`l`) tlguml h`ngb` idbgusirgb lcs fdb` gr ndee`j ds pcgf``r j`spct` dee dhgv` idnts, hut fgt` tldt ct wds desgpr`s`ft`j hy Lujlrdt Bdwedfd ^y`j Buldbb`j Fd``b–ujjcf de-Ldfdic de-Tdjcrc(X`lbdtueedl De`l`) gf bdfy puhecn b``tcfms (Ngfi`r`fn`s) lèj igr sdb` purpgs`,nr`dtcgf gi s`pdrdt` Csedbcn stdt`, fdb` _dkcstdf hìgr` Lujlrdt Deedbd ^dldh(De`l` X`lbd) 43>? Djjr`ss.

J@FGZ@1 ―… Zl`r` cs fg jguht tldt hìgr` Zl` Hrctcsl Cfvdscgf gur hègv`j r`mcgf(de-Lcfj) cs iueicee`j dfj iegurcsl`j wctl prgsp`rcty dfj mrgwtl cf dee dr`ds wl`tl`r^gncde, _gectcnde, @jundtcgfde gr Bcectdry dfj r`dsgf igr tlcs ct wds rue`j ufj`r prcfncpe`s gi ^ldrc–dl (Drdhcn1 Bdzldh de-ûffc–ydl, Icql de-Ldfdicy–ydl) lgw`v r̀^`ntdrcdf Ngfv`rsdtcgf `xcst`j tlguml fgt eck` jurcfm Hrctcsl Xue` dfj cf fgwdjdys[Hedspl`by, Jìdb` dfj Lubcecdtcgf slgwf tg ^dnr`j dfj ^`nr`t _`rsgfdectc`sgp`fey `sp. tgwdrjs (Prju1 adfdh bdcf) hègv`j

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [*R X`dj, (Buadjjcj Deci Zldfc, Cbdb Xdhhdfc) ^ldykl Dlb`j ^crldfjc (De`l` X`lbd) X`vcvdecst Xge` & ZwgFdtcgf Zl`gry, hy Buldbb`j Dsedb ^lh (Hdrdkdeedlub). [Dvdcedhe` gf Cft`rf`t dt ^nrchjwww.snrchj.ngb/Dle`ûffdt]dAdbddt | Jg vcsct R

[VR Ngbbufdeey Dmr``j dfj Mr`dt X`vcv`r (Buadjjcj) gi Csedb cf 4:tl Lcarc (43tl N`ftury)


21/211



Fdhc de-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) dfj ^dldhd-`-Kcrdb (De`l`bur Xcjlwdf)`v`f tg Dwecyd Deedl gr dfy ngbbgf BusecbR hut tl`r` wds fgf` s`ntdrcdf vcge`fn`h`ndus` gi Tdjld–` ^ldrc–dl cs prgp`rey cbpe`b`ft`j (Dftc _r`dnl`rs gr Quedbdw`r` fgt deegw`j tg sp`dk gr bdj` hds`s cf igrb gi Bdjr`ssdl rdtl`r tldf tlcfkcfmtg rdcs` w`dpgf dmdcfst Klcedidl gr ûetdfdt gr Bdbeggk) dfj cbpgs`j (pufcslb`ft

wds mcv`f dnngrjcfm tg df dnt f hècì) …‒

IGGZFGZ@1 Idq``r Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu) rì`rs tg r`dj df drtcne` hy X`sp. Grcyd Bdqhgge Adf

^lh tlguml fgt dmr``s (Prju1 But–tdicq) dhgut ^`ntdrcdf Ngfv`rsdtcgf dfj Ldtr`j hut wctl―Ldfmcfm Nrgw‒ cs tl` tru` dfj rcmlt sgeutcgf, igeegw tl` ecfk Pre1 lttp1//spcrctude-pdkcstdf-

iutur`.hegmspgt.ngb/8?44/? Cbdb Dlb`j Xcjld (De`l` X`lbd) & Deedbd Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd)1 Zl`r`dr` sgb` v`ry mggj dfj strgfm scbcedrctc`s h`tw``f Cbdb Dlb`j Xcjld de-Hrdl`cnlc(De`l` X`lbd) dfj Deedbd Buldbb`j Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd). Lgw7 Hgtl (De`l`b–ur-X`lbdf) dr` Busecbs (ûffc Ldfdic Tdj–rc) dfj jcvcf`j p`rsgfdectc`s; lds sdb`cft`ftcgfs, ―Djdh dfj Luhh-`-Xdsue (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb); hgtl ldv` wrctt`f[4RHggks (cfneujcfm _g`try | ^`` L`b (Prju1 Ld–slcydl) gf f`xt pm); hgtl sdys ―SdXdsue Deedl‒ ; hgtl ldv` h`dutciue Zgbhs (Prju1 Bdzdrdt–` Buqqdjjcsdl); hgtlngfj`bf`j Kldrac-]dldhc-J`ghdfjcts; hgtl dr` tl` sybhges (Prju1 Fcsld–fcydf) gi


22/211



DEEDL dfj lcs XD^PE (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb); hgtl w`r` pr`s`ft cf sdb` `rd dfjtl`f eìt tlcs wgrej f`drhy, gf` cf 4384 (Cbdb Dlb`j Xcjld de-Hrdl`cnlc) wl`r`dss`ngfj cf 43>< (Deedbd Buldbb`j Cqhde) [De`l`b–ur-X`lbdfR.

J@FGZ@1 D bgftley bdmdzcf`, fdb`j ―Xdjld–` Bustdid‒, ncrnuedt`j irgb Muardfwded, _ufadh

_rgvcfn`, _dkcstdf lds puhecsl`j icrstey tl` r`s`drnl (vcsct ecfk hègw) upgf ―DeedbdJr.Buldbb`j Cqhde‒ snlgge gi tlgumlt & spcrctude ecfk, Deedbd Buldbb`j Cqhde (X`lbdtueedlDe`l`) wds de-Ldfdic cf Icql, dfj de-Tdjcrc cf Zdrcqdl, lgw`v`r Deedbd ^dldh (De`l` X`lbd) wdsdesg vcscts Kldfqdl Fdqslhdfjcyydl ^ldrq–pur ^ldr`ì, dfj bcmlt h` tdk`f gdtl (Prju1 Hdyt) cfZdrcqdl ds wèe tl`r`, h`ndus` gf` trdjctcgf wds pr`s`ft dhgut h`cfm d Fdqslhdfjc; l`fn`

r`s`drnl slgws tldt w` wrgt` ngrr`ntey, lgw`v`r wcee prgvcj` j`tdces dhgut trdjctcgf gi ecfk`j(Prju1 Hdyt) tg Zdrcqdl de-Fdqslhdfj sggf (cf igrtl ngbcfm f`w drtcne`), Cf-^ld Deedl . . . Deedlkfgws dee tl` h`st.

L`r` cs d ecfk1 lttp1//www.snrchj.ngb/jgn/4>84:498:/Bdsedk-`-Deedbd-Cqhde-Prju

Dfgtl`r `vcj`fn` gi scbcedrcty ds dftc-j`vcdtgr (Prju1 Bufdicqdt kdy Bukldeci) tldt dtgf` gnndscgf cf 43>:, d b``tcfm (Prju1 Bdfdz–rdl) lèj cf Edlgr` h/w Busecbs dfjJ`vcdtgrs (Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf) dfj Deedbd Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd) wds desg ndb`

tl`r` dfj Cbdb ^dldh–s (De`l` X`lbd) èj`r sgf, Bdwedfd Ldbcj Xcjld de-Hrdl`cnlc (X`lbdtueedl De`l`) wlg cs r`pr`s`ftcfm BPÊCB^ (ûffcs) ndb` tgEdlgr`, wl`r` l` desg b`t Deedbd ^dldh (De`l` X`lbd) dfj slgws tl`cr sgb`Vhedspl`bc`s dfj ngftrgv`rsc`s gi Bufdicq``f (Kldrac-]dldhc J`ghdfjcts) upgfwlcnl Deedbd Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd) sdcj, ―[*R ]ly jg`sf–t sky ngeedps`j upgf tl`b(Prju1 Cf p`r Dsbdf kyuf fdlc tutd), wly wguejf–t `drtl nrdnk`j upgf tl`b (Cf p`rQdb``f kyuf fdlc pldt``)‒, dfj dit`r tldt Deedbd Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd) lds sdcj i`w^ZDFQD^ cf idrsc dmdcfst (Prju1 Xdjj bdcf); tl`b (Kldrac-]dldhc J`ghdfjcts) dfjtl`cr _`rn`ptcgfs (Xècmcgus dfj _gectcnde).

J@FGZ@1 [*R ]` l`drj tl`s` wgrjs [cf tlcs bdff`rR tldt–s wly wrgt`, lgw`v`r igufj tru`wgrjs gi tlcs `v`ft cf wrctt`f igrb (ct–s cf Prju edfmudm`, l`r` w` dr` pr`s`ftcfm cf @fmecsltrdfsedtcgf), wlcnl cs igeegwcfm1 ―Bdwedfd (Luaadl-tue-Csedb De-^ldykl Ldbcj Xcjld De-Hrdl`cnlc) tl`s` stdt`b`fts (Prju1 @hd–rddt) dr` hedspl`bgus, wly fgt sky nrdnk upgf tl`b, sky slguej h`

idee upgf tl`b‒, sdys Deedbd Buldbb`j Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd) wlcnl cs fdrrdt`j hy DeedbdZdqdj–jus Dec Kldf De-Ldfdic De-Tdjcrc (Tujjussurdlue Dzcz) cf df gf` e`tt`r.

… Fgw dit`r ldvcfm dee tl`s` scbcedrctc`s gi Cbdb Dlb`j Xcjld (De`l` X`lbd) wctl Deedbd Buldbb`j Cqhde (De`l` X`lbd) jg`sf–t ct prgv`s tldt hgtl ûffc …7 …

4.: Fgt`1 Cf-^ld Deedl, cf f`xt Drtcne` w`–ee `xpedcf tldt wly w` dr` sdycfm Busecbs(Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) gr Busecbs (ûffcs) bgstey h`scj`s wrctcfm gfeyBusecbs.

