albania’s membership to nato

F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13Foto DURO

Albania’s membership to NATO

Col (R) Foto DUROIDM Senior Researcher

INSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACY AND MEDIATIONCENTRE FOR EUROPEAN & SECURITY AFFAIRS (CESA)

Costs and Benefits

1

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I. MEMBERSHIP COSTS

2

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3

1. Adapt ourselves2. Contribute to NATO

I. MEMBERSHIP COSTS

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4

MEMBERSHIP COSTS

1. Adapt ourselves

2. Contribute to NATO

a. Legislation

c. Structural changes

e. Make our environment secure/reliable to NATO

b. Conceptual/Doctrinal changes

d. Modernization

a. “Common Fund”

b. NATO led missions

f. Putting our infrastructure at NATO disposal

c. NATO routine activities

d. NATO permanent agencies

e. NATO integrated structures

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5

MEMBERSHIP COSTS

1. Adapt ourselves


a. Legislation



d. Modernization








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NAVY DOCTRINE

of AAF

ARMY DOCTRINE

of AAF

JOINT DOCTRINE

AAF

NATIONAL MILITARY STRATEGY

AIR FORCE DOCTRINE

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

LOGISTICS DOCTRINE

TRANSPORTATION

PLAN

Long Term

Development

PLAN

2007-2020

HUMAN

RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

STRATEGY

LOGISTIC SUPPORT

PLAN

EXCESS AMMUNITION DEMOLISHING

PLAN

MODERNISATION

PLAN

2007-2012

PEACE TIME

STATIONING & INFRASTRUCTURE

PLAN

GUIDING POLICIES

CONCEPTUAL/DOCTRINAL CHANGES

6

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NAVY DOCTRINE

of AAF

ARMY DOCTRINE

of AAF

JOINT DOCTRINE

AAF

NATIONAL MILITARY STRATEGY

AIR FORCE DOCTRINE

NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

LOGISTICS DOCTRINE

TRANSPORTATION

PLAN

HUMAN

RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

STRATEGY

LOGISTIC SUPPORT

PLAN

EXCESS AMMUNITION DEMOLISHING

PLAN

MODERNISATION

PLAN

2007-2012

PEACE TIME

STATIONING & INFRASTRUCTURE

PLAN

GUIDING POLICIES

Long Term

Development

PLAN

2007-2020

CONCEPTUAL/DOCTRINAL CHANGES

7

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2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2020

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0

R&D

Infrastr

Equipment

O & M

Personnel

LONG TERM VISIONMoney allocation

New economic situation calls for revision and adjustments based on a more realistic forecast

1 $ ~ 100 Leks

(billion Leks)Long Term

Development

PLAN

2007-2020

8

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Strategic Defense Review

ConditionsStandards

Gap AnalysisForce

DevelopmentOptions

Decision Publish Recommendations

ResourceConstraints

Operational Capabilities

AlternativeForce

Structures

AffordabilityAnalysis

Capability Goals /Target Levels

DecisionFutureForce

Structure

Current and Planned

Capability Capability Goals /Target Levels

Capability Requirement

ExistingForce

Structure

ScenariosOperational Requirement

National Security Strategy

Roles and Missions

Interpret

Coordinate

SDR process

NSS process

9

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SDR process – contingencies

1- Defense of the Country– Article 5 inside Albania

– Non-article 5 inside Albania

2 - Contribution to International Peace and Stability– Article 5 outside Albania

– NonArt5 Crisis Response Operation

3 - Protection of Constitutional Order

4 - Public Safety– Terrorist attack / threats

5 - Civil Emergencies

6 - Cyber Security

13 group scenarios, representing 33 “most likely” security scenarios 10

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11

MEMBERSHIP COSTS

1. Adapt ourselves


a. Legislation


d. Modernization








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12

STRUCTURAL CHANGES

NATO – a dynamic organization – To reflect changes in security environment– AAF focused more on:

• Light infantry units (fit for diverse terrain and urban operations)

• Airborne type of troops• Medium lift helicopters • Field service units

– “Niche capabilities”

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• More suitable for a small armed force

• More direct link between GS and units

• Units – role - “force provider”

• Joint Oper Centre – “force user”

