al mazloum heritage project 2012

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Index:

Chapter 1:

1)

Introduction _____________________________________________P.G (4)

1.2) abstract ________________________________________________P.G (4)

1.3) project statement _________________________________________P.G (5)

1.4) Objectives ______________________________________________P.G (6)

2) Methodology ______________________________________________P.G (7)

Chapter 2:

3) Historical back ground ________________________________P.G (9)_(12)

4) 3.1) Development of JEDDAH city and growth ___________P.G (13)_(14)

Chapter 3:

3) 3 Case studies _______________________________________P.G (16)_(45)

4.1) Clarke quay redevelopment project ____________________P.G (16)_(24)

4.2) Islamic Cairo redevelopment project __________________P.G (25) _ (39)

4.3) Newtown Wellesley hospital _________________________P.G (40) _ (43)

4.4) A local inspiration building __________________________P.G (44) _ (45)

Chapter4:

4) Site analysis ________________________________________P.G (47)_(67)

5.1) Explanation analysis _______________________________P.G (68) _ (73)


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5.2) Materials in buildings _______________________________P.G (74)_(78)

5.3) Things recognised in the site ______________________________P.G (77)

Chapter5:

5) Site detail __________________________________________P.G (79)_(85)

Chapter6:

7) Program and zoning of the project _______________________P.G (87) _ (104)

Chapter7:

Survey questions __________________________________P.G (106)_(108)

Survey results _____________________________________P.G (109)_(110)

Conclusion _____________________________________________P.G (111)

References _____________________________________________P.G (112)

Chapter 8:

The final result of the project


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1) Introduction:

Project name:

Al _ Mazloum heritage project in ALBALAD Conservation and buildings reuse

1.1) Abstract:

Each country has its own history and its own heritage. Saudi Arabia has many cities.

One of the important cities is JEDDAH. It is the main port of KSA.

JEDDAH has a very famous and unique architectural heritage. It has been there for

2500 years. Jeddah now is developed as a city and modernised. The old area has been

neglected from the people who used to live in. it became an area for poor people and

not taking care of it as an important area part of this important city .

This research project is focussing on the old Jeddah part (ALBALAD). For that

considering it as a problem that has to be solved and studied .so studying the history

of ALBALAD, the urban pattern and the architectural buildings was a must.

Therefore the aim is to choose an area in ALBALAD. Renovate its old buildings and

reuse them for different activities that people can visit and not forgetting their history.

And to make that developed area a focal point for JEDDAH citizen.


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1.2) Project statement:

The project is a project of heritage. The heritage of the Hejaz area .this has its own

specific architectural language. The aim of the project is to renovate and add a new

building that has a different architectural language.

This project studies in depth the Hejaz architectural language. It would therefore

illuminate its elements. Thus highlighting the urban general designs in particular, the

pedestrian and vehicular movement, also the relationship and distribution of the

Districts zones and the buildings including its facilities, special features of the

building design. This will include material used and the insulation wither sonic or

solar, the water drinking system and sewage system, ventilation, night lighting. The

special general designs of these buildings also define the social interns and

relationship between the inhabitants.

The project has two parts:

To renovate few chosen buildings:

In renovation the aim would be to keep the general special features of the

Hejaz architectural language, at the same time may advance the function of the

building to be viable for a different functional use.

The second part of the project is to develop and design a new cultural

centre:

This would be of a varied architectural language. A monumental design to

express the labour of a new architectural new born. In the cultural centre the

following would be considered at most: sustainable architecture, alternative

sources of energy such as solar energy, ventilation and air conditioning, social

activitiessuch as: theatres for cinemas, art exhibitions, music concerts,

(wedding and funeral halls), conference theatres, library, computer

information centre and legal aid facilities.


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1.3) Project objectives:

In the midst of finding the architect oneself one has to learn his own culture

and heritage before learning that of others, this long learning process is never

ending from ones to ones death.

To get familiarised with the Hejaz architectural language. This is the

architecture language of my own town. We have a saying that "the inhabitants

of Makah should know best the pedestrian ways of Makah"

The project would be a place for those who want to learn about the Hejaz

architectural language.

The renovation would include residential building to accommodate overseas

visitors to.

The project would be a focal meeting point of Jeddah resident.

The renovation and the cultural centre would be preservation of the local civil

culture.

It is a local educational focal point to the schools in the area and in whole

Jeddah.

The heritage has a practical purpose to it. It serves its surrounding community.

The first cultural centre of its kind in Saudi Arabia, there for it would be a

model for other parts in the Kingdome to imitate.

The goal is start fixing and healing what is old and other people will complete

the rest development of the old area of Jeddah.

To make the old residents and the new generation never forgets the old days

and history.


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2) methodology:

To do this research following a method was a must, to get all the information that is

needed. There are several types of methods that were followed:

Searching in books, academic articles and websites

survey:

Doing a survey was important in this research for many reasons:

1. To know if people have knowledge about their own culture and city.

2. What are their vision about their own old city (to know if they are attached to

it or not).

3. What are the things that will attract them to go there (to know kind of

activities that will give them knowledge, entertain them and to make it as a

focal point for them to visit)

Target: Jeddah citizens.

Gender/Age: (M/F), +20.

Number of distribution:100


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3) Historical background and architectural heritage background:

One of the best-kept secrets of Saudi Arabia lies entangled between an active

port, a busy road system, modern shopping malls and a residential area: the

Old Town of Jeddah.

What began around 2,500 years ago as a small fishing settlement, gained

major importance as the port for the two holy cities of Makkah and Madinah.

Originally fortified with a high wall to fight off attackers, the 1.5 km area

constitutes today the largest historically grown urban fabric of the entire

Arabian Peninsula.

Jeddahs city plan: the old town

A 16th Century view of Jeddah; showing Portuguese Fleet of Lopo Soares deAlbergaria before city.


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View of Jeddah in 1838

"It was indeed a remarkable town. The streets were alleys, wood roofed in the main

bazaar, but elsewhere open to the sky in the little gap between the tops of the lofty

white-walled houses." T.E. Lawrence

In 1947 Jeddah was still a medieval walled port, covering no more than 1.5 sq

km. as its mentioned Inside its walls lay the mosques, souks and series typical

of a small Muslim town, but what distinguished it were the tower houses, built

of coral blocks, with elaborate wooden balconies. It is a place of greatantiquity, an important town on the pre-Islamic trade routes between India and

the Mediterranean. By the tenth century, it was describedas fortifiedand well

populated. The people are traders and are wealthy. The town is Mecca's

treasury and Yemen's and Egypt's emporium.