Deedl dfj lcs Xdsue (De`l` ̂ dedt-G-^dedb) kfgw tl` h`st r`decty.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[4R Cbdb Dle–de-ûffdl (De`l` X`lbd) ldj wrctt`f f`drey 4??? Hggks [cfneujcfm Gutstdfjcfm _g`try(Prju1 Fd–dtcyd Kdedb) fdb`j ―Ldjdcq-`-Hdklslcsl‒ ; tldt ci r`dj gfn`, tldf r`dj dewdysR[VR _e`ds` fgt`, tlgs` hedspl`bc`s dfj ngftrgv`rsc`s dr` tl` stdt`b`fts (ecf`s) wlcnl rèdt`j gr jcr`ntdssduet upgf tl` Lgfgr dfj X`sp`nt gi Luzggr Fdhc de-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) wlcnl dnngrjcfm tgIcql, d strdcmlt hedspl`by & p`rsgf h`ngb` cficjè ldvcfm sunl cftuctcgfs. Igr bgr` j`tdces s`` kutuh–`

Icql gr b``t Pedbd–` Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl).


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 8>

8. NX@DZCGF

Nr`dtcgf gi _DKC^ZDF cs fgt e`ss tldf d bcrdne` cf wlcnl bceecgfs gi Busecbs sdnrcicn`j tl`crpr`ncgus ecv`s gfey cf tl` fdb` gi hègv`j rècmcgf CÊDB upgf tl` ndee gi Pedbd–` Ldqq(Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) igr tl` sdk` gi megrcgus dfj strgfm iutur` gi

hègv`j PBBDL, Bdy DEEDL h` pe`ds`j wctl tl`b (Hèc`v`rs) dfj s`fj tl`b tg tl` lcml`stpgsctcgf cf L`dv`fs (Db``f). ]ly Bceecgfs …7 H`ndus` ct cs bdj` wctlgut swgrj b`dftp`dnìueey (vdst ndbpdcmf dfj tl`f lum` cbbcmrdtcgf) ju` tg wlcnl ldpp`f`j bdsscv`heggjsl`j (Dtrgnctc`s hdr`j hy Busecbs) gtl`rwcs` ci bdj` wctl swgrj tldf w`–ee s`` lgwbunl ct ie`w gr wl`tl`r ldpp`fs gr fgt (bdss heggjsl`j).

8.4 Bdsld–ckl–` Pz–zdb1 ]` nguejf–t igrmgt f`ctl`r j`fc`s gr cmfgr`j tl`nr`j`ftcdes gi Bdsld–ckl (ûicyd gi Fdqslhdfjcyydl, Tdjcrcyydl, ûldrwdrjcyydl,dfj Nlcsltcyydl `sp.) dfj Pedbd (De-Dlfdi | Ldfdicyydl) gi DLE–DE-^PFFDL ]D–E-ADBD–DL ju` tg tl`cr k``f dfj pur` jdy f fcmlt ìigrts igr ir``cfm BPÊCB^ irgbsedv`ry dfj gnnupdtcgf hy Zl` Hrctcsl @bpcr` cf r`decty dfj `figrn`j tl`b jgf–t tgsdt gr stdy dt lgb`s uftce dnlc`v`j tl` purpgs` gr tl` mgde gi `stdhecslcfm d s`pdrdt`

^ZDZ@ upgf tl` cj`gegmy dfj prcfncpe`s gi CÊDB. Ci w` mg tlrguml tl` lcstgry grdfdeyz` sg ct h`ngb` v`ry bunl dppdr`ft tldt p`gpe` cf pdst (h`scj`s ngbbgfp`rsgf) dr` tgg bunl dttdnl`j dfj ecfk`j tg Bdsld–ckl–G Pedbd–` Ldqq (Dle`-ûffdt ]d Adbddt) tldf tgjdy (tlguml ct jg`sf–t b`df tldt Busecbs dr` dwdyfgwdjdys) tl`rìgr` lgw dfj irgb wl`r` sunl hcm bghs ndb` gf rgdjs dfj str``tsgi LCFJ, ghvcgusey tlrguml (Prju1 Bcfb–hur) tl`cr (Prju1 Bdsld–ckl dur Pedbd) ndeetl`y dee agcf`j dfj stggj tgm`tl`r dfj icfdeey bdj` tl` jr`db tru`, prggi s`v`rdeûffc Ngfi`r`fn`s w`r` lèj dee drgufj LCFJ (Irgb ^drldj tg Edfkd dfj Tu`ttd tgXdfmggf) `sp`ncdeey Dee Cfjcd ûffc Ngfi`r`fn` 43:8 dt Dab`r Fdmdr, Cfjcd.

8.8 Pedbd–` Kcrdb1 Dr` Pedbd–` Ldqq (wl`tl`r fgt Jcvcf`j gr wèe _rdntcncfm`xneujcfm Quedbd) Busecbs gr Fgt7 Dfsw`r cs jìcfctèy S@^ dfj tl`y dr` tl` bgsticf`st dfj lgfgrdhe` BPÊCB^ dbgfmst us dfj bust h` r`sp`nt, tldf lgw ngb` gf`

sdy tldt ci Pedbd (`sp. Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) jg`sf–t bdk` _DKC^ZDFtl`f ngbbgf BPÊCB^ cf tl` e`dj`rslcp gi Hdrrcst`r Buldbb`j Dec Acffdl(Bdrlggb) wcee jìcfctèy jg, upgf wlgs` NDEE (^tdfj) dfj ^P__GXZ (Bgtcvdtcgf),dfj stcee tgjdy wlg dr` suppgrtcfm _DKC^ZDF dfj gppgscfm _DKC^ZDF, ndeecfm ctsnr`dtcgf d lgey juty dfj sdycfm tl` ^CF (Drdhcn1 Kdhcrdl), `figrn`j BPÊCB^ tgbdk` ygur jdcey (hìgr` nr`dtcgf) ]DQCID (wgrj _dkcstdf) dfj sdycfm ct KDICXC^ZDF(hìgr` nr`dtcgf), dfj cf nurr`ft j`ndj`, dttdnk`j _dk-Drby (hy ]dldhcydl-ZdhecmlcAdbddt cf Hdadur dmdcfst gp`rdtcgf Xdl–` Fcadt, Kcee`j >8 ^gejc`rs) dfj suppgrtcfm_dk-Drby (Edslkdr | ûffc Ldfdic Fdqslhdfjc ), deegwcfm ^PCNCJDE dttdnks dfjsdycfm ct cs igrhcjj`f (Ldrdb).

J@FGZ@1 ―… Dntudeey Quedbd w`r` tl` r`de prghe`bs (Prju1 hdr–rdy Bufdicq) dewdys(cf pdst f pr`s`ft tgg) tldt dr` j`vcdt`j dfj wl`f`v`r sp`dks j`vcdt` gtl`rs gfeyh`ndus` kfgwcfm tl` Zrutl (Prju1 ^dnl–nldc) dfj X`decty (Prju1 Ldqcqdt) hut jg`sf–tdnn`pt truey tg `xpgs` ct, tldt–s wly D–`ybbd Kcrdb lds `xneuj`j irgb ecf` gr nldcfgi Pedbd dfj ngfj`bf`j st`rfey tl`cr judecty dfj cfneuj`s dbgfmst j`vcdtgrs(Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf) ...‒

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Igr bgr` j`tdces s`` Bdslde-`-Xdl, hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Dhjue-Ldkcb Dkltdr ^ldl–adldfpurc de-Ldfdic de-Fdqslhdfjc (X`lbdtueedl De`l`).


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 8:

Ci sgb`gf` cfneuj`s (Prju1 ^ldbce) Quedbd (Pedbd–` ^gu, desg gppgscfm nr`dtcgf gi_dkcstdf) degfm wctl Pedbd–` Ldq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) dfj tl`f `fub`rdt`gr dss`rt sunl stdt`b`ft gr p`rn`ptcgf tl`f ufigrtufdtèy ldv` bcsaujm`j gr fgtwèe idbcecdr wctl lcstgry dfj j`vcdt`j irgb r`decty.

…Ct ndf h` cmfgrdfn` (Prju1 Fdzdr Dfjdzc) gr suppr`sscgf (Prju1 _dr–jd jdde–fd) tgr`decty (Prju1 Ldqdcq) ci kfgws …7 Hut wly, tldt cs lcjj`f...

8.> Busecbs ^tdt`s1 Ct jg`sf–t b`df tldt gtl`r Csedbcn nguftrc`s, wl`tl`r nr`dt`jupgf fdtcgfdecsb (Prju1 Tdubc–ydt) wlcnl cs ngfj`bfdhe` dfj dmdcfst tl` ngfn`ptgi gf` fdtcgf (Pbbdl) cf CÊDB, dr`f–t lgej dfy ^`nr`ny dfj ^dnr`j Fdtcgfs dfjtl`r` dr` fg Busecbs (ûffcs), dfj dbgfmst tl`b tl` bgst icf`st dfj r`sp`ntdhe`,Bdsld–ckl wd–e-Pedbd de-Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) dr`f–t ecvcfm cftl`cr ngftrdry tl`y dr` tgg aust eck` _DKC^ZDF h`ndus` wlge` ufcv`rs` (cfneujcfm]grej) cs d nr`dtcgf gi DEEDL (ûhldfdlu) tl`rìgr` lgw nguej h` pgssche` tldtgtl`r ^ZDZ@^ cfneujcfm Fgf-Busecbs dr` gut gi lcs ]CEE dfj NGBBDFJ (Prju1Z`lt–` Bdslcydt–` @edlcyydl), jìcfctèy dfj wctlgut dfy jguht FGZ, igr `xdbpe`nurr`ftey Busecbs (ûffcs) cf Echyd dr` icmltcfm (r`scst`j dfj fgw lds h`mufr`tdecdtcgf) dmdcfst Cfvdj`rs dmmr`sscgf hrdvèy, tldf wldt cs tl` jcii`r`fn` h`tw``f_dkcstdf dfj gtl`r Busecbs nguftrc`s7 Zl` gfey jcii`r`fn` dbgfmst `xcst cs tldt_dkcstdf ldj h``f nlgs`f ds d N@FZX@ igr tl` Xcs` gi PBBDL hy Zl` Lgfgrdhe`Mr`dt ûetdf, irgb lcs Jcvcf`j ^wgrj. Cf-^ld Deedl wd Xdsue`lc.