• Improve “teeth to tail” ratio

• Authorized strength - 10 000 personnel (reduction by 2000)

SOME PRINCIPLES OF THE NEW STRUCTURE

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Pers

on

nel

AAF authorized force

HUMAN

RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

STRATEGY 0

5001000

1500

20002500

3000

3500

40004500

5000

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Officers

NCO

Professionals

Conscripts

Civilians

Pers

on

nel

15

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c. Structural changesb. Conceptual/Doctrinal changes

16

MEMBERSHIP COSTS

1. Adapt ourselves


a. Legislation








d. Modernization

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MODERNIZATION(Million Lek)

(1. To adapt ourselves)

17

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d. Modernization c. Structural changesb. Conceptual/Doctrinal changes

19

MEMBERSHIP COSTS

1. Adapt ourselves


a. Legislation








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• The Albanian Defense establishment currently operates more than 25 munitions depots all over the country.

• They contain almost 100,000 tons of various types of munitions.

• About 90,000 tons of the munitions in the Albanian Defense inventory were declared excess.

• Difficult to guard and manage because of the significant reduction of AAF and concentration to the main centers

• Expected to be finalized by end 2013

SECURE ENVIRONMENT AT NATO DISPOSAL

(1. To adapt ourselves)

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21

MEMBERSHIP COSTS

1. Adapt ourselves a. Legislation







2. Contribute to NATOa. “Common Fund”

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NATO recources

• National– All systems (with some exemptions for major systems) are member

nations responsibility. They are put at NATO disposal according to the situation

• Common-Fund– Military Budget– Civil Budget– NSIP (NATO Security &

Investment Program)

10%

54%

36% Civil Budget

Military Budget

NSIP

Common Fund

~ 2.5 miliardë €/vit• Multinational Budget– AWACS– AGS

• Contributions “in kind”• Trust Funds

22

Albania – 0.0843%

Albania in Kosovo Trust Fund (500,000 Euro/year)

F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13 2323

36%

28%14%

22%Consultation & Cooper with Partners

Alliance Capabilities

Support to Operations

Public relations

NATO Civil Budget

NATO Military Budget

21%

16%27%

6%

13%

7%6% 3%

1%Command Struct 21%

C3 Support 16%

NAEW&C 27%

Air C2 Other 6%

CRO 13%

TEE 7%

Pensions 6%

3%R&D

PfP 1%

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MEMBERSHIP COSTS









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KOS

ACTIVE ENDEAVOR

Albania Force Contribution

Tchad (2008) 1 Coy

End Freed (2004) 1 COY

1 OMLT (2011)

(with USNJNG)

Kabul (2002) 1 PLT

Herat (2007) 2 COYs

Kandahar (2010) SOF (COY - )

ALTHEA (2008)

EOD Team

SFOR (1996) 1 Coy

End Frreed (2004) 1 Coy

Tchad (2008) 1 Coy

25

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Force contribution over the time

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

Pe

rso

nn

el

0.9%

7.8%8.6%

3.5%

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Pers

on

nel

AAF authorized force

% relative to Land Forces26

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G-3780 Stabil Reconstr Spec

13

G-3781 Stabil Recons Coord

14

G-3782 Stab Recons Pre-

deploy

15

G-4570 Bord. Sec.Equip

23

G-4571 Bord Sec.Pers.Train

24

G-4572 Bord. Sec

Inf&Comun

25

G-4573 Bord Sec. Languag

26

G-4574 Bord Sec. Organiz

27

CAPABILITY TARGETS (ALB)

CSCS HOST.N.SUPHOST.N.SUPOPER OPER PERS/STRUCTPERS/STRUCT OTHEROTHERCSSCSS

11 CT-s

17 CT-s

8 CT-s

G-4490 CBRN Protect

22

L-0047 CS CONTRIBUT

31

G-2780 Network Enab Commun

06

G-2860 Network ENAB INFO SYS

08

G-2861 Network ENAB SERVICES

09

G-3070 Network Eabl INTEROPER

11

M-2842 MARIT COMUNIC

45

A-1459 Air Navig AIDS & Radios

48

G-0360 Secur Coop (NATO)