With the coming of oil money in the'70s, the merchants from the coral houses

began moving out to new western-style houses along the sea front and into the

surrounding desert. By 1993 Jeddah covered 560 sq km. and is still expanding

rapidly today. It now has the longest Cornish (water front) in the world, and

probably the grandest. The city walls

were demolished in the late 1940s, and

used as landfill.

These white-walled houses were built

four or five stories high, of coral rag tied
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with square beams and decorated by wide bow-

windows running from ground to roof in grey

wooden panels. There was no glass in Jidda,

but a profusion of good lattices, and some very

delicate shallow chiseling on the panels of

window casings. The doors were heavy two

leaved slabs of teak-wood, deeply carved,

often with wickets in them and they had rich

hinges and ring-knockers of hammered iron.

There was much molded or cut plastering, and

on the older houses fine stone heads and jambs

to the windows looking on the inner courts.

For much of its existence the city consisted

of the one square kilometer area within the

city walls, the area known as the historic

quarter or Al-Balad today.

Al-Balad is divided into four main

neighborhoods:

1.

Harat Alsham (The Sham Neighborhood), facing north.

2. Harat Al-Yaman (The Yemeni Neighborhood), facing south.

3. Harat Mazloum (The Aggrieved Neighborhood), facing east.

4. Harat Al-Bahr (The Sea Neighborhood).

HARAT AL SHAM

HARAT AL MAZLOUM

HARAT AL YAMAN

HARAT AL BAHAR


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The name of 'Harat Mazloum'comes from a man who was sent to his death

in 1131H (1719) without having been proven guilty of the crime he was

accused of. The story says that after the execution, the man's blood formed the

words, 'Not Guilty' in the sand. The incident became the feature of the

neighborhood and the name stuck.

"harat alsham"is called that because its located at the northern part and

(alsham)which is (Syria, Lebanon and Jordan is at the north).

"harat alyaman" is called that because it is located at the southern part and

(alyaman ) is located in the south.

"harat al bahar"is called that because of its location at the sea side.

Al-BALAD area is a warren of alleys

with names that reflect their function

such as The Alley of Perfumers, where

traditional attars and perfumes were

sold. One of the alleys that is

unfortunately no longer there is Hug

Me Alley. This passage was snake

shaped and so narrow that only one

person at a time could pass through it.

If two people were to walk through,

they would have to move so close as if

they were holding each other. The

architecture of the historic quarter is

characterized by the merchants' houses of the 19th century. The traditional tall

buildings of old Jeddah are tall and graceful, constructed of coral, limestone

and decorated intricately with beautiful Indian or Javan teak facades which

ventilate the houses as well as shade the narrow streets.

An extensive renovation program, run by the Historical Area Preservation

Department, was set up in 1990 and aims to protect the city's architecture and

heritage. The department now employs a staff of over fifty people and

organizes digs, tours and local research.


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3.1) Development of JEDDAH city and growth:

Jeddah plan (1971_1976)

Jeddah master plan (1976_1981)


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Jeddah master plan (1981_1991)


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4) Case studies:

There are three case studies in thi s chapter that is analysed and

explained in a way that shows examples around the worl d about

heri tage complex and bui ldings renovated and retreated:

4.1) first case study:

1_Clarke quay (Singapore)

Introduction and historical background:

Clarke Quay is a historical riverside quay

inSingapore,located within theSingaporeRiver Planning Area.The quay is situated

upstream from the mouth of theSingapore

River andBoat Quay.Clarke Quay was

named after SirAndrew Clarke,

Singapore's secondGovernor and

Governor of the Straits Settlements from

1873 to1875,who played a key role in

positioning Singapore as the mainport for

theMalay states ofPerak,Selangor and

Sungei Ujong.Clarke Quay is also the name

of aroad along the quay, part of which has

since been converted into apedestrian mall.

Clarke Street,located next to Clarke Quay,

was officially named in1896,and was

originally two streets known simply as East

Street and West Street in north Kampong

Malacca. Similar to Clarke Quay, Clarke Street has since been converted into a

pedestrian mall.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_River_Planning_Area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_River_Planning_Area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_Quayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Clarke_(administrator)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_the_Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungei_Ujonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian_mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarke_Street&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarke_Street&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian_mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungei_Ujonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_the_Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Clarke_(administrator)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat_Quayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_River_Planning_Area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Singapore_River_Planning_Area&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore


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The Singapore River has been the centre of

trade since modern Singapore was founded

in 1819. During thecolonial era, Boat Quay

was thecommercial centre wherebarge

lighters would transport goods upstream to

warehouses at Clarke Quay. At the height of

its prosperity, dozens ofbumboatsjostled for

mooring space beside Clarke Quay. This

continued well into the latter half of the

twentieth century. By this time, the Singapore River had also become muchpolluted.

The government decided to relocatecargo services to a new modern facility inPasir

Panjang.The bumboats andLorries departed to their new home and Clarke Quay fell

silent. The government then cleaned up the

Singapore River and its environment from

1977 to 1987. Plans were made to revamp

the area and turn it into a flourishing

commercial,residential andentertainment

precinct. These plans took into serious

consideration the historical value of Clarke

Quay, making it mandatory that new

buildings complement the historical character

of the area and those certain old buildings be

restored.Clarke Quay Festival Village, the biggestconservationproject for the

Singapore River, was developed and officially opened on10 December1993In later

years,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_(barge)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_(barge)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumboathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Panjanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Panjanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residentialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refurbishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refurbishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_preservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_preservationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refurbishmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residentialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Panjanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Panjanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumboathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_(barge)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_(barge)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism


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Clarke Quay was managed and owned byCapitaLand.Ten years later, works were

commenced to revamp the Clarke Quay area in order to give the place a bettertenant

mix. The development also saw major changes to the exterior and riverside areas. A

number of establishments vacated Clarke Quay to make way for new tenants. The

upgraded Clarke Quay features theMinistry of Sound,The Clinic, Forbidden City by

theIndochine Group and the whole development was completed in October 2006.

Presently, five blocks of restored warehouses house variousrestaurants and

nightclubs.There are alsomooredChinesejunks that have been refurbished into

floating pubs and restaurants.