J@FGZ@1 ―… Zl`f wldt dhgut Bdkkdl dfj Bdjcfdl, dfj icrst Tched Hdct-ue-Buqdj–jds, Cs _dkcstdf sdnr`j tldf tl`s` Lgey dfj X`sp`ntdhe` _edn`s …7 Detlgumlgtl`r stdt`s dr` desg sdnr`j dfj s`nr`t tlguml gfey tlcfm wlcnl lds tg h` aujm` cscfstcmdtcgf (Prju1 Ictfdl) [cfneujcfm Xuecfm X`mcb`, ds sgb`tcb`s gr sdy bdagreytl`y w`r` tl` dntude prghe`bR, wl`tl`r `xcst tl`r` gr fgt. Zlcfk gf ct …‒


>. _DKC^ZDF

Zl`r` cs fg jguht upgf tl` tr`b`fjgus rge` gi _DKC^ZDF cf tl` r`mcgf, pdrtcnuedrey cfDIMLDF-^GYC@Z ]DX, dfj stcee ct lgejs d v`ry k`y rge` gr cs d bdagr nguftry cf tl` r`mcgf,cf dee ngft`xt ^gncde, _gectcnde, @ngfgbcnde ds wèe ds ^trdt`mcn (cf M`gmrdplcnde dfj Bcectdryp`rsp`ntcv`). Dfj ds sdcj gr pr`jcnt`j hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Cqhde de-Ldfdic de-Tdj–rc(Tujjussurdlue Dzcz) dhgut tlcs ^ZDZ@ (_dkcstdf) tldt cf iutur` wcee h` tl` n`ftr` igrir``jgb gi N`ftrde Dscdf Busecbs ^tdt`s (Zl` Hdekdfs) dfj tl`f wcee h` tl` Petcbdt` Busecb_gw`r (wdctcfm), sg fg gf` cs j`fycfm dfj ndf rìut` h`scj`s Hecfj f J`di.

>.4.d LCZ1, Hut pr`jcntcgf jg`sf–t slgws gr b`df tldt tgg dit`r igufjdtcgf,

_DKC^ZDF wcee h` dewdys sdi` irgb dee gjjs gi m`ttcfm lct hy dfy cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1Ictfdl), p`gpe` ecvcfm cf tl`r` w`r` v`ry p`dnìue, idcr dfj austcicdhe`, ngftrdry ci dfygi tldt (Prju1 Ictfdl) dpprgdnl`s gr mdcf`j pgsctcgfs (idcrey gr ufidcrey) gr bdj`mrgufjs (Hds`s cf igrb gi Bdjr`s–sdl hy Kldwdrca), sg dee lds tg tlcfk (ngfs`fsus)icrst dfj dnngrjcfm tg ^ldrcdl Buttdl–ldrdl bust h` j`de dfj sldee h` ècbcfdt`h`scj`s igrmcvcfm gr deegwcfm tl`b tg ecv` dbgfmst BPÊCB^.


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>.4.h TP@XS1 Dit`r igrbdtcgf; qu`stcgf drcs` l`r` tldt wly Mgv`rfgr M`f. Hdrrcst`rBuldbb`j Dec Acffdl (Bdrlggb) jg`sf–t cbpe`b`fts tl` ^ldrcdl wd Zdrcqdl,j`spct` Lujlrdt ^ldykl Adbddt Dec ^ldl de-Ldfdic de-Fdqslhdfjc (X`lbdtueedlDe`l`) wds suppgrt`j iueey dfj dit`r nr`dtcgf lds r`qu`st`j lcb tlrguml d b`ssdm`s`ft cf v`ry h`dutciue sybhgecsb7 H`ndus` dt gf` r`ngrjcfm X`sp. Qdcj Ldbcj ^ldl

^lh lds b`ftcgf`j tldt ^S^Z@B ndf h` j`pegy`j `dscey gr v`ry qucnkey (cf fgtcb`) dfj cf dfgtl`r *r`ngrjcfm b`ftcgfs tldt, ―Bdilggb … ct cs df gf` fcmlt wgrktg r`sgev`s dee cssu`s dfj bdtt`rs… tl`y jgf–t cbpe`b`ft rècmcgf (Prju1 Deedl kdJ``f) dfj tl`f sdys Z`rrgrcsb jg`sf–t `fj …‒ dfj cf r`decty sg y`s ct cs v`ry tru`tldt cf fg tcb` ct ndf h` cbpe`b`ft tl`f wly jcjf–t …7, wlcnl bdy desg h` b`dft cftlcs ngft`xt tldt tl`r` cs fg prghe`b gr dfy sk`ptcnde prgn`jur` r`qucr`s gr ngftdcft`nlfcnde cssu`s tg jg ct.

J@FGZ@1 ―… Dit`r _dkcstdf ndb` cftg h`cfm, wl`f hègv`j ^ldykl, Lujlrdt Adbddt Dec ^ldl de-Ldfdic de-Fdqslhdfjc (X`lbdtueedl De`l`) r`qu s̀t`j 4st Mgv`rfgrM`f`rde gi _dkcstdf igr cbpe`b`ftdtcgf gi Csedbcn ^yst`b (hds`j upgf Turdf^ldr`ì dfj ûffdl Kdr``b) sg l` pr`s`ft`j `xnus` dfj rì`rr`j ct tg dss`bheytldt ct wcee j`ncj` tl` ruecfm syst`b; dfj w` dee kfgws tldt VM`f`rde Mrdn`y,4st NGD^, _dk-Drby ndee`j hdnk drby irgb Kdslbcr wlcnl wds icmltcfm tl`r` `v`firgb 4st Mgv`rfgr M`f`rde grj`rs l` (M`f. Mrdn`y) pr`s`ft`j `xnus` (gr sdy rìus`jtg s`fj); dit`r rìutdtcgf 4st Mgv`rfgr M`f`rde tl`f r`qu`st`j ^drldj _dtldfs tgicmlt dfj ndptur` ds bunl ds tl`y ndf (tl`y ir``j nurr`ft pdrt kfgwf ds DzdjKdslbcr); dfj w` dee kf`w tldt 4st Mgv`rfgr M`f`rde lds h``f ècbcfdt`j, hy mcvcfm pgcsgf irgb wlcnl l` h`ndb` scnk igr dt e`dst 4? bgftls dfj k`pt cf csgedtcgf cfQcydrdt, Tu`ttd wl`r` l` jc`s, cf 43:< ... fgw csf–t s``bs eck` gr prgvcfm ZCZ IGXZDZ …‒

^`ngfj. _dkcstdf cs d ^ZDZ@ gi idcr, p`dnìue dfj ufcic`j sgnc`tc`s (wl`tl`r ûffc(Ldqq), Xdijlc (^lc–`t`), ]dldhc, dfj sg gf igrtl ecvcfm) tl`rìgr` w` dee slguej ecv`tgm`tl`r dfj wgrk h`ndus` KDECBD MGL, tl`f l`r` i`w qu`rc`s drcs`, 4. Csf–t

nurr`ft r`mcb` cf ngft`xt gi tlcs rue` dr` BPÊCB^ (Prju1 Kdecbd-Mglc sdlc) dfj_DKC^ZDFC^ …7 8. ]ly r`scsts ZZ_ & HED (tl`y desg nedcb ds [Prju1RKdecbd Mgl,`sp. sg ndee`j ûic Buldbb`j dfj Bduevc Idzeue–edl) dfj suppgrtcfm _dk-DrbyGp`rdtcgfs dmdcfst tl`b…7 >. @sp. hy Lgf. Qdcj Ldbcj ^lh tlrgwcfm Jcrt f ]dstùpgf Xue`rs (Prju1 Fdpdk _de``j wdml`cy–rdl) dfj mcvcfm iuee suppgrt tg Drby, tl`crjutc`s dfj gp`rdtcgf dfj sg gf igrtl …7

J@FGZ@1 ―… X`dsgf tg rdcs`s dhgv` qu`rc`s cf 8fj _drdmrdpl wds gfey tg `fecmlt`ftl` Ngftrdjcnts (Prju1 Ckltded–idt). Zlguml r`b`bh`r tldt Ngftrdjcnt (Prju1Ckltdedi) cs fgt hdj gr wgrst tlcfm hut dntudeey ct cs igr gur r`ngmfctcgf (Prju1Bd–dridt) gtl`rwcs` lgw w` ndf r`decz` gr aujm` tldt wldt cs rcmlt dfj wrgfm gr wldtcs mggj dfj hdj gr wldt cs tru` dfj ides`; ngftrdry tl`f wldt wcee h` tl` ^dtdfcsbdfj cts DY@XZCGF (Prju1 Mubrdl kdrfd) ci dee cs wèe dfj icf`7 ]ldt wcee h` tl` purpgs` tg `xpedcf nldgs gf `drtl (Drdhcn1 Idsdj ice Drjl) dfj cts prgn`ss tgècbcfdt`7 ...‒

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Igr tru` wgrjs gi Lgfgrdhe` & X`sp. Qdcj Ldbcj ^ldl ^lh, igeegw tl`

