alcohol intoxication, drinking and driving, & impulsivity
DESCRIPTION
Alcohol Intoxication, Drinking and Driving, & Impulsivity. Paulette Chavez University of Missouri-Columbia. Drinking and Driving . In 2009, alcohol involvement still accounted for ~1/3 of the total traffic fatalities in the US (NHTSA, 2010). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Alcohol Intoxication, Drinking and Driving, & Impulsivity
Paulette Chavez University of Missouri-Columbia
2
Drinking and Driving In 2009, alcohol involvement still accounted
for ~1/3 of the total traffic fatalities in the US (NHTSA, 2010).
35% of DD fatalities involved individuals 21 to 24 years of age (NHTSA, 2010).
Individual difference factors have been found to negate the deterring effects of legal sanctions (Piquero & Paternoster, 1998; Yu, Evans, & Clark, 2006).
Perceived Risk of Drinking and Driving
Cognitive variables are important predictors of drinking and driving. Perceived Dangerousness Perceived Consequences Perceptions of Drinking and Driving
Alternatives
The current study examines perceived risk of drinking and driving while intoxicated.
Impulsivity and Drinking and Driving Disinhibited personality
characteristics (Jonah, 1997) Neuroticism/emotionality
domain Impulsivity/disinhibition domain
Impulsive individuals are more likely: To drive while intoxicated (Ames,
Zogg, & Stacy, 2002; Ryb, Dischinger, Kufera, & Read, 2006).
To repeatedly engage in drinking and driving (McMillen et al., 1992).
Impulsivity Impulsivity is a common diagnostic criteria in
the DSM-IV for a variety of disorders. Examples: ADHD, gambling, borderline
personality disorder Impulsivity is strongly associated with the use
of alcohol (Sher, Grekin, & Williams, 2005; Sher, Trull, Bartholow, & Vieth, 1999).
Disaggregating Impulsivity UPPS-P (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001; Cyders et
al., 2007) Sensation seeking
I’ll try anything once. (Lack of) planning
I am one of those people who blurt out things without thinking.
Lack of persistence I tend to give up easily.
Urgency When I am upset, I often act without thinking. I tend to lose control when I am in a great mood
Urgency Urgency reflects an individual’s
tendency to act rashly while experiencing extreme mood.
Both negative and positive moods are related to rash decision making.
Undergraduate college students are more likely to drink on days of celebration than during the week (Del Boca, Darkes, Greenbaum, & Goldman, 2004; Kornefel 2002).
Present Study: Examines perceived risk of drinking and driving while
intoxicated. Test how dangerous individuals perceive driving to be at
different points on the BAC curve.
Examines individual differences in these perceptions. Are positive and negative urgency associated with lower
perceived dangerousness of drinking and driving? Are positive and negative urgency associated with change
in perceived dangerousness across the BAC curve?
Demographics N= 63 Age- range from 21-26, mean 21.98 Sex- 54% male Race- 87.3% Caucasian, 4.8% African American
Procedure Participants partake in 2 sessions, one intoxicated
one sober. .72g/kg of alcohol for men, .65g/kg for women
Peak BAC estimate to be approx .075 to .080 Positive and negative urgency measured in the
sober session. Perceived danger of drinking and driving
measured at baseline, then across ascending and descending limbs of the BAC curve.
Ascending Limb Assessments
“How dangerous do you feel it is for you to drive right now?”
15 30 45 600.0600000000000001
0.0650000000000001
0.0700000000000001
0.0750000000000001
0.0800000000000001
Breath Alcohol Concentration
15 30 45 602.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
Ascending Perceived Danger-ousness.06
4.074
.077
.078
Results for Positive & Negative Urgency Both positive and negative urgency were associated
with perceived danger of drinking and driving. Those high in urgency rated drinking and driving as less
dangerous at all assessments on the ascending limb. Neither positive or negative urgency was associated
with perceived danger on the descending limb.
No interactions between time and urgency Positive and negative urgency were not associated with
change in perceived danger across either limb of the BAC curve.
QUESTIONS