Clarcke quay redevelopment and concept:

the first major project in Asia, done bye

Alsop a dramatic redevelopment of the river

front district of Clarke Quay in Singapore,

is succeeding in drawing tourists and locals

back to the historic waterfront ,the powerful

regenerative impact in economic social and

cultural terms that typifies Clarke Quay.

Developed by Capitaland, (approx. 30.6m)

mixed-use scheme, designed to increase

commercial and leisure activities, gives the

riverfront area a new identity and re-positions

Clarke Quay as a vibrant and attractive

destination. Crucial to the success of the project

has been the architect/engineers ingenious

manipulation of the site micro climate through

the design of a distinctive and sophisticated

shading/cooling system that provides the

Quayside with tremendous visual interest and

environmental benefit. the challenge was to

provide a new lease of life not just by developing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CapitaLandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasehold_estatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indochine_Group&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightclubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_(sailing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_(sailing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightclubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restauranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indochine_Group&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Soundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasehold_estatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CapitaLand


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an attractive re-design of the streetscape and waterfront but also to address the

perennial climate problemand to find ways to mitigate against the Singapore

ambient temperature and heavy rainfall without resorting to the traditional scenario of

creating an internal air conditioned mall.

The first phase of the waterfront revival, which was completed in March 2006,

has effected a total transformation of the area ambience, activity and

appearance through the redevelopment of three main areas; the riverfront, the

streets and River Valley Road.
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The roof stratergy:

is the addition of a single roof acting as a visual icon has succeeded in

attracting people back to Clarke Quay as an essential leisure and pleasure area

of Singapore.

In addition to the visual impact, the canopy makes an enormous difference to

the ambience at Clarke Quay it cools the streets, it keeps the rain off.Its two

main walkways are fitted with the climate-control system of silent blowers and

double-layer ETFE canopies designed to create the feel of a Summer day .


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Structure explenation:

Formerly the hot, humid or wet domain of tacky shopping outlets and hawkers

stalls, the streetscape has been ingeniously transformed by the design team

into a pleasant climate-moderated environment of landscaped arcades.

Elegant canopies, providing environmentally friendly shading and cooling,

which protect visitors against the extremes of the Singaporean climate and

maintain the temperature at 28 deg Celsius, cover the four internal streets and

central courtyard. Known as the Angels, the willowy umbrella-like structures

comprise ETFE (Ethyl Tetra Fluro Ethylene) cushioned canopies, supported

on steel fames. Cantilevering over the roofs of adjacent shop houses.

the angels provide solar shading and rain protection. The frames of the Angels

support large Whale tail slow speed fans that provide a low level artificial

breeze in the streets.

Tree planting in the streets provides further shading and solar absorbance and

the installation of a feature fountain in the centre of the restaurant-lined

courtyard affords further visual and cooled environmental benefit. In addition

animation is added at street level by increasing window display area through

the introduction of new all glass window vitrines to the facades of the street

shop houses.


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The detail of the sustainable roof ...

The Riverfront

The Riverfront Characterised by a series of colonnaded shop houses used as

poor quality restaurants and trinket shops fronting onto crowded pavements

packed with persistent hawkers, the potentially attractive riverfront site had

lost its appeal to tourist and locals.

The redevelopment scheme exploits the riverfronts traditional formal lineararrangement of terraced shop houses facing the Singapore river but removes

the poor quality restaurants, street stalls and cluttered walkways, and turns the

space between the shop houses and the waterfront into a clear zone dedicated

to pleasant strolling and observation.
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A revival of the riverfront itself has been achieved through the creation of an

elevated dining area that projects out over the river wall to maximise the

waterfront experience, and create a level of separation and privacy for diners.


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Benefit from this case study :

What was interesting the way they grabbed peoples attention to the historic

area when the developed it. By the structure that they did . that means that

there are many ways in making the people get back and visit a historic place

The structure that they did is not only for visual interest but also

environmental benefit.


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4.2) second case study:

2_ Islamic Cairo project

Introduction and historical back ground:

Within the city of Cairo stand numerous buildings

of great significance for the history of Islamic

architecture specially the zone which called

Historical Cairo or Fatimid.

Cairo.Al-Muizz Street inIslamic Cairo,Egypt is

one of the oldest streets in Cairo,

approximately one kilometer long. A United

Nations study found it to have the greatest

concentration of medieval architectural

treasures in the Islamic world. The street

is named forAl-Muizz li-Deen Illah,the

fourth caliph of theFatimid dynasty.

It stretches fromBab Al-Futuh in the

north toBab Zuweila in the south.

Starting in 1997, the national government

carried out extensive renovations to the

historical buildings, modern buildings,

paving, and sewerage to turn the street into an

"open air museum", with work scheduled to be

completed in October 2008. On April 24, 2008,

Al-Muizz Street was rededicated as a pedestrian

only zone between 8:00 am and 11:00 pm; cargo

traffic will be allowed outside of these hours.

Aim of the Rehabilitation project

One of the aims of the renovations is to

approximate the original appearance of the street.

Buildings higher than the level of monuments have

been brought down in height and painted an
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appropriate color, while the street has been repaved in the original style.

On the other hand, the nighttime appearance of the street has been modernized

by the installation of state of the art refined exterior lighting on buildings. To

prevent the accumulation of subterranean water, the principal threat to Islamic

Cairo a state of the art drainage system has been installed.
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There are many bui ldings were renovated in thi s big redevelopment project, two

examples analyzed and explained in away to show how the Islamic architecture can

be reused and redeveloped:

1.

Bait al Sihemi:

Introduction and historical back ground:

Before the nineteenth century the

traditional architecture of Cairo was

known for its ingenious architectural

concept slimming from local artistic and

craft tradition that had been passed down

from one generation to the other.

Bait al suhaymi constitutes a complete

example of the traditional palaces of the

17thand 18thcenturies. it has all the

components of the house of the period.

TheBaytAl-Suhaymi is an excellent

example of a private, though wealthy,

Egyptian home ,and shows most of the

features which made living in Cairo's

arid climate tolerable in prior ages.