Pre1 lttp1//www.ygutuh`.ngb/wdtnl7v2`-àCndDs:T [VR Grj`r rìus`s tg igeegw hy M`f`rde Mrdn`y, 4 st NGD^, _dk-Drby dit`r _drtctcgf, igeegw tl` ecfk Pre1

lttp1//`f.wckcp`jcd.grm/wckc/Cfjg-_dkcstdfcW]drWgiW43:=


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>.> DIMLDF FDZCGFDE L@XG1 DIMLDF ]DX sunn``j icmlt`r wlg wds desg kfgwfds tl`cr FDZCGFDE L@XG, Dlb`j ^ldl Bdsggj (De`l` X`lbd) … … … … Dntudeey,jurcfm Dimldf Acldj, M`f`rde Jlcyd-ue-Ldq Bdrlggb wds ruecfm _dkcstdf dfj gf tldttcb` sgb` Kldrac ]dldhc-J`ghdfjcs m`t nldfn` tg r`dnl dfj mrdh i`w ZG_ dfjNXPNCDE pgsctcgfs `sp. cf Cftèecm`fn`, wl`tl`r hy trcnk dfj nruèty gr h`cfm mcv`f

jèch`rdtèy `sp`ncdeey dmdcfst tg stgp AP_–^ dftc-mgv`rfb`ft ndbpdcmf, wlcnl cf r`deslguej h` lgejs hy rcmlt hècì dfj idctl p`gpe` hut ngftrdry wds fgt ldpp`f`jtl`rìgr` ct h`ndb` tl` mgej`f nldfn` igr tl`b, Zl` ^gvc`ts Dmmr`sscgf wds mgcfmgf, dfj cf tl` fdb` gi CÊDB–^ icitl pceedr ACLDJ tl`y nguej utcecz`j tl` pgsctcgfs`dscey dfj d bgv` hy uscfm _DKC^ZDF–^ ^gce, dfj sg tl`y jcj ct lufjr`j p`rn`ft dfjmgt `dsy dnn`ss tg Dimldfcstdf igr tl`cr cftuctcgfs dfj cft`r`st dmdcfst tl` BPÊCB^(Dle–de-ûffdl | ûffcs) ecvcfm tl`r` dfj igr tl` wlge`j`vdstdt`j DIMLDF Fdtcgf.

>.>.d _e`ds` Fgt`1 ]` jg`sf–t b`dft `ctl`r ldv` sunl cft`ftcgfs tldt _DKC^ZDFjcjf–t pedy dfy pdrt gr k`y rge` cf DIMLDF ACLDJ gr cs gf wrgfm scj` gr rdtl`r tldfnr`jctcfm dfj suppgrt sldee h` hedb` gr nurs`, hut tl` tru` idnts gr r`dsgfs dr` tlìgeegwcfm tg ceeustrdt`;

Zl` ^gvc`ts Cfvdj`rs `ft`r`j cf Dimldfcstdf cf 43=3, dfj tl`f kcnk`j gut cf 43


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 8=

jg`sf–t pdy dfy dtt`ftcgf– dnngrjcfm tg tldt Idq``r ...‒ Deedl kfgws dee tl` h`st.

>.: MEGXCGP^ J@^ZCFDZCGF1 Dhgut _dkcstdf*, sg ct lds d v`ry hrcmlt dfjmegrcgus iutur`V dl`dj tgwdrjs ct, tlguml wcee h` `xdbcf` icrst, bdy h` tlrgumlstrcnt dfj ldrj tcb`s (s`v`r` nldgs dfj ngfjctcgfs) hut dit`r tl`f sunn`ss f gfey

sunn`ss (ndf h` igr tl` egfm tcb`, Deedl kfgws), dfj Gl sldee C fgt `xpr`ss h`scj`sZl` ^gvc`t @bpcr` jcscft`mrdtcgf; tlguml Xusscd ldj `fguml kfgnks irgb Busecbshut stcee gf` pufnl cs eìt dfj tldt cs igr cf r`spgfs` tg gur hègv`j NL@NLFCSD, wldtgtl`r dnlc`v`b`fts irgb _DKC^ZDF wcee desg h` dttdcfs, ct cs d s`nr`t, fgt gfey CFJCDwcee h` ngfqu`r, tcee Xdfmggf (Hurbd) dfj Zch`t tg Edfkd, hut desg P^D m`t w`dk dfjfg egfm`r eìt ds ûp`r _gw`r (wl`f`v`r ngfirgft gr ci sl` try gr wcsl tg ngeecj`) dfjNLCFD wcee hr`dk (Gur hègv`j @dst Zurk`stdf wcee m`ts ir``jgb) tgg, dfj @urgp`desg pdy tl` prcn` dnngrjcfm tg cts rge`, b`df dee j`vdstdtcgfs jgf` cf pdst gr stceeufj`rmgcfm cf Crdq, Dimldfcstdf dfj cf Echyd.

―… LCFJ ngbprcs`s irgb `dst tg w`st upgf Dimldfcstdf (Kdhue) tg Hurbd (Xdfmggf)dfj fgrtl tg sgutl upgf Zch`t tg ^rc Edfkd, dfj tlcs cfneuj`s Crdf, _dkcstdf,Hdfmedj`sl, F`pde dfj Hlutdf ...‒

Lgw`v`r ci r`dj`r tlgumlt tldt Idq``r Hukldrc (mldidrdedlu) cs dmdcfst _DKC^ZDF (dfj ctsigufj`rs | stdt`b`fts cf >) gr prgvgkcfm ldtr`j dmdcfst jì`fj`rs (`sp. Dfdeysts) grwdft`j tg cmfct`s ^@NZDXCDF Ycge`fn` dfj Ngfv`rsdtcgf gr sgb`tlcfm eck` tldt7 ^g jgr`b`bh`r FG_^, dfj jgf–t ldv` dfy sunl kcfj gi cftuctcgf hut cf r`de wcsl`s f prdcs`s igr`v`rygf` (Prju1 Pbbdt) fgr gfey _dkcstdf tg m`t gf tl` Xcmlt-scj` (Drdhcn1 de-Ldqq)h`scj`s ]rgfm-scj` (Prju1 Hdtce) dfj ècbcfdtcgf gi @f`bc`s (wlgbsg`v`r, wl`tl`r Cficjèsgr J`vcdtgrs (`v`f nrcbcfdes wlgb jìdb` Csedb) dnngrjcfm tg Csedbcn ^ldrc–dl Edws (Dfjl`r` cf LCFJ, Deldbjgeceedl bdagrcty gi Busecbs (ûffcs) dr` igeegwcfm de-Ldfdic Icqltl`rìgr` Aujmb`fts bust h` bdj` dnngrjcfm tg gur Icql–` Dlfdi).

J@FGZ@1 ―… Bcstdk`s dr` pdrt gi gur ecv`s (dfj cs d mggj j``j h`ndus` ct t`dnl`s;

b`dft irgb ngrr`ntcgf[csedlcR dsp`nt) dfj ct cs dssur`j dfj ngbbufdeey dmr``j(Drdhcn1 Cabd–de-Pbbdl) tldt h`scj`s sè`nt`j gf`s [eck` Dbhcyd–` Kcrdb dfj Dwecyd–` Kcrdb (hy hcrtl)R dee ndf jg/jcj bcstdk`s, l`fn` 4st Mgv`rfgr M`f`rde jcjsbdee bcstdk` tg pr`s`ft `xnus` (igr Csedbcn Bgjè ^yst`b cbpe`b`ftdtcgf r`qu`st)dfj rì`rs ct tg dss`bhey … Dhgut Fggrdfc Bcdf ^dldh (De`l` X`lbd) i`w t`fs` ldrjwgrjs, tl` gfey tlcfm s``bs tldt l` (De`l` X`lbd) wdft`j tg bgjciy ^yst`b(cbpe`b`ft tl` Ngfstctutcgf, Drtcne` Fg.98 dfj 9> dfj sgb` gtl`r, ds jìcf`j dfjstdt`j) gr nldfm` ^yst`b (bdk` ct dnngrjcfm tg Csedbcn Bgjè) tlrguml J`bgf-Nrdzy wlcnl cf r`de prgv`s ds df cbprdntcnde dpprgdnl (tl`rìgr` dee bust tlcfk igrdfgtl`r wdy) …―

IGGZFGZ@1 Fgt f`n`ssdry tldt @v`ry J`vcdtgr (Prju1 Bufdicq) wcee h` Kldrac hut `v`ry Kldrac cs dfdiicrb`j j`vcdtgr (Prju1 Bufdicq), prgv`7 Nurr`ft _r`scj`ft gi _dkcstdf (Fgw Igrb`r | B`dft Dsci Dec

Qdrjdrc ) cs d Busecb (ûffc | Ds p`r r`pgrts, r`dnl`j tg us) hy hècì hut hy df dnt cs d j`vcdtgr (Drdhcn1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Desg r`dj, ―Iutur` gi _dkcstdf hy d J`rvcsl‒, fgw jg`sf–t bdk`s sgb` scbcedrcty h/w Idq``r

Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu) j`tdces dfj Hdhd Dkrdb ^dldh (De`l` X`lbd), igeegw tl` ecfk Pre1lttp1//spcrctude-pdkcstdf-iutur`.hegmspgt.ngb/8?44/?