03

G-0630 Nation HUMINT

04

G-2781 CYBER DEFENSE

07

G-3023 C2 MODE 5 IFF

10

G-3140 Glob.Navig.Sat Sys

12

L-0315 Tactic Air Con

33

L-0410 ISTAR

34

M-2920 MARIT AWARE

46

A-2900 NATINADS

49

INFO&SECURINFO&SECUR KOMUNICKOMUNIC PROTECPROTEC

LEGALLEGAL

M-0001 MARITIME OP/TRAIN

43

M-2200 Maritime Interdict

44

NAVYNAVY AIRAIRLANDLAND

L-0001 LAND OP/TRAIN

28

L-0035 Force Contrib

30

L-0020 IED Countering

29

L-0048 Extreme Climate Cappabil

32

L-0880 Non-Lethal Cap/Weap

35

L-0890 Urb.Op Combin Arms

36

L-0895 Individ Combat Sys

37

L-0905 Indirect Fire Support

38

A-0001 AIR OP/TRAIN

47

27

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OTHEROTHERCSCS HOST.N.SUPHOST.N.SUPOPER OPER PERS/STRUCTPERS/STRUCT OTHEROTHERCSSCSS

8 CT-s

4 CT-s


LEGALLEGAL

G-0050 COLLECTIVE

DEFENSE

01

TRANSPORT TRANSPORT SUPPLYSUPPLYGENERAL

GENERAL

G-4055 NATO Supp Chain

Management

16 G-4153 RSOM

17

G-4156 Avia Support

18

G-4174 Strat Move

19

G-4211 Nat.Support Depl. Forces

20

G-4244 Medic Support

21

L-1000 Eng Mob-Count-Surv

39

L-4212 CSS Contribution

42

STRUCTSTRUCT CJTFCJTF

G-2702 CJTF HQ Augment

05

G-3783 CIMIC Teams

41

G-0355 LANGUAGE REQ

02

L-3540 PSYOPS Elem

40

1 CT

28

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CSCS HOST.N.SUPHOST.N.SUPOPER OPER PERS/STRUCTPERS/STRUCT OTHEROTHERCSSCSSLEGALLEGAL

11 CT-s

17 CT-s

8 CT-s

G-4490 CBRN Protect

22

L-0047 CS CONTRIBUT

31

G-2780 Network Enab Commun

06

G-2860 Network ENAB INFO SYS

08

G-2861 Network ENAB SERVICES

09

G-3070 Network Eabl INTEROPER

11

M-2842 MARIT COMUNIC

45

A-1459 Air Navig AIDS & Radios

48

G-0360 Secur Coop (NATO)

03

G-0630 Nation HUMINT

04

G-2781 CYBER DEFENSE

07

G-3023 C2 MODE 5 IFF

10

G-3140 Glob.Navig.Sat Sys

12

L-0315 Tactic Air Con

33

L-0410 ISTAR

34

M-2920 MARIT AWARE

46

A-2900 NATINADS

49

G-3780 Stabil Reconstr Spec

13

G-3781 Stabil Recons Coord

14

G-3782 Stab Recons Pre-

deploy

15

G-4570 Bord. Sec.Equip

23

G-4571 Bord Sec.Pers.Train

24

G-4572 Bord. Sec

Inf&Comun

25

G-4573 Bord Sec. Languag

26

G-4574 Bord Sec. Organiz

27

M-0001 MARITIME OP/TRAIN

43

M-2200 Maritime Interdict

44

NAVYNAVY AIRAIRLANDLAND

L-0001 LAND OP/TRAIN

28

L-0020 IED Countering

29

L-0048 Extreme Climate Cappabil

32

L-0880 Non-Lethal Cap/Weap

35

L-0890 Urb.Op Combin Arms

36

L-0895 Individ Combat Sys

37

L-0905 Indirect Fire Support

38

A-0001 AIR OP/TRAIN

47

INFO&SECURINFO&SECUR KOMUNICKOMUNIC PROTECPROTEC

L-0035 Force Contrib

30

29

F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13


CSCS HOST.N.SUPHOST.N.SUPOPER OPER PERS/STRUCTPERS/STRUCT OTHEROTHERCSSCSSLEGALLEGAL

L-0035Force

Contribution

• tactical deployment by helicopters in all terrain

• high intensity war fighting and manoeuvre in all terrain

• capable of joint and combined expeditionary warfare

• tactical employment in extreme weather conditions

• counter-insurgency, peace support and other manpower intensive operations

• movement in own vehicles in tactical formations and action and manoeuvre on foot.