Suhaimi house was built in the Ottoman

period, and consists of twoparts: the

first (southern) And established by Sheikh

Abdul Wahab Tablawi year 1058 - in 168,and

thesecond (North(,And established by the Haj

bin Ismail Shalabi, 1211 in 1796, and madethe

sections . it was called by that name because

of the last person was living in it his last name

was al sihaimi .After the death of Sheikh

Suhaimi Egyptian government bought the

house at $) 6000(pounds.
http://www.touregypt.net/bayt.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/bayt.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/bayt.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/bayt.htm


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The area of House Suhaimi about 2000

square meters, and contains all theelements of

the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The

House was set up within the walls of Fatimid

Cairo, and is based in a mannerbearing walls,

and foundations is a continuation of the walls of

the house, butoffers increased gradually until it

reaches a maximum width at the level of

incorporation.

Not that the Bayt Al-Suhaymi is unique, but this house does provide an

interesting perspective of history in general, a concept which might be brought

out here more easily than in other places. The concept is twofold. First, ancient

arts and wisdom are lost due to modern invention and progressions, and

second, that the ancient world, because of this, was a much more pleasant

place to live than many believe (at least for those with some wealth).Bayt Al-

Suhaymi is a case in point. The house was purchased in 1796 by Sheikh

Ahmed as-Suhaymi, who extended it by integrating several of the adjacent

houses.
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Detail explanation of the house:

Mashrabeya windows can be seen from outside the house. Once entering the

house.

Inside there is a sahn . The sahn is an interior open space in the middle of the

house, a courtyard. It is usually a rectangular or square shape. It is used to gain

fresh air in the house, and in the morning some simple activities once took

place in the sahn. In the middle of this open hall, there is a small and very

healthy garden full of small trees and palms. The house was built around this

area and many brown mashrabeya windows can be seen all around it on the

upper floors. At the end of this hall, there is a place for sitting beside some

windows where residents of the house would relax in the summer.
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There is doorway that leads to many small rooms

with huge wooden doors. They were used for

servants to stay in and cook or do anything needed

in the house. At the end of this corridor full of

small rooms, there is the first guest room or

salamlek. It was used by El Suhaymi to welcome

his male guests. It is a small hall there is a sitting

area with a big Mashrabeya screen. This hall is a

good example of the salamlek, or public place,

as opposed to the haremlek, the private place.

Most of the Salamlek area is on the ground floor,

while the haremlek is on the upper floor. This

was because in the Islamic culture, house were

"Sakan" a word deprived from "Sekoon" which

means quietness and privacy. This notion was

well respected during the archaic Islamic period.
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The next hall is the summer salamlek guest

room. It was built at the end of the corridor and

overlooks the street in order to benefit from the

cool air during the summer. Most of the spaces

within the house are not designed around

functionality, as houses are today, but around

climatic considerations.

the second floor, where there is a balcony that is

used in hot days. During the heat of the day, courtyards, balconies and roofs

became the living areas, while in the cool of the night, the family would move

indoors. Many people even today continue to live like this, particularly in

more rural areas. This balcony

overlooks the sahn and the whole

house around it. One significant

aspect of this balcony is the Islamic

decorations on the walls. There are

many Qur'an verses around the

balcony written in a gold color with a

brown background. The balcony is

also a wonderful place to view the

mashrabeya windows of the house

from outside, and view the open air hall.

there is something called maq'ad of the

house, which is a rectangular or square

room where the owner of the house

would sit with his family, sons and

daughters, and very close friends. This

more private space, a part of the

haremlek, is like any other section of the

house, full of brown cupboards and


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another mashrabeya screen, The Suhaymi

House is famous for it's many halls, especially

the haremlek. The interesting thing in this hall is

it's high ceiling which allowed the warmer air to

rise and then to be swept away by the north

facing maq'ad (wind scoops) in the upper walls,

which caught the prevailing breezes and

circulated the cool air throughout the house.

There is also the wooden carved dome of

the hall. The ceilings of these houses are

usually very interesting. It makes the

ceilings we live in these days seem

boring and depressing. The ceilings in

the past were works of art.

Another hall of the haremlek area with a

mashrabeya screens. The pieces of wood

in these screens are designed to be very

close to each other, making it impossible for anyone from outside to see

through it while enabling the women of the house to look at the street and the

sahn. This room was used for women to welcome their guests and friends.

Most of the room is decorated with brown and dark red colors, which seemed

very feminine and suited the women's section.


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there is another haremlek section where the women would rest. It is a smaller

hall with less light. The whole atmosphere in the room is relaxing.

The bathroomsection is divided into

three sections:

The first section is the cold water

section. It is a very small room with a

wooden cupboard inside where they

used to keep the cold water in a huge

container. This room has no ceiling so

that the cold wind could come and cool

down the water in the cupboard.

The secondsection of the bathroom is

the massage section. It is also a very

small room with only a big wooden bed

to the right, and at the top there is a

dome that is designed in a way that

makes the person relaxed when he is

massaging.

The thirdsection of the bathroom is the

hot water section. In the middle, there is

a water tap, and there is a big container

that was used for keeping hot water...


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The third floor is all bed rooms, the main bed room of shike al suhime and hiswife was at this floor and they call it the blue room. the decoration in this floor

is different they used blue and brown in the rooms for decoration ,and another

part of this floor is an open roof for the family

There is a big garden around the house .The rooms around the garden were

mainly used by servants for sleeping and for cooking meals for the family. In

the garden, there is a summer dome that was used for shadeThere is also the

old waterwheel of the house known as a "Sakia". A donkey would have been

tied to this waterwheel to enable the circulation of the water.


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2. Wekalat al Ghori:

Introduction and historical background:

Historical buildings have a lure of

their own. Islamic monuments, in

particular, have a very special air

of their own a very strong sense of

history pervades them and fills

visitors with such feeling. One of

these monuments is Wakalat El

Ghouri it was called wekalat al naklah

(palm agency) Wekalat AL_ GhouriIs an agency or

a hotel built in the era ofQansouh

GhouriYear (909 AH - in 1504)

currently located in a street-Azhar.

The wekalaht consist of an open air

rectangular courtyard , that is surrounded by halls and it is five floors , late

during the reign of Mamelukes,

Wakalat El-Ghouri was originally

designed as an inn for

accommodating traders coming

from all parts of the globe as well

as a marketplace for trading goods

and a venue for making trade deals,

the ground floor and the first they

used to use it storages for

merchants , and all of the visitors

in the old days were merchants.

It has been for 500-year it is an

architectural masterpiece. This is a

Mameluke-style building, which is

remarkably rich with Fatimide and

Mameluke monuments.
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Building explanation:

The external stone facade is impressive,

with its uniformity of windows. There are

a few small windows on the first floor, but

the upper stories of the building have three

rows of groupings of three windows of

varying design. The last row is covered by

mashrabiya panels, each panel being three

windows wide. The building is very regular,

with the exception of the first floor, which has wide arcades intersected by a

gallery.