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl 8<

Bufdicq) tlguml igrmcvdhe` ci jc`s upgf rcmlt hècì dit`r strcnt pufcslb`ft cf jggbsjdy (Prju1 Tdydbdt) hut ngftrdry tlgs` j`vcdtgrs (Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf) cfneujcfm Kldrac`s dr` wgrst tldf Bufdicq hy df dnttldt dr` j`vcdt`s irgb rcmlt Hècì f Idctl gr rìuscfm rècmcgf f`n`ssctc`s (Prju1 Qdrurcydt–` J``f) tldt–swly ufigrmcvdhe`, tl`rìgr` slgws tldt tru` Hècì f Idctl dr` tl` ngr` `ss`fn` gi sunn`ss. [@xtrdnt`j

irgb Kutuh–` Icql, s`` tl`cr gr dsk PedbdR

PFJ@XECF@J (_m.4?)1 Zlcs cs d prdcs`; dfj ct cs igr ―gf tl` rcmlt dfj austcic`j syst`b deck`, dfjjìcfctèy ngbpe`tèy, Klcedidt–` Xdslcjdl‒, dfj s`ngfjey igr dee tlgs` Busecbs wlgb dr` ngfius`j, dfj`v`f j`vcdtgrs (Hy Idctl, & Dnt ds wèe) wlgb dr` bcsmucj`j ju` tg cbpur` gr cfngrr`nt kfgwe`jm` [ds dee;stcee `v`f ngfius`j, gr hìgr` strdy`j w`r`, pdrt gi PbbdlR, dee sldee r`turf`j upgf `xpecndtcgfs dfjscbpecicndtcgfs jcj hy Pedbd–` Kcrdb, `sp`ncdeey hy Cbdbs gi igur Csedbcn Aurcspruj`fn` (Drdhcn1 hce-Klusggs D–`ybbd de-Drhd–d). Bdy Deedl hc–]dscedtuf Fdhc de-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) mrdft mucj`s tgdee gi us, dfj ufct` wlge` PBBDL upgf gf` pedtigrb. Db``f tlubd Db``f


:. PBBDL

X`n`sscgf ngb`s, dfj v`ry igrtufdt` tldt dewdys ecit`j upwdrjs dit`r jgwfidee, hut j`spct`

tl` j`vdstdtcgfs dfj lubcecdtcgf stcee `xcst dfj pr`s`ft cf edrm` fubh`rs Deldbjgeceedl, dfjwcee h` tcee wl`f`v`r DEEDL (ûhldfdlu) wdft (h`ndus` hìgr` icfde wlcste` (Prju1 ^ggr)`rd PBBDL wcee h` r`jun`j tg fce). Dfj desg tl`r` cs fg j`fcde tldt dbgfmstPBBDL, BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl | ûffcs) dr` rì`r ds ^CE@FZBDAGXCZS wl`r`ds gtl`rs dr` aust d ldfjiue (Prju1 Bgt–tcl hldr) gr sbdee fubh`r hufnl gip`gpe` gr mrgups (Bufdicqggf | sg ndee`j Busecb), dfj w` dee kfgws tldt lds h``f grj`r`jtg dttdnl`j gr ecfk`j wctl BPÊCB^ (^dwdj–ue-Dzdb Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl, dfj tl`r`tru` scmf cs ―Sd Xdsue Deedl‒).

J@FGZ@1 ―… Zl` ^ce`ft Bdagrcty jg`sf–t b`dft Busecbs (ûffcs) ecvcfm cf _dkcstdf gfey hutdee drgufj tl` ]grej (gtl`r Busecb ^tdt`s) dfj desg tldt tlcs ^CE@FN@ cs Fgt igr`v`r gr tgegfm p`rcgj hut wl`f`v`r DEEDL (ûhldfdlu) hy ]CEE(Prju1 Bdslcydt–G Bdfsld)`x`nut`(Prju1 lukub idrbd`y md) wlcnl wcee dpp`dr(ngb`s) cf plyscnde igrb gi ^PEZDF

(desg wcee h` tl` CBDB gi lcs Zcb`) dee Bdsld–ckl f Pedbd f Busecbs (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e- Adbd–dl, scmf “Sd Xdsue Deedl–) hc Lukub–G Idze–` @edlc wcee `b`rm` degfm wctl ^PEZDF cfr`sp`nt(Drdhcn1 Dtd–dt) dfj igeegwcfm(Drdhcn1 ct–t`hdl) tl` grj`r(Drdhcn1 Lukub) gi DEEDL…‒

:.4 NDZ GPZ GI HDM1 X`b`bh`r tldt, P^ & FDZG (pdrtcnuedrey tl` Hrctcsl) wceef`v`r nrusl`j gr ndb` tg nrusl`j tl`s` NPE_XCZ ZDECHDF, uftce gr ufe`ssBPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl | ûffcs) wcee fgt tdk` stdfj dfj ngfjunts *gp`rdtcgfne`dfup (TCZDE) dmdcfst hgtl, … … tl`y der`djy ldv` dfj wcee fgw gfey ngftcfuìufjcfm (pdy dpprgx $:?? Bceecgf igr tl`cr Egmcstcns pdss) dfj prgvcj` suppec`s(]`dpgfs irgb hednk bdrk`t dit`r _DKC^ZDF ldet`j gr stgpp`j tl` suppec`s) … … deecf tl` fdb` gi gur hègv`j rècmcgf CÊDB, dfj trdps ngbbgf BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-

ûffdl | ûffcs pdrtcnuedrey ) cf tl` fdb` gi ACLDJ … … …‒

:.4.d ICTL Fdrrdt`s1 (Bdilggb) … ^tdfj igr Gp`rdtcgf ne`dfup (*TCZDE) dmdcfsthgtl (C^DI dfj Zdechdf) tlguml ct wcee dppey gfey upgf BPÊCB^ (Dle–de-ûffdl |ûffcs) gi Dimldfcstdf cf tl`s` ncrnubstdfn`s; icrst ngfs`fsus upgf Ngbbdfj gi^LDSKL (wlg bust h` Decb-`-Jcf dfj dt e`dst d BPIZC) igr Jcr`ntcv`s dfj Grj`rs,

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Ct cs desg djvcs`s ds sdb` hy Lgfgrdhe` Qdcj Ldbcj ^lh, dfj h`cfm b`ftcgf`j tgg cf gf` r`ngrjcfm.


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`fguml r`sgurn`s dfj str`fmtl dvdcedhe` dfj dr` dssur` gi ngftcfugus suppec`s,`fsur`s tldt wcee fgt prgegfms tgg bunl hut icfcsl`s sggf, dfj tldt tl` KCFM cscfvgev`j wctl cficetrdtgrs dfj cf ngfs`qu`fn` cs fgw stgppcfm irgb ]GX^LC_CFM^,ju` tg dfy r`dsgf, pr`ssur` (Drdhcn1 bcf–de-Kuiidr) gr hy sèi jdrkf`ss (Prju1 Qdecbyd ^di``l) dfj sg gf igrtl.

Lgw`v`r, ndf sp`nuedt` cf tlcs ngft`xt tgg tldt wl`tl`r ^PEZDF dpp`drs gr fgtDIMLDF^ tdk` stdfj hy tl`bsèv`s (ufj`r ^ldykl gr Zrchde e`dj`r dit`r b``tcfm deer`qucr`b`fts gr prgn`jur`s gi ^ldrcdl Buttdl–ldrdl) dfj kcnk tl`b gut (wlg kfgwsdhgut tl`cr hrdcfs gr b`t`rs, r`-swctnlcfm) gr tl`y (P^ & FDZG) bdy e`dv`(ngbpe`tèy) hy sèv`s wctlgut dfy gha`ntcgfs tg stdy gr iurtl`r heggjsl`j (b`dftwctljrdwde p`dnìueey), dfj tlcs cs desg h` tl` sp`nuedtcgf wlcnl gfey ldpp`fs ci^PEZDF wguejf–t dpp`drs.

Gtl`rwcs` wlcnl w` b`dft gr r`dsgf tg stdt` cf gur DXZCNE@ cs cf tl` ngft`xt gidwdctcfm p`rsgfdecty, Zl` Mr`dt ^PEZDF, wlg ngb` tg Bgbcfdf–` Mldrhc (_dkcstdf)ds b`ftcgf`j dfj dnngrjcfm tg pr`jcntcgfs mcv`f cf ―Tds``jdl Fdcbdtueedl ^ldl]dec‒ (^`` ^tdfzds) wlcnl wcee jìcfctèy h` tl` mr`dt ACLDJ.

Desg, Idq``r Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu) jg`sf–t b`dfs `ctl`r dmdcfst ACLDJ gr rìuscfm ctgr j`fycfm fgt tg ngfjunt wlcnl cs dntudeey d ―DY@XZCGF | MPBXDLC ‒ cf gur vc`w,hut cf r`de gfey quct` dfj wdctcfm (Drdhcn1 ^dhr) ds Bdsld–ckl–g Pedbd–` Ldqq(Dle`-ûffdt ]d Adbddt) jgcfm h`ndus` igr cts `x`nutcgf tl`r` dr` sgb`stcpuedtcgfs (cfneujcfm LX ngfjctcgfs, IGX CF^ZDFN@ L`detl, ^tdbcfd `tn) ufj`rwlcnl cts vdecjdtcgf h`muf dfj h`ngb`s IDXJL gtl`rwcs` jg`sf–t, tlguml dhgutTCZDE sg jìcfctèy ct h`ngb`s bust (Drdhcn1 ]dach) upgf tlgs` wlgb t`rrctgrc`s (grdr`d) dr` h`cfm dssduet`j dfj cficetrdt`j, igr cfstdfn` Crdq, Dimldfcstdf, Echyd hutdr` ufj`r dhgv` `xpedcf`j ncrnubstdfn`s (*).

Desg, d qu`stcgf dhgut dfgtl`r cbpgrtdft bdtt`r qugt`j ufj`r NDZ GPZ GI HDM

tldt, lgw jcj tl`y (P^ & FDZG) pdy dfj tl`y (Zdechdf) r`n`cv`s tl` bgf`y (dpprgx$:?? Bceecgf dnngrjcfm tg Qdcj Ldbcj ^ldl ^h) …7 B`dft ct wds fgt cf tl` DCX, tldttl`y tlrgw dfj gf gtl`r scj` tl`y ndtnl, LPXXDS Ndumlt ct …! Hut ngftrdry ct busth` jcr`nt cft`rdntcgf, L@EEG Irc`fj …! Gr tlrguml tlcrj pdrty, _e`ds` Ldfjgv`rNdrìueey …! Dfdeysts bust tlcfk.

