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Month, Day, Year
Alameda County Water District
Stormwater as a Resource:
Opportunities and Challenges
ACWA 2016 Fall Conference & Exhibition
December 1, 2016
Overview of ACWD
2
Founded in 1914
ACWD serves Fremont, Newark, and Union
City
~105 sq. mi. Service area
~344,000 Population
~83,000 Customer connections
ACWD Water Supply Sources – Typical
40%
40%
20%
Alameda Creek WatershedRunoff (includes brackishGW desal)
State Water Project
San Francisco PUC
3
ACWD’s Local Water Supply
4
• Alameda Creek drains a 633 sq. mi. watershed
• Urban & Rural Areas
Alameda Creek
Flood Control Channel
Legend
Diversion
Rubber
Dam
Drop Structure
(“BART Weir”)
Middle Rubber Dam
5
Lowest Inflatable Rubber Dam: Removed from
service in 2009
Upper Rubber Dam
Sea Level
SAN FRANCISCO BAY
100
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
FREMONT AQUIFER
CENTERVILLE AQUIFER
NEWARK AQUIFER
DEEP AQUIFERS
HA
YW
AR
D
FA
UL
T
DE
PT
H I
N F
EE
T
QUARRY LAKES
Niles Cone Groundwater Basin:
Seawater Intrusion
6
BEDROCK
Sea Level
SAN FRANCISCO BAY 100
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
FREMONT AQUIFER
CENTERVILLE AQUIFER
NEWARK AQUIFER
DEEP AQUIFERS
HA
YW
AR
D
FA
UL
T
DE
PT
H I
N F
EE
T
ABANDONED WELLS
Niles Cone Groundwater Basin:
Seawater Intrusion
7
Sea Level
SAN FRANCISCO BAY 100
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
FREMONT AQUIFER
NEWARK AQUIFER
DEEP AQUIFERS
HA
YW
AR
D
FA
UL
T
DE
PT
H I
N F
EE
T
ARP WELLS
Niles Cone Groundwater Basin:
Aquifer Reclamation Program
8
ABANDONED WELLS
Newark Desalination Facility
9
Niles Cone Groundwater Basin
Alameda Creek
PT Wellfield Mowry Wellfield
“Active” annual stormwater diverted under water
rights: 19,000 AF/year (typ.) – urban and rural
watershed
“Passive” deep percolation: 9,000 AF/year (average) –
urban
Direct stormwater runoff to Quarry Lakes: between
200 to 2,000 AF/year – urban
Groundwater basin capacity is limited in wet years
Existing Stormwater Capture
Protecting and Restoring
Groundwater Quality
Niles Cone Groundwater Mgm’t and Protection
Treated similar to a pristine watershed
ACWD Operational Protocols for Diversions from
Alameda Creek
Water Quality
Fish Passage (future)
Actively monitor watershed activities
Secured ban of hazardous material truck transport in
Niles Canyon
Cooperative Agreement with RWQCB
ACWD lead agency for management of LUFT and SCP sites
SB 133 – ACWD Groundwater Protection Act
Stormwater Recharge
Direct stormwater runoff to Quarry Lakes
Protecting and Restoring
Groundwater Quality
Work with Land Use planning agencies to
established standards and prohibitions on direct
infiltration
Balance NPDES’ Low Impact Development (LID)
approaches with protecting groundwater quality
Sensitive recharge areas, “high risk” situations-such as high
traffic & industrial areas, automotive repair shops, active
cleanup sites
Strategies to reduce the amount of runoff, e.g, on-site reuse,
Treatment Measures, eg., bioswales vs. infiltration devices
Public education program to curb illegal
dumping, especially into storm drains
Redirect Drainage into Quarry Lakes
Theoretical Quantity = 2,000 to 6,000 AF/year
Groundwater basin capacity limitations limits yield
Detention and pollution mitigation issues (hydrocarbons and other
vehicle related chemicals, pesticides)
High cost
Decentralized run-off detention systems, cisterns and rain-
barrels
Slow release after storm events in shoulder seasons
Modest yield = 200 acre-feet
Rain barrel rebate program
Great for public education!
Future Stormwater Capture
Opportunities
Regional and local urban and rural stormwater capture is
already part of ACWD’s water supply portfolio
Limited groundwater storage capacity and business case
challenges limit expansion potential
Protecting groundwater quality remains an important
objective for ACWD
ACWD is working with local cities and individual
customers to maximize on-site capture, as appropriate
Final Thoughts