The building is made up of five floors, each comprising 28 rooms with domed

ceilings, overlooking the rectangular-shaped courtyard with a mosaic fountain

in the middle. As such, Wakalat El-Ghouri still stands out as one of the loftiest

and most time-enduring Islamic monuments remaining. It rightly reflects an

apex of harmony and symmetry in terms of both Islamic architecture and

practical functionality.


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The Present Mission:

While Wakalat El-Ghouri has earned its name as a historical monument, its

prestigious standing has been complemented and reinforced by its current

status and mission as a (distinguished arts and cultural institution).

The cultural role of Wakalat El-Ghouri started in 1959, with the initiation of

the Egyptian Ministry of Culture. It was then selected as the seat for reviving

conventional handicrafts as well as housing ateliers of contemporary artists.

Concept and objective:

The objective was to effect an interaction of both originality and modernity.

The antique building at present comprises ten handicraft departments, side by

side with fifty ateliers for plastic artists and six non-governmental

organizations head-offices for artist's critics, museum lovers and arts andheritage sponsors. Wakalat El-Ghouri, thus provides an unprecedented

example that epitomizes a happy cultural marriage of the old and modern and

governmental and non-governmental. Wakalat El-Ghouri was taken as the seat

of the Directorate of Arts Centers since its creation in 1992.

The objective is to enrich the cultural scene with a variety of arts and cultural

feeders. This will ensure that, while enhancing national identity and

allegiance, we will remain open to modernity.


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Wakalat El Ghouri already contains a permanent exhibition, where the

products of its crafts schools, including pottery, inlaid glass, wrought

copper, Arabesque-style woodwork, hand-made fabrics, costumes and

printed items are on display. All these products bear the mark of high-

quality art and invaluable heritage.
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Benefit of the two buildings:

1) BAIT AL_SIHIMI:

The way they renovated the house. That they healed all of the wounds

of the house without demolishing it.

Making it an architectural museum. , That will make people learn their

culture bye visualizing it and sensing it too.

2) WKALAHT AL_GHURI:

How they reused the building and taking care of all the building

elements.


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4.3) Cases study three...

3_ Newtown Wellesley hospital:

Institutional and commercial organizations treasure their historic buildings for many

reasons:

The buildings educate people

about history.

Help organizations create an

image in their communities.

And, most often feature beautiful

architecture.

Aesthetic Appeal

Perhaps the biggest challenge is

maintaining the integrity of

historic buildings while

incorporating energy-saving

measures and meeting

accessibility and fire-code

compliance requirements.

Before renovating such a facility,

the renovation team must identify

building characteristics that it wants to preserve or restore.

Finishes might be restored to what they were when the building was built,architects try to find the same type

of finishes and paint colors that

were in vogue at the time, or the

same type of wall coverings that

they see in the older photographs

of the building and restore them to

that state.


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One objective is not to reconfigure anything, not take down any walls or build

any new ones, because preserving the buildings interior is atop priority, if

the building needed adjustment alternative measures is taken to meet occupant

needs. Planners addressed some of those needs by renovating the basement

level into conference rooms.

In many cases, managers also must ensure the finished project meets building

codes regarding accessibility and fire safety while maintaining the structures

aesthetics.

Expect the Unexpected

Unlike most new-construction projects, historical renovations often hold surprises.

Architects might open up a wall and see that there is no real structure. They after that

have to think on how you are going to deal with these situations, whereas they dont

have those problems in new construction.

Another problem that might face architects is when they decide in adding air-

conditioning to the facility of an historical building; where the building isnt built to

be air conditioned, as a result, condensation is formed in walls.

Hazardous Materials

Hazardous-material abatement can raise renovation costs considerably, so it is critical

that managers identify all such materials early in the planning stages during the

demolition part.

Architects must know what hazardous are within the building, whether it is a jar of

chemicals, lead paint on the walls of a building, or asbestos in a machine room or

spackle, so when they begin the project, they start with their database, and know

ahead of time where they can expect problems, and do some more detailed survey for

the areas that are going to be impacted by the project and put together the necessary

construction documents and have those areas remediated the proper way. Despite

extensive efforts to uncover hazardous materials before renovation work begins,

unexpected issues arise when workers begin their work; they might open a wall that


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they didnt think has any hazardous materials and be very surprised to discover that

they do.

Transplanting History

Some organizations go to extremes to preserve their historic buildings. Take Newton-

Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Mass. Rather than demolish a 100-year-old building to

make room for a new emergency department, the hospital moved the structure, Ellison

Hall, about 220 feet. It now is closer to the three other buildings in the Newton

Cottage Hospital Historic District listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The big move of Ellison Hall took place in September 2005. A contractor lifted the

890-ton building using 28 hydraulic jacks. The hospital decided to renovate the

buildings interior. From the early planning stages, the hospitals facilities and

engineering department has been involved in ensuring the projects success.

The actual move of the building went much faster than expected, says Bill Sullivan,

the hospitals director of facilities and engineering, adding that the move started at 6

a.m. and was scheduled to take several hours.

By lunch time, the building was pretty much in place, he says. When the building

reopens, it will house much-need administrative space.

Raising the building gave use of the basement, which is a big plus, the hospital can

renovate the buildings new basement, which is currently empty space, to make it

more useable for occupants.

before after


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Benefit of the case study:

Renovating the 100 years old hospital. Leaving the same function of it,

but changing its interior space and modernising it, thus leaving the

enclosure of it.


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4.4) A local inspiration building...

This is a house located in JEDDAH. The designer is the owner of the house. His

name is (SAMI ANGAWI). It is a typical Hejazi house but it was built in 1995. It

is 3 stories height and has all of the Hejazi architectural elements interior and

exterior.The house is very private but also open to the world.Below are pictures

of the house...

Exterior views:


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Interior views:
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5.1) Site analysis:

Old Jeddah


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This map shows the old Jeddah and how small it

was


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The chosen site: Total site area= (9751.38):

The site that will be renovated is shown in the following picture. it is in front

of a famous round about in Jeddah (al bayah) roundabout every EID they do

festivals and activities in it for the kids

The yellow site is the parking. It will be fixed and there will be rules added for

the vehicles. It will be for people who will visit the (THE PROJECT) to park

their cars and enter the project.