J@FGZ@1 ―… _rdntcndeey tl`r` dr` gfey twg wdys gi iufjcfm, jcr`nt cft`rdntcgf grcfjcr`nt nldffè, dfj cf hgtl nds`s Zdechdf ndf h` `dscey mrdh (tg ècbcfdt`) gr drr`st(tg pufcsl) hut tlcs cs fgt ldpp`fcfm prgvcfm tl`y jgf–t wdft tg ècbcfdt` tl`b ... Dfj desg Zdechdf dr` fgt tl` pdrt gi sgeutcgf hut dr` tl` pdrt gi prghe`b tl`r ìgr`bust ècbcfdt` ngbpe`tèy gtl`rwcs` cfstdhcecty p`rscst cf gur r`mcgf hut ci fgt j`det(tl` wdy bust h`, ècbcfdtcgf) gr ngfscj`r`j (ds prghe`b) tldf Cf-^ld Deedl wdXdsue`lc upngbcfm swgrj wcee j`ncj` prgbcf`ftey ci ngb` cf gur tcb` …‒

:.8 Cfstcmdtcgf (Ictfdl)1 L`r` cs dfgtl`r prggi ds `vcj`fn`, tldt tl`s` p`gpe` wlgndee`j tl`bsèv`s ds igeegw`rs gi Lgey Dfn`stgrs (Prju1 Csedi) w`r` dntudeey fgt tl`tru` igeegw`rs gi CÊDB hut cf-r`de tl`y dr` h`trdy`rs dfj jìdb`rs dfj grcmcfdeey

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------[*R Zl`r` cs d hcm jcii`r`fn` h`tw``f Acldj dfj Tctde detlguml ldv` fg ngftrdjcntcgf cf Tctde tldt cs d

pdrt gi ACLDJ, igr bgr` j`tdces s`` Kutuh–` Icql, hdh de-Acldj gr Cfqucr` (Dsk) Pedbd de-Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl).


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl >?

irgb Kldwdrca (D lgrf gi ^dtdf).

]dtnl dfj r`dj (suhtcte`s) ygursèi tl` ecfk mcv`f hègw, r`b`bh`r tl`s` dr` fgtIdq``r Hukldrc (mldidrdedlu) wgrjs `ctl`r r`s`drnl hut dntudeey `xpgscfm sgeèy hygurs bgst Hègv`j Bdst`r ûetdf de-Dwecyd Lujlrdt ^ldykl Fdzcb Djce de-M`yedfc de-

Ldfdic de-Fdqslhdfjc de-Ldqqdfc (X`lbdtueedl De`l`)1

lttp1//suicecv`.ngb/]dldhcWE`dj`rsWH`trdydeWgiWûetdfWDhjueWLdbcj->98>.ltbergb

^`` (`sp. ^geutcgf igr @ecbcfdtcgf gi _rghe`b, tldt ci Hceecgfs sg jgf–t ndr`), fgw tèeus, csf–t ct d h`dutciue ngcfncj`s h`tw``f Idq``r Hukldrc (mldidrdedlu) gha`ntcgfs dfjûetdf de-Dwecydl (X`lbdtueedl De`l`) `xpedfdtcgfs dhgut tlcs cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1ictfdl) …7 Dfj w`–ee dsk dmdcf tldt fgw wldt ès` cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1 ictfdl) cs …(7) ci tlcs KLDXAC-]DLDHC (^dedicsts) dfj tl`cr j`rcvdtcv`s KLDXAC-]dldhc-J`ghdfjcsts (tl`y ldv` gtl`r t`rrctgrc`s tgg) dr` fgt d v`ry bdecn` cfstcmdtcgf(Drdhcn1 ictfdl) h`cfm cfjunt`j gr fgt, gr `r`nt dbgfmst BPÊCB^ hy ^dtdf dfj us`jhy Cficjès … (7)

:.> Fgt`1 Cf-^ld Deedl wd Xdsue`lc cf f`xt Drtcne` w`–ee `xpgs` iurtl`r tl` sgb`scj`s (Dsp`nts | _`leg–wguf Kg) gi jcrty bdecn` mdb` h`cfm pedy`j vcd Zdechdf dfjgtl`r dee drgufj Busecbs ^tdt`s.

Bdy Deedl dfj lcs Xdsue (De`l` ̂ dedt-G-^dedb) mrdft us tru` r`ngmfctcgf7

0. ^GECNCZDZCGF^ (D–rjl | Bd–drgjldt )

G–J`dr, r`b`bh`r ct cs fgt gur iduet hut dntudeey ct wds _dkcstdf–s w`dk dfj hgmus`jundtcgf syst`b wlcnl jg`sf–t `jundt` p`gpe` wctl tru` lcstgry gr r`de idnts, tl`rìgr`wl`f`v`r sgb`gf`, wctlgut kfgwcfm r`decty gr fgt ecfk`j tg Bdsld–ckl wd Pedbd de-Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) gr dtt`fj`j tl`cr e`ntur`s (desg d pdtl tgKfgwe`jm` ―ceb‒), try tg jg dfdeyscs jìcfctèy secpp`j gr bcsaujm`j tl` GXCMCFDE (Ndus`s)dfj NGB_E@Z@ (^n`fdrcgs) idnts dfj ngfjctcgfs drgufj PBBDL dfj wds dewdys sk`ptcndedhgut gr sdy ufdhe` tg `fub`rdt` tru` dfj rcmlt sgeutcgf.

0.4 NGFZXDJCNZ1 X`dsgf tg ceeustrdt` (dee gur Tu`rc`s cf >.4.h tgg) cs tg `fecmlt`fgr `xpr`ss`s gf` t`rb dfj tldt cs NGFZXDJCNZ (Prju1 Ckltcedi), wlcnl `xcst dfjp`rscst tgg dbgfmst `dnl gtl`r (Drdhcn1 Zdlt–ue-Bdslcdl de-@edlcyydl) tcee Jggbsjdy(Prju1 Tdydbdt), wl`tl`r cf igrb gi Hècì-^`ntdrcdf, Z`rrctgrcde, Zrchde, E`mctcbdnydfj sg gf igrtl. Fgw tèe us wctl austcicdhe` `y` (Prju1 Cfsdi kc Fcmdl s`y) dr`f–ttl`s` desg NGFZXDJCNZ (Prju1 Ckltcedi) gr pr`ncsèy dr` fgt mcv`f gf tl` hdscs gip`rn`ptcgf dfj pgectcns wlcnl p`gpe` (`sp. Dfdeysts) bdkcfm puhecn Dftcs (dmdcfst) grcmfctcfm `bgtcgfs (Prju1 @lsd–sdt) …7 4. Dmdcfst Mgvt. (Xue`rs) dfj mcvcfm scj` tg

jì`fj`rs _dk Drby; csf–t HCD^F@^^...7 8. Ndeecfm (^devdtcgf) tg agcf gf` scj` dfjgppgscfm gtl`r (`f`by cfscj` gr gutscj`); jg`sf–t LDZ@ …7 >. ûppgrt _DKC^ZDF(Ju` tg Cj`gegmy) dfj gppgs` CFJCD (Ju` tg Dftc-_dk, tlguml edrm` fubh`r giBusecbs ecv`j tl`r`); csf–t PFIDCX …7 Dfj bdfy bgr` gha`ntcgfs ndf h` cfput cihedb`s h`cfm put upgf hègv`j Pedbd de-Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) tldt dr` prgvgkcfm s`ntdrcdf ngfiecnt gr ngfv`rsdtcgf, gr cs hcds`j dfjngfj`bfcfm gtl`rs dfj sg gf igrtl.


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl >4

J@FGZ@1 ―… @xpedcf tldt cs tlcs d Austcn`, ―_`gpe` (Xue`rs) h`trdycfm _dkcstdf dr`tl` @f`by gr Lczh-^dtdfs (Prju1 Fdpdk _de``j) gi cj`gegmcnde fdtcgf hut p`gpe`(Prju1 Bufdicqguf) jìdbcfm dfj lubcecdtcfm tl` Lgfgr dfj X`sp`nt gi Luzggr Fdhcde-Kdr``b (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) dfj ^dldhd–` Kcrdb (De`l`bur Xcjlwdf) ds wèeds D–`ybbd ]d Bdsld–ckl Kcrdb wlgb dr` tl` Cj`gegmy slguejf–t h` jcsnuss gr tg

rdcs` gr fg f``j tg m`t cfvgev`j cf tlcs ncrne` (Prju1 Bdsedkc ckltdedidt yd Nldkkdr)`tn … Cs _dkcstdf ^dnr`j dfj ^`nr`t tldf tl`s` hègv`j _`rsgfdectc`s dfj Dr` tl`s`j`vcdt`j ^`nts (Prju1 Bufd–icqguf) fgt Lczh–us-^dtdfs (Prju1 Fdpdk _de``j)7(Prju1 Ed–lge pdrrl–y`y) … ]ldt d Xuhhcsl dfj s`fsè`ss tlgumlt dfj hy tl` wdywlg mcv`s ct dfj irgb wl`r` m`ts ct …‒

0.8 XCMLZ ^CJ@1 Ct–s fgt tl` bdtt`r gi ^@NZDXCDFC^B gr LDZX@J gr NGFIECNZ tgprgvgkcfm dbgfmst `dnl gtl`r gr cfvgevcfm tl` r`dj`r cf ct gr rdcscfm tl` cssu`sh`tw``f Pedbd de-Ldqq (Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) dfj Dftc _r`dnl`rs(Kldrac`s dfj Quedbd) hut dntudeey ct cs dhgut tl` GXCMCFDE _DZL, tl` tru` (Prju1Dse) Hècì (Prju1 @bdf) dfj Idctl (Prju1 Dqdcj), wlcnl desg tl` Pedbd de-Ldqq(Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl) b`dft dfj icmltcfm (Drdhcn1 de-Acldj hce-Ecsdf wd–e-Tdedb) igr dfj desg ct cs dhgut ngrr`nt aujmb`fts dfj r`ngmfctcgf (Drdhcn1 Bd–drcidl)igr det`rndtcgf (Prju1 Luaadt) sg cf jggbsjdy (Prju1 Tdydbdt) fgf` nguej nedcbstldt Bdsld–ckl (ûicyd) f Pedbd–` Kcrdb kf`w hut jcjf–t tèe gr cfigrb us sg tldt w`bdy desg sè`nt dfj h` gf tl` rcmlt-scj` (Drdhcn1 de-Ldqq) dfj igeegw ct.

