al toxicity tolarence fi
TRANSCRIPT
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 1
Wel come
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 2
MAHESH R HAMPANNAVARPG14AGR6062Jnr M.Sc
Aluminium Toxicity Tolerance
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 3
Contents
• Introduction
• Al-toxicity symptoms in plants
• Site of al accumulation
• Injury mechanisms
• Genetics of Al Toxicity Resistance
• Sources Mineral Toxicity Resistance
• Creation of mineral toxicity environment
• Selection criteria Al resistance
• Characters associated Al toxicity resistance
• Al toxicity resistance varieties
• conclusion
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 4
Introduction
• Micro element but not essential element• Al toxicity-soil low pH<5.0• Free Al ions soluble in low pH• in Acidity soil-Fe,Mn,Al toxicity found• Mn toxicity and deficiency of P,Ca,Mg also
interplay in manifestion of Al toxicity
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 5
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 6
Al-TOXICITY SYMPTOMS IN PLANTS
• Poor or stunted growth• Leaf tip death and marginal chlorosis• Deficiency symptoms of Fe,Ca• Effect on leaf area ,chlorophyll content and Hill
activity• Stunted and deformed roots- it become
stibbier and thicker ,low specific surface• Lateral root thickened and turn brown• Callose formation
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 7
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 8
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 9
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 10
SITE OF Al ACCUMALATION
• Primary accumalation in Root maristem
• At cellular level in cell wall and nucleus
• Specific site is cellular membrane of younger
and outer root cells
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INJURY MECHANISMS
Reduced root growth-• Main effect…• Inhibits cell division in root meristem and
cell elongatin…• Decrease extensibilityby cross linking
protien in middle lamella…• Increase viscocity of protoplasm..• Inhibition of DNA synthesis…
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• Effect of Al-toxicity on nutrient uptake-Ca,Mg,P,Fe and NO¯³ deficiency
• Al toxicity affects pollen germination• Chromosomal abnormality and reducesed
DNA synthesis • Effect of Al toxicity on cell and cellular
components- damaged cytoplasm,disruption of golgi bodies , extesive vacuoleation,cell distortion,cytoplam density
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 13
Genetics of Al Toxicity Resistance
• Generally polygenic trait• Monogenic in Barley,Maize
• MAIZE - Lte2• BARLEY- Alp
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 14
GENETICS OF Al TOXICITY RESISTANCE
CROP GENETIC CONTROL HERITABILITY
REMARKS
BARLEY Alp -- --
WHEAT 5AL,6A,2DL,4DL,4BL,5D,7D -- --
RYE 3R, 4R,6R
-- supressed when intercross with wheat
MAIZE Single gene with multiple alleles:pleotropic effect of Lte2
-- Lte2 specifies heat
SORGHUM polygenic high Selection would be effective
ALFALFA polygenic -- --
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 15
Sources Mineral Toxicity Resistance
• Old varieties adopted to acid soil and mineral toxicity
• Cultivated varieties bred and cultivated in acid soil region
eg- Brazalian wheats
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 16
Creation of mineral toxicity environment
• Field having mineral toxicity
• Pots filled with problem soil
• In nutrient solution –based on hydrophonics or sand culture
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 17
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 18
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 19
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Selection criteria Al resistance
• Shoot dry matter - in pot and nutrient culture
• Root length-
• Root wieght- In hydrophonics• Root deformation • Root discolouration
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• Al exclusion from roots-Eg- In wheat, stained with haematoxylin,donot
take up stain are resistance• In field expt- yield is used to measure the
resistance , evaluate in normal and stress condition,it suited for parents and F1
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Characters associate with Al toxicity resistance
• Plant raise pH of their rhizosphere• Al excluded from entering root from mucilage• Al compartmentalized in roots –chelation of
organic acid in root• Al accumalation in older leaves eg-tea• Al resistance involve nutritional aspect-NH⁺4,
NO⁻3,Ca deficiency,P deficiency
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Problems in Al toxicity resistance breeding
• Toxicity profile varies with location • Specific Al resistance may not serve the
purpose• Al toxicity interact with other mineral Ca,Mg,P
so care should be taken during selection• Hydrophonics is expensive and skill required• Double work load- stress and non stresse
condition evaluation
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 24
Al toxicity resistance varieties
• Rice- IR-64, Basmati370,Atlas66,IR-24• Wheat- BH1146,kedett• Maize- sikuni,B37,C525-M• Sorghum-PaB8A,B37• Barley-Aura• Soybean-No.62,Lachang• Groundnut-TAG-24,TCGA-5,-6,-10,-34,JL-220
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 25
CONCLUSION
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Mahesh R Hampannavar 26
Thank you one and
All