THE CHOSINE SITE (Total site area (6151.382m2)

THE PARKING AREA (Area (3600)


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Reason for choosing the site :

Harat al almazlom is the elite district of old Jeddah .there for it has larger

and more beautiful buildings as well as less crowded and a quite area.

It also has an easy accessibility, (Medina road as an incoming and

outgoing access and also the roads to the old air port as an outgoing

access).

It is also near one of Jeddah old gates (bab jaded), and near one of the

oldest schools in Jeddah it was the first school opened that time (alfalah

school)

The area has many old and historical buildings that worth to work on and

we should as one of the residents and architects to save it from vanishing

and work on redeveloping it to stay forever.

Choosing it on the edge of albalad for people easy to access and less

pollution.


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Access to the site :( vehicle paths)

Main and secondary roads:

The site is on the boundaries of the old are not deep inside. All the main streets that

the people use leads to the site:

Main roads:

Al Andalusia road

Medina road

Malik Abdul-Aziz road

Secondary streets:


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Pedestrian paths in the site:

Pedestrian paths are alleys very narrow streets (1.5m_2m) ... but it created a pattern

of urban that the used to follow. And the call it (ZOGAG)

The pedestrian paths


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Views to the pedestrian paths in and beside the site:


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Climatic condition of the site:

This picture will show the good and bad braes of the weather and how is the sun

acting on the project site:


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POLLUTION:


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Focal point:

There are several focal points that lead people to the site some of which are:

Focal points beside the site:

1. Baya"ah round about.

2. The "kahrjeyah " ministry.

3. Alflah skhol(first school in Jeddah)

4. Souk(Makah+ abaddo)

5. The new marrkrts

6. Zainal Com an .


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5.2) Explanation analysis:

Climate (Wind and rain):

Jeddah is on the cost it has a humid climate and solar heat

(summer) in the old town all of the buildings are solved in a

sustainable way to reduce the heat and the humidity in

(winter) it becomes cold like 20 to 18 degrees they also

have a system to save the cool air and reduce it in summer,

the architectural sustainable features shows on the building.

The good weather (North West), and the bad weather is

(south east)

Solar Conditions:

Passive solar heating is best applied to buildings where

heating demand is high relative to cooling demand.

(albalad) old Jeddah town they use to use passive solar

heating in their buildings, to reduce the heat but in cretin

orientation of the building they solve this problem, in the

east side and west particularly because of the direction of

the sun, they use thick walls, small windows with the

(Roshan) and cross ventilation system to reduce the solar heat.


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Natural lighting and shade and shadow:


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Narrow the streets

Old Jeddah town urban design has narrow streets and high buildings. each building

through its shade on the other which creates a shadow and an amazing feeling when u

pass through these streets especially for pedestrian paths, you can see the reflection of

the (Roshan) on the buildings and the natural light passing through the narrow streets

between the buildings .


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Noise and environmental pollution:

Choosing the site in harat al sham (sham distract) was one of the reasons for getting

away from the noise and environmental pollution, this district is far from the (souq)

area where all of the noise and environmental issues are there, also as I mentioned

before it used to be for the wealthy people and very quiet, Visiting it gave me a

chance to sense that.


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Existing built and natural structure:


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5.3) Materials in buildings

Most of the buildings are residential; the architectural elements are shown on

their elevations:

1) Windows and openings.

Rawashin are the main element that they use for covering the openings for three

reasons:

Privacy (visible for the inside only).

Shade and shadow.

Ventilation.

Some openings are not covered with the Roshan.

Roshan is made from many kinds of wood, it's not plain wood it's carved...

Kinds of carving:


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2)The enclosure of the buildings:

Thick walls from coral stone taken from the shore,

using thick walls for reducing the heat and as a

structure for the building (wall bearing system).

3)The edges of the roof:

4)Doors :


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5) Interaction between natural and human and urban factors:

Old Jeddah town urban design has narrow streets and

all buildings are beside each other, which made the

bond between the people stronger, now days with the

new urban development the bond between people is

very weak. Further more narrow streets direct the wind

and ventilate the buildings in a right way. In

conclusion people interaction with the urban and

surroundings was much better.


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5.4) Things I recognised in the site:

1. Lack of greenery

2. Lack of healthy air

3. Not take care of the place they live in (dirty space).

One of the design criteria in this project is to make the place more healthier

and sustainable in adding the following :

1. Planting greenery2. Raising the awareness of health and caring about the place they live in.


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6) Site detail:

This chapter shows and explains in details each site and each old building. What are

their classifications? And more details...

Components of the whole site:

1) One empty site.

2) 6 old buildings.

3) One old garden.

4) Parking.


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Old renovated buildings details:

This map shows the classification of the old buildings of the project.

Class one

Class two

Class three

3d view of the buildings


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Old buildings schedule:

Total AreaNo. FloorsBuilding

function

Age of the

building

Building

situationAreaBuilding

Number

1867.044palace145Class 1466.76 m21

1776.35palace150Class 1355.26 m22

1120.566Residential250Class 2186.76 m23



6435Residential350Class3128.6 m26

7328.26Total =


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project:of theand zoning7) Program

Buildings :

1. Culture center

2. Hotel

3. Art and crafts center (people can go in and draw )

4. an open architectural building museum

5. Plus Shops, Restaurants and Cafes.

6. Landscaping

7. parking

Bubble diagram :

Open

courtyard

Open

museum

Hotel

Culture

center

ART

Center

parking


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zoning on the site :

Hotel.

Culture center.

Architectural museum

Art and craft center.

Landscaping


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Design criteria:

Consider in designing the empty site the heritage building sounded.

Take care in renovation that each building has its own value.

Plugging old buildings together but taking care not to demolish the elevation

of the building. Treating the old buildings in a very sensitive way and healing

its old wounds.


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1. Hotel :

The hotel will take place in old buildings they are four buildings that will

be plugged together in way to be connected to each other. Putting in mind

that it has a special treatment. Calculating the building (area number of

floors) will give me the total area of the four buildings . on that process I

will calculate how many people and how many rooms will be required for

this hotel.