Df dwdctcfm p`rsgfdecty* wcee h` jìcfctèy gf gf` scj` (Xcmlt | Ldqq) gr sdy hcds`j(Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e-Adbd–dl), w` b`df Zl` Mr`dt ûetdf, d ]dec hy hcrtl,ldv` tl` rdfk gi TPZPH, Cbdb (Bdst`r cf ^ldrcdl wd Zdrcqdl ds wèe ds Peggb–`Ldjlcrdl) gi lcs tcb`, de-Ldfdic gr de-Bdeckc cf ^ldrc–dl, de-Tdjcrc cfZdrcqdl (Prju1 Aufdcjc Bdslrdh), df diicrb BDPEYC ^dldh dfj Kdbce J@XYC^L grw` ndf sdy aust eck` Hègv`j ûetdf Furujjcf Qdfmc de-Ldfdic de-Tdjcrc(Tujussurdlue Dzcz).

J@FGZ@1 ―… D idq``r jcvuem`s tldt lds s``f tl` ^PEZDF e`djcfm d _rdy`r dnngrjcfmtg Icql Ldfdic wlcnl diicrbcfm tldt hègv`j ^PEZDF wcee h` de-Ldfdic, Bdsld Deedl …^`ngfj, bgst cbpgrtdft tg fgt` tldt DEEDL f`v`r s`fjs Dhjde gr Mldus gr Tutuh grFuqhd cf dfy j`vcdt`j ^`nts irgb grcmcf h`scj`s tl` Zru`, Bdzldh Dle` ûffdt ]d Adbd–dt, s̀ ` Bdslde–` Xdl …‒

Lgw`v`r r`b`bh`r, wl`tl`r w` jgf–t wcsl gr wdft, ct wcee gnnur (V^`ntdrcdf ]dr |ûffc-]dldhc dfj ûffc-Xdijlc ) cf iutur` j`ncscvèy, gf` cf Drbdm`jjgf (Prju1Lurbdajggf) dfj dfgtl`r cs Cbdb Bdljc (Xdjlc Deedl Dflu) Acldj–` Dz``bBuhdrdk, dfj gf` hìgr` tl`s` hgtl ]DX^ `xp`ntdhe`; dfj Deedl (ûhldfdlu) wceemrdft sunn`ss tg Busecbs (ûffc) dfj r`bgv`s st`pwcs` tl`s` J`vcdt`j ^`nts irgbtl` idn` gi df `drtl (Idrsc1 Klus kub adldf pdk) cf upngbcfm Hcm ]drs [Dnngrjcfm tgJcvcf`j _`rsgfdectc`s cf tl` Ecmlt (Drdhcn1 ^crr) gi Dldjctl BuhdrdkdlR, Deedlu Dkhdr.

PFJ@XECF@J1 Zlcs stdt`b`ft s``bs tg h` ngftrdjcntgry gr ngeecjcfm tg gf` `xt`ft, hut ct–s

ngrr`nt cf dfgtl`r ngft`xt, dntudeey ct cs d sp`nuedtcgf [cft`fs` prdcs`R gr df `xp`ntdtcgf [r`bgvde -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[*R Desg r`dj, ―Deedl ]cee ^`fj D Bdf ]lg ]cee Jg Austcn`‒, fgw csf–t ct h`dutciue ngcfncj`s h/w Idq``rHukldrc(mldidrdedlu) j`tdces dfj ]dsci Dec ]dsci (De`l` X`lbd), igeegw tl` ecfk Pre1 lttp1//spcrctude-pdkcstdf-iutur`.hegmspgt.ngb/8?44/?


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gi cfstcmdtcgfs (Ict–fdl) cf Pbbdl ds sggf ds pgssche`R , `sp`ncdeey wl`f s`pdrdtcfm ûffc-]dldhcdfj ûffc-Xdijlc ngfiecnts [tldt ci fgt dee tl`f gf` slguej `fjsR, gf` hìgr` Cbdb Bdljc wguej h`r`bgv`j (Kldrac-]dldhc) wl`r`ds dfgtl`r gf` cf Cbdb Bdljc–s (Xdjlc Deedl Dflu) Zcb` gr sdyupgf h`mcffcfm gi Acldj–` Dz``b Buhdrdk [Kldrac-XdijlcR, hut ci w` s``f cf tl` ecmlt gi Dldjctl–`Buhdrdkdl, hgtl wcee h` pr`s`ft`j (ds irgb kldwdrca) gr bcmlt h` cf f`w igrb gr wdys (Deedl dfjlcs Xdsue kfgws) cf tl` Zcb` gi Cbdb Bdljc (Xdjlc Deedl Dflu) dfj wlcnl dr` icfdeey icfcsl`s gr

ècbcfdt`j hy ^cjfd Cbdb Bdljc (Xdjlc Deedl Dflu), sgb` hìgr` drrcvde gi ^cjfd Lujlrdt @sdHcf Bdrcub (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) wl`r`ds dee gtl`rs, cfneujcfm Cficjès dfj _geytl`csts (Drdhcn1Kuiidr wd Buslrck``f) ngbpe`tèy, butudeey tlrguml Acldj–` Dz``b Buhdrdk. Deedl kfgws bgr`dfj h`tt`r.

J@FGZ@1 ―… _e`ds` ngrr`nt tldt dee ^`ntdrcdf ]drs sldee fgt h` cmfct`j gr cfnct`j hyNCD detlguml ndf sp`nuedt` (gr sdy pgsschcecty `xcst) A`ws nguej iufj (igr `r`ntcgf) cidfy gi tl`cr pdrtcnuedr cft`r`st pr`s`ft cf dfy ngfiecnt (tl`r` cs d Hcm jcii`r`fn` h/wNCD dfj A`ws) hut cf r`de bgstey wcee h` ldpp`f dit`r cbpe`b`ftdtcgf gi ^ldrc–dl wdZdrc–qdl upgf rìuscfm gr jcsgh`ycfm hy j`vcdt`j p`gpe` (Drdhcn1 Bufdicqggf) dssdb` tl`y jgf` cf tl` _dst (Drdhcn1 Turuf de-Dged, Klcedidt–` Xdslcjdl, Dhhdscydlwd Psbdfcydl) irgb wlcnl dee dr` v`ry bunl idbcecdr hut tlcs tcb` wl`f`v`r ctldpp`f wcee h` dhgecsl …‒


0.> DJYCN@1 G–J`dr r`b`bh`r, tldt dewdys sp`dk trutl, `sp`ncdeey dhgut Csedb–sCj`gegmy dfj _rcfncpe`s ds wèe ds dhgut cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1 Ictfdl) tgg, jg fgt k``pdfygf` cf jdrk gtl`rwcs` ygu bdy j`vcdt` (jcv`rt gr secp) dfj l` bdy egst lcspr`ncgus `ss`fn` gi eci`, Zru` Hècì (Prju1 @bdf) dfj Xcmlt Idctls (Drdhcn1 Dqdcj),tldt–s wly Bdsld–ckl–g Pedbd–` Ldq (Dle`-ûffdt ]d-Adbddt) djjr`ss`s grignus`s cft`fsèy upgf Hècì f Idctl ds wèe ds cfstcmdtcgfs (Drdhcn1 Ictfdl) sg tldtBusecbs ndf h`wdr` dfj prgt`nt tl`bsèv`s irgb ideecfm dfj sg cf tl`cr igeegwtlrguml Idq``r Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu) cs `xpr`sscfm gtl`rwcs` ndf `dscey tdek wctlgutrdcscfm gr lcmlecmltcfm dfy ngftrdjcntcgf, dfj bdcf purpgs` cs gfey `xpr`sscfm tl`Xcmlt-scj` (Prju1 Ldqq) & `xpgscfm tl` ]rgfm-^cj` (Prju1 Hdtce) tlguml ci djl`r` tg

h` gf tl` wrgfm-scj` (Prju1 Hdtce) tl`f bust h` aujm` dnngrjcfm tg ^ldrc–dlButtdl–ldrdl dfj ci pufcsldhe` tl`f bust h` mcv`s pufcslb`ft dnngrjcfm tg tl`hècì gr dnt gtl`rwcs` h`wdr` dfj k``p jcstdfn` (ci Tdjld–` ^ldrcdl cs fgtcbpe`b`ft`j).

Hìgr` dcbcfm ygur drtcee`ry igr hgbhdrjb`ft upgf us pe`ds` r`dj ―Bdslde–` Xdl‒hy Lujlrdt Deedbd Dhjue-Ldkcb Dkltdr de-Ldfdic de-Fdqslhdfjc de-^ld–adldfpurc(X`lbdtueedl De`l`), d tr`b`fjgus r`s`drnl jgf` upgf lcstgry gi Kldwdrca (Drdhcn1Bufdicqggf) dfj nr`dtcgf gi _DKC^ZDF, detlguml ct cs wrgt` igr Pedbd wdfts tg jgr`s`drnl, hut Idq``r Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu) r`ngbb`fjs ct, sp`ncicndeey tg Dfdeysts grci dfy gi gur r`ncpc`fts eck` gr ldv` cft`r`st.

^`ngfj, pe`ds` jg r`b`bh`r, `sp. Dfdeysts gr mgcfm tg aubps cf tlcs icèj, igr

dfdeyscs r`mdrjcfm prghe`bs dfj cssu`s rèdt`j tg PBBDL cf tl` ecmlt gi Csedb–sCj`gegmy dfj _rcfncpe`s tl`rìgr` f`v`r dvgcj gr cmfgr`s cfstcmdtcgf (Drdhcn1 Ictfdl),pdrtcnuedrey Kldwdrca (cfneujcfm 4=tl tg 8?tl N`ftury), wl`tl`r ct–s hedz` ygur bcfj grldrj tg dnn`pt ngftrdry k``p cf irgft dewdys h`ndus` gtl`rwcs` nguej f`v`r gr ndf`fub`rdt`s tl` Xcmlt Ngfneuscgf dfj mcv`s tl` H`st ^geutcgf.