• integrating into a higher, brigade level formation

• independent operations for 5 combat days of supplies

Minimum of 1,000 personnel.

Capable of:

30

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32

MEMBERSHIP COSTS








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Participation in NATO routine activities – About 420 committees, subcommittees, commissions,

working groups in NATO– Hard to calculate an approximate cost of participation

in all of them. – Selected to participate - 45– Albania – declared to host 1 multinational EX per year.

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– NATINEADS

– Air surveillance

• Stage I – use/exploit air picture provided by two NATO CAOCs

• Stage II – develop capacities (starting from 2012) to provide data (1 stationary radar followed (if) by -2 mobile)

– Air Policing

• To be provided by NATO

• Albania to provide support (emergency landing, C-SAR, Air-picture data exchange…)

Participating in a variety of NATO structures /initiatives:

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35

MEMBERSHIP COSTS







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Participation in NATO PE structures– Planned about 26 military personnel by mid 2010 to

be assigned in NATO integrated structures (actually 28 till 2011)

– More interest on IT, operations, CIMIC – Two folded cost:

• Financial • Loss of some of the most qualitative personnel from our

staffs/units

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MEMBERSHIP COSTS





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– HNS – Initial Operational Capability (IOC)

– Catalogued:• designated seaports, airports, communication hubs, etc.

• Military installations (Command posts, Operation centers, training ranges).

– Services to NATO units (transiting or deployed in our country)

• Host Nation Support

• Movement coordination and information

• Cargo processing (in airports, seaports)

– HNS to meet NATO standards (not simply put at NATO disposal)

• Still a “grand master plan” to be finalized (about the requirements and the cost to prepare key infrastructure for NATO needs)

Key infrastructure available to NATO(2. Contribution to

NATO)

39

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II. MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS

40

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II. MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS

41

a. Political/economic perspective

b. Security/defense perspective

F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13

• Message of a country meeting the standards:- Functioning Democracy- Rule of law- Free market economy

In general, NATO membership is a strong “motor” for change, improvement and preparation for EU

integration

42

a. Political/economic benefits

• A country with potentials- For foreign investors to invest- As a reliable partner in bilateral/multilateral

initiatives

F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13

Data/year 2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

GDP (million euro)

4541 7828 8870 8693 8872 9140 9277

GDP growth rate 7.9% 5.9% 7.5% 3.3% 3.7% 3.0% 1.5%

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

2001

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

GDP (million euro)

(m

illio

n eu

ro)

YEARS

Source: Albania 2012 Progress Report, EU Commission Staff working paper

43

GDP Growth

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Year 2001 2007 2008 2009 2010 20112012

Net foreign direct investment (FDI) (million euro)

231 492 731 732 837 754

44

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2001

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

FDI (million Euro)YEARS

Million

Eu

ros

Source: Albania 2012 Progress Report, EU Commission Staff working paper

Net foreign direct investment (FDI)(million euro)

F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13

a) Strategic level:• Part of the most successful and long-lived political-military

alliance in history• Integration into a large family of nations (collective defense)• Part of important tables of decision making • Part of sub-structures dealing with:

- Defense planning- Intelligence sharing- Modernization of systems/equipment - Education and training (Defense Academies Consortium) - Air Defense (NATO has taken over Albanian air space

surveillance/protection)- Maritime defense (Operation “Active Endeavour”)- Informatization / automation and cyber defense

45


F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13

b) Operational level:

• The package of Capability Targets

- Orients AAF to a more effective military “better fit for mission”

- Better linkage between ambition – resources (80% of Albanian defense resources for this package)

• Useful Lessons Learned (from NATO led missions abroad – ISAF)

46


F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13

c) Tactical level:

• Opportunity for Albanian militaries (officers, NCOs, soldiers) to operate in multinational environments/missions

• More effective training, based on real challenges, mostly for:

- Operating in urban environments

- Asymmetric threats

- In very demanding/diverse missions by perspective of culture, religion, traditions etc.

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F.Duro IDM – 23.04.13

THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS ?

48

albania’s membership to nato

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