Building# (1) area: 11.6x16.1= 168.76 m2 (6stories)

Building# (2) are:14.6 x 16.6 = 242.36 m2 (4 stories)

Building# (3) area;14.6x 16.3 = 237.98 (4 stories)

Building# (4) area:16 x 8= 127.6 (5 stories)

Total area is = 2885.22 m2

Hotel facilities and program:

Lobby zone: ( reception _ employs offices _lounge)

Services zone:(kitchen _ laundry)

Entertainment zone: ( gym _ shops _ restaurants + cafes )

Rooms:(single bed room _ double _ suits)


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Hotel program:

No. of

function

Functions No. of

person

No. of unit Unit area Total area

(m2)

Notes

1 rooms 130 77 45_35 2485.22 Single

Double

suite

2 Lobby ------------- 1 200 200

3 reception 2 1 30 30

4 Offices 6 5 30 150

5 kitchen 8 1 150 150 underground

6 Laundry 5 1 100 100 underground

7 gym 4 2 100 100

8 shops 2 2 50 100

9 Restaurant

and lounge

2 2 100 100


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Hotel zoning:

Lobby hall and

reception

Rooms

Servicess

Kitchen and loundry

GymResturant

And

lounge

Employs

officess

shops

Core

And

emergancy

stairs


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2. Culture center :

The culture center two parts: part of it will be on an empty site,

Designing a new layer on the hejazy architecture language and the

second part will take place in an old heritage building plugged and

connected with the new building. Sites calculation:

Empty site area: 28.46 x 22 = 626.12 m2

Old building area: 19.1 x 18.6 = 355.26 (5stories) = 1776.3 m2

Building components and program:

Library

Culture hall

Conference rooms

Cinema

Legal advice office

Social gathering area

Tourists guide office


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Empty site components program:

No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

1 Multi

propose

hall

60 1 300 300

4 Conference

rooms

25 2 100 200

5 Services:

kitchenette

2 2 12 24

6 Storage 2 2 20 40

7 cinema 100 1 250 250

8 Reception 1 1 15 15


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No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

9 Bath

rooms

______ 8 9 72

10 Bar 2 1 40 40

11 Lounge ______ 1 70 70

12 Control

room

1 1 30 30

13 Legal

advice

office

3 3 45 135

14 Men

lounge

______ 1 40 40

15 Woman

lounge

_______ 1 40 40


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No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

16 Bath rooms ______ 4 9 36

17 Services

room+

kitchenette

2 2 12/20 32

18 Meeting

room

5 1 40 40

19 Archie

room

1 1 20 20

20 Social

gathering

area

21 Family

lounging

_______ 1 50 50


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No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

22 Caf ______ 1 50 50

23 Restaurant 2 1 100 100

24 Bathe

rooms

_______ 8 9 72

25 Total area 829 m2


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Components of old building:

No. of

function

Functions No. of

person

No. of

unit

Unit area Total

area (m2)

Notes

1 Library

2 Multipurpose

room

50 3 100 300

3 reception 2 1 30 30

4 Research

area

6 in each

multipurpose

_______ 6 36

5 Tourist

guide office

6 Research

center

3 1 60 60



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TOTAL ARE FOR TWO BUILDINGS : 1446 m2/ 15 % for surculation

No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

8 Offices

guide

4 2 30 60

9 Lounge for

tourists

________ 1 60 60

10 Kitchenette 1 1 20 20

11 Bathrooms ________ 4 9 36

12 Total area 617 m2


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Culture center zoning:

Library

Tourist

guide area

The culture

hall

Legal advice

offices

Conference

rooms

Cinema Social

gathering

area

The plug


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3. Open heritage museum:

This building is a museum and an explanation of the Hejaz architecture.

The idea is to get through all the old building rooms with an explanation on

each architectural element in the building,what is it? And why they build it?

Building area:16.65 x 28 = 466.76 m2 (4 stories) = 1867.04

Number of people per day: 200


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4. Art center:

This is one of the old buildings that is connected to the hotel. It is over viewing

the old city and the open court in the middle. The concept is to create a place

where tourists and the people who are obsess by drawing to go in to this building

and take a corner in one of the halls and draw or use clay to do whatever they

sense in old Jeddah from buildings or elements.

Site calculation:

Old building area: 16 x 8 = 128 m2 (5 stories) = 640 m2

Building component program: Art halls.

Stationeries

Art references

Cafe

Lounge


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Art and craft center program:

No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

1 Art halls 15 3 70 210

Each kind of

art will be in

its suitable

floor


3 Lounge _______ _______ 30 30

4 Bathrooms ________ _________ _________ _________

From the 15%

with the core

5 Stationary 3 3 25 75

In each floor

will be a

stationary that is

suitable for each

kind of art

No. of

function

Functions No. of

person


(m2)

Notes

6 Offices

admission

3 3 15 45

Accountant

Manger

Secretary


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15% is for circulation

Note:

All buildings require green terraces, roofs and 15% of it is circulation.

7 Cafe 1 1 38 38

The space can

be more when

its opened to

the street and

integrated with

the landscape

8 Total area 413 m2


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7) Survey analysis:

7.1) survey questions:

Name:

Age:

Gender: M/F

Hello. It will be kind of you if you fill up this survey .it will take 5 mints thank

you

1. Did you visit old Jeddah (balad) before?

o Yes

o no

o If yes: what garbed your attention when you visited it?

__________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

o if no : why didnt you visit it before

__________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

2. What is the first picture that comes to your head when you hear anything

about old Jeddah (al balad)?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Do you know anything about the hijaz culture?

o Yes

o no


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4. Do yu think that there is anything left from the hejazi culture or from the

old Jeddah?

o Yes

o no

o If yes give example pleas?

5. Do you agree or disagree: that old Jeddah part should be demolished and

that they should build new modern buildings goes with technology?

o Yes

o no

6. Mark the words that you know the meaning of it?

o Roshan

o Al manjor

o Dehliz

o Haramlak

o Slamlak

o Bait al maa

o Aldakah

o Alsaffah

o Altaklelah

7. Do you know what kind of material do they used to use in building their

buildings?

o mud

o cement

o beach sand

o stone


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8. Do you know what was the purpose of adding the" roshan" as a main

element in their buildings?

o Decoration at that period of time.

o Adding it on the building was a tradition and a custom

o Ventilation , lighting and to cover the women from showing to the street

o It gives a fancy feeling and that the owner is rich.

9. Jeddah climate is very hot and humid: what was their way in ventilating

and cooling their buildings?

o Washing the floors with water continually

o Building the houses with open roofs (without a roof)

o Natural ventilation with Curtin elements in the building

10.If your family or some of your friends requested at the weekend to go and

spend some time in al balad would you go?

o Yes

o No

If yes: where would you go?