J@FGZ@1 ―… Idq``r Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu) cs fgt b`dft tg stgp p`gpe` jgcfm dfdeyscs


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl >>

`ctl`r tl`y dr` ngbpe`tèy wrgfm hut cf r`de gfey cft`ftcgf cs tldt dewdys k``prècmcgf hècìs (Prju1 Qdrurcydt–` J``f) dt tl` ZG_ gi ygur rì`r`fn`s dit`r tl`f yguwcee f`v`r j`vcdt` gr ndf h` bcsaujm` gr sdy jgjm` hy dfy Ictfdl gr Nueprcts(cfneujcfm Quedbd) …‒


9. ^GEPZCGF

X`dj`r bdy tlcfk tldt rdtl`r tldf nrctcnczcfm dfj ngfj`bfcfm J`vcdt`j ^`nts cs tl`r` dfysgeutcgf l` lds tl`rìgr` eck` tg stdt` tldt ldv` wrctt`f d i`w wgrjs (Zrdfsnrcpt1 Xcsdedl)tlguml fgt dfytlcfm f`w cf ct, jcsnuss`j i`w bdtt`rs ds wèe ds prgvcj` sgb` sgeutcgfsdegfm wctl i`w ^pcrctude ^`nr`ts, igr tl`s` dfdrnlc`s gr sctudtcgfs dfj wldt ndf h` tl`pgssche` sgeutcgfs, hut j`spct` dee tl`s` idnts, l`r` gfn` dmdcf w` eck` tg `xpgs` sgb`s`nr`ts cf i`w wgrjs irgb d jcvcf`j p`rsgfdecty (hdhd);

―(Bdilggb) ... Fgtlcfm wcee ldpp`f tg _dkcstdf, ct wcee r`bdcf stdfj ds sdcj

hy ûicyd–` Kcrdb‒, CF-^LD DEEDL.

―(Bdilggb) ... ]` dsk, ]cee l` ngb` irgb *]`st7 … L` r`pec`j, S`s, l`ngb`s dit`r VBdmlr`h‒. CF-^LD DEEDL

―(Bdilggb) … tl`r` cs d jdfm`r gi wdr dl`dj upgf us‒.

J@FGZ@1 ―… Ct jg`sf–t b`dft tldt _dkcstdf wcee dewdys h` prgt`nt`j (b`dfs nguejf–tegs` iurtl`r dr`d) hut cf r`de ct–s d j`p`fjdhe` idntgr upgf stcpuedtcgf dfj tldt cs tgmcv` r`sp`nt dfj prcgrcty tg hègv`j rècmcgf CÊDB (`sp. ^dyydjc Xdsue Deedl (De`l`^dedt-G-^dedb) dfj gtl`r jcvcf`j p`rsgfdectc`s), Cj`gegmy dfj _rcfncpe`s ds wèe dsecfkcfm tg tl` Xcmlt-^cj` (Prju1 Ldqq) gtl`rwcs` ci w` egs`s Hdct-ue-Buqqdjjds tl`f

wly fgt _dkcstdf (gr dfy pdrtcnuedr dr`d) … Irgb ]@^Z Idq``r Hukldrc(mldidrdedlu)b`dft r`mcgf (Drdhcn1 Hcedj de-Bdmlr`h e Eck` Zurk`y, @mypt, ^yrcd, Echyd dfj sg gfigrtl) wl`r`ds HDHD pgcft`j gut tgwdrjs tcb` … Fgt f`n`ssdry ]DX b`dfsMldzwd–` Lcfj hut ct ndf h` dhgut gtl`r ngfiecnt (h/w Cfjg-_dk) wlcnl cs desg`xp`nt`j dfj pr`jcnt`j hy sgb` ûicyd–` Kcrdb … DEEDL kfgw dee tl` h`st …‒

NLDFM@ (Kldcr)1 Bdsld–ckl–g Pedbd–` Ldq (Dle`-ûffdt ]d-Adbddt) dr`wdctcfm (dntudeey igr ^PEZDF) igr rcmlt dfj lgf`st p`gpe` tg ngb` cf pgw`rgtl`rwcs` lds tg sè`nt dfgtl`r gptcgf dfj tldt cs tdk` stdfj igr ngftrge tg iueicee tl`j`scr` jr`db dfj ndus` igr igufjcfm sunl d mr`dt fdtcgf, _DKC^ZDF, wlcnl cscbpe`b`ftdtcgf gi ^yst`b hds`j upgf ^ldrcdl wd Zdrcqdl (Klcedidt–` XdslcjdlBgjè).

Hut ci w` tdek dhgut gr sdy s``f tl` Idt` (Prju1 Zdqj``r) tl`f j`scr`j (Pbbdlrcs`s) nldfm` wcee h` ngb` tlrguml dwdctcfm p`rsgfdecty gfn` hìgr` Cbdb Bdljc(Xdjlc Deedl Dflu) gf lcs tcb`; Zl` Mr`dt ûetdf gi lcs tcb`, dpp`drs dfj tl`fdrrcv`s l`r` dfj tl`rìgr` megrc`s (cf >.:) wcee h`mcf tg `x`nut` dfj dttdcf, dfj fgjguht tldt lgfgrcfm tlcs EDFJ dfj sè`nt ct ds d N@FZX@ igr dee tl`s` ]gfj`riueDnlc`v`b`fts gr Lgey Ndbpdcmfs, wrctt`f cf idt` (Drdhcn1 Zdq–j``r) hy DEEDL igr tl`rcs` gi lcs hègv`j Xdsue–` Bukdrrdb (De`l` ^dedt-G-^dedb) PBBDL tldt–s wly


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Jdr-Ldqq | Bdzldh Dle–de-ûffdl ]d–e Adbd–dl >:

_dkcstdf cs fgtlcfm hut h`ndus` gi Csedb dfj Zl` Mr`dt ûetdf lds h``f mcvcfm sunllgfgrs dfj r`wdrjs dfj prgt`nt`j.

J@FGZ@1 ―… H`scj`s m`ttcfm cf iurtl`r j`tdces gr sdy jcsnegscfm s`nr`ts, h`ndus` dsw` stdt`j tldt sgb`tcb` r`qucr`s strgfm hècì dfj idctl ds wèe ds igrtctuj` dfj

tge`rdfn` wlcnl sdjey bdagrcty jgf–t ldv` (Prju1 suh bdcf QDXI fdlc lgtd) grednkcfm fgwdjdys, tl`rìgr` ci stcee fgt dnn`ptcfm (dhgv` cj`gegmy) gr jcstcfmucslcfm(Xcmlt f ]rgfm ^cj`s) tl`f wdct (Prju1 ^dhr) dfj dee wcee s`` hy tl`bsèv`s upgf`b`rmcfm swgrj (ci ngb` cf pr`s`ft Zcb` gtl`rwcs` ngfjctcgfs wcee prgegfm tcee`b`rm`fn`) wlcnl wcee jcstcfmucsl dfj j`ncj`s, Zl` Xcmlt ^cj` (Drdhcn1 de-Ldqq) dfjZl` ]rgfm ^cj` (Prju1 Hdtce) strdcmltey …‒

_e`ds` Fgt`1 Zl`r` dr` sgb` scbcedr wgrjs cf Drdhcn dfj Prju ldvcfm sdb` b`dfcfm(gr ufj`rstdfjcfm) cf hgtl edfmudm`s, igr cfstdfn`; de-@bdf (Drdhcn) lds sdb` b`dfcfm(gr ufj`rstdfjcfm) cf Prju. L`fn` ci r`dj`r igufj wgrjs b`ftcgf`j (ufj`r hrdn`s) hyPrju hut desg us`j dfj ldv` sdb` ufj`rstdfjcfm cf Drdhcn, sg lds ufj`rstggj ctrcmlt`gusey.

Desg Fgt`1 Zl` Drtcne` ngftdcfs gfey m`f`rde gr subbdry gr pdrtcde cfigrbdtcgf (cf`v`ry tgpcn), l`fn` egts gi j`tdces ds wèe ds scbpecicndtcgfs w`r` fgt ceeustrdt`j (eìt) cf gtl`r wgrjs ct lds h``f pr`s`ft`j cf ngbpr`ss`j igrb, detlguml w`–v` prgvcj`jtl` ecfks dfj rì`r`fn`s igr j`tdces (tg s`` tl`cr), hut jcsnusscgfs dr` stcee ngftcfu`j(sgb` pedn`s, gr ufj`r stdt`b`ft ds ―jcsnuss gr jcsnuss`s cf f`xt drtcne`‒), dfj tlcspr`ndutcgf lds h``f b`ftcgf`j icrstey cf tlcrj drtcne` scfn` gfwdrj ds ―jèch`rdtèy(kfgwcfmey) eìt egts gi cfigrbdtcgf gr j`tdces cf `v`ry tgpcn, ju` tg cts e`fmtl‒,scbcedrey dhgut igr`tèes, sg b`ftcgfcfm ds, ―ju` tg tcmlt cfstruntcgfs (fgt jcsnegscfm`v`rytlcfm), egts gi pgstuedt`s `xcsts (r`mdrjcfm Tds``jdl Fdcbdtueedl ^ldr`ì), dfjtl`r` dr` sgb` r`strcntcgfs gi idt` (`sp. `b`rm`fn` gi dwdctcfm p`rsgfdm`)‒, hy Idq``rHukldrc(mldidrdedlu). ^`` igrtl drtcne`s tgg. Zldfks (Adzdk–bueedlu Kldcrdl)



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NGBB@FZ^ gr ^PMM@^ZCGF^

Ci ygu ldv` dfy ngbb`ft gr qu`ry gr

al-maktubat al-nuriyyah (vol.1 [updated]) [english]

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