If no why?

And what are the things that can be there to let you go?

11.If you heard that they are renovating and redeveloping the old Jeddah

part "albalad" what would you recommend to be there and would be

interesting for you to go?


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7.2) Survey results:

1. 90% of the people have been to Al-Balad. The things that attracted them

there; old houses like bait Nassif and other buildings, the food for ex: Kebdah

(liver), AlSouk AlRakhaees (low priced souks), events and holy celebrations

during Ramadan, and Eid. 10% dont goto Al-Balad for two reasons; for the

dirtiness of the streets and for being full with so many poor non-Saudis.

2. Most of the people answered: Bait Nassif , Rawasheen, narrow streets, old

living rooms, karawetah, traditional clothes, old buildings, Kebdah, Shesha

places, old fun fairs made of wood, Malik Abdul Aziz St., Bab Makkah

3. 80% knows and 20% dont know

4. 50% said yes. They said Bait Nassif, Al Rawasheen, Al Kebdah, traditional

clothes. And the other 50% said no there isnt anything left.

5. 20% believe that Al Balad should be modernized and removed. 80% should

keep Al Balad and not be removed.

6. 70% knew the meaning of Roshan, 10% knew the meaning of Al Manjour,

70% knew the meaning of Al Dehleez, 30% knew the meaning of Haramlak,

10% knew the word Salamlak, 40% knew the meaning of Al Mishkah, 50%

knew the meaning of Bait Al Maa, 70% knew the meaning of Al Dakkah,30% knew the meaning of Al Saffah and 20% knew the meaning of Al

Takleelah.

7. 40% said from mud, 10% said cement, 5% said from corals and sand, and

50% said from stone.

8. 20% said for Decorations made at that time, 70% said it was made for

ventilation, lighting and not exposing members of the house to the outside

and 10% said it gave luxury and showed how rich and happy the family was.

9. 20% said washing and cleaning the floors from the inside continuously, 40%

said when building roofs there should be openings for ventilation and for air

to enter, and 40% said natural ventilation made thru the building made for air

to enter while building.

10.50% said yes they would go to Bait Nassif, Souk Gabil, Harat Al Mathloum,

Souk AlBalad, AlMahmal. And 50% said no they wouldnt go because of the

thieves, a lot of foreigners, the dirtiness and too crowded.


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What will make them want to go there is to make them feel as if they are actually

in old Balad filled with Saudi people instead of foreigners, Making parking lots,

finding it clean, maps to come and go flexibly, nice and clean cafes and

restaurants using the same old cultural tradition, more cultural events using our

Hijazi traditions and museums about Hijaz showing famous people of how they

grew and lived there.

11.To Get there quickly and fast without getting stuck in the crowd, cleanness all

around, places to sit and rest, tourist guides, placed maps for the whole Balad

and signs to show where exactly are you, more events for different things and

interests, festivals, museums, galleries, traditional food, greenery,

opportunities for younger Saudis to open small shops, fix the roads, parking

lots, more attractions, and to keep the same old traditional cultural

atmosphere.


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7.3) conclusion:

Keeping and taking care of the old city and buildings in any country is important.

Renovating and redeveloping the heritage in countries is for keeping the identity of

the people who live and used to live in that country. It makes people know who they

are and how they came. Putting in mind that we dont demolish what is there even if a

new layer came on top of the old one. Taking in consideration all of the generations.

At the end of this research there is a full understanding of all the Hejaz architectural

language, urban pattern, what is the culture of the old JEDDAH area, how they used

to live, and the sustainability of the area from buildings to paths and patterns.

Therefore all of the analysis and solutions in this research according to the project will

be applied


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References:

Books

Urban Design: A typology of Procedures and Products. Illustrated with over

50 Case Studies: by Jon Lang Check.

Traditional domestic architecture of the Arab region .by: Fridrich Ragette.

The Hejaz architecture by/ (sami angawi)

Arts of the City Victorious: Islamic Art and Architecture in Fatimid North Africa

and Egypt

An article: (Justified graph or j-graph (using JASS software).

Websites:

http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/baytsuhaymi.htm

http://www.shobiklobik.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=121263

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565c

http://www.rudi.net

http://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=false

http://www.rudi.net/search/node/historic+districts+upgrading

http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-

a017763046

http://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-

PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdf http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114 http://www.touregypt.net/suhaymi.htm http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114 http://www.arabfund.org/suhaymi/renovat2.htm www.muslimheritage.com

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june02/saudi_2-19.html
http://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/http://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/http://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/http://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/http://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/baytsuhaymi.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/baytsuhaymi.htmhttp://www.shobiklobik.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=121263http://www.shobiklobik.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=121263http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.rudi.net/http://www.rudi.net/http://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://www.rudi.net/search/node/historic+districts+upgradinghttp://www.rudi.net/search/node/historic+districts+upgradinghttp://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114http://www.touregypt.net/suhaymi.htmhttp://www.touregypt.net/suhaymi.htmhttp://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114http://www.arabfund.org/suhaymi/renovat2.htmhttp://www.arabfund.org/suhaymi/renovat2.htmhttp://www.muslimheritage.com/http://www.muslimheritage.com/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june02/saudi_2-19.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june02/saudi_2-19.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/jan-june02/saudi_2-19.htmlhttp://www.muslimheritage.com/http://www.arabfund.org/suhaymi/renovat2.htmhttp://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114http://www.touregypt.net/suhaymi.htmhttp://jis.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/20/1/114http://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://www.sea1917.org/heritage/UIA-WPAHR-V/Papers-PDF/Dr.%20Asaad%20Nadim.pdfhttp://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+coral+city+of+old+Jeddah-a017763046http://www.rudi.net/search/node/historic+districts+upgradinghttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://books.google.com/books?id=6EyF3AISgPUC&pg=PA87&dq=Clarke+Quay,+Singapore+Project&safe=active#v=onepage&q=Clarke%20Quay%2C%20Singapore%20Project&f=falsehttp://www.rudi.net/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V9H-44CVTVC-5&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=df72feff122d1e1aa59eb1f6b1fd565chttp://www.shobiklobik.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=121263http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/baytsuhaymi.htmhttp://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/http://ahmadladhani.wordpress.com/publications/arts-of-the-city-victorious-islamic-art-and-architecture-in-fatimid-north-africa-and-egypt/


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3D.view shoots for the final development:


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al mazloum heritage project